21,075 research outputs found

    Livelihood Approaches and Fisheries Management in the Lower Mekong Basin

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    Known as livelihood approaches, this new way of looking at fisheries management is becoming increasingly common, particularly with development agencies and other organisations. However, there is a perception that the concept of livelihoods and livelihood approaches is not well understood or taken-up by policymakers and fisheries managers. Recognising this, the technical advisory Body for Fisheries Management (TAB) commissioned the STREAM initiative to review previous studies that used livelihood approaches to evaluate fisheries and fishing communities in the Lower Mekong Basin. This information serves to illustrate the characteristics, benefits and practical use of livelihood approaches in fisheries management and development. STREAM also made a series of recommendations that would help the uptake and implementation of these approaches in the future

    Matsya Sampada Newsletter

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    The first edition of the Newsletter would help stakeholders stay up-to-date with the latest information on government policies and programmes, upcoming events and progress of projects related to fisheries sector

    Education and Livelihood in Ghana: Evidence from Instrumental Variable Analysis

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    The research verified if schooling makes any difference in the consumption expenditure and poverty status of individuals in Ghana. Using the recent round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey data, we quantified the difference that schooling makes in the livelihood of individuals through the method of instrumental variables (IV). We found that individuals who have completed some level of schooling experience a significant increase in their consumption expenditure relative to those who have not been to school at all. Again, educated individuals who are poor had a significantly lower consumption expenditure compared to educated individuals who are non-poor. Also, individuals with some level of schooling had a lower probability to be poor compared to those without any schooling. We suggest massive investment in educational infrastructure and a revision of the schooling curriculum to equip individuals with workable skills that can enable them to undertake livelihood activities to improve their welfare

    A New Socio-Economy in Africa? Thintegration and the Mobile Phone Revolution

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    Much has been written about the impacts of information and communication technology (ICT) in Africa and its transformational socio-economic potential. The penetration of mobile phones in particular has been particularly marked in recent years. This paper seeks to interrogate the hypothesis of transformation by examining the ways in which Africa is integrated into global mobile phone value chain, and the uses to which this technology is put on the continent. While mobiles are having significant, and sometimes welfare enhancing impacts, their use is also embedded in existing relations of social support, resource extraction and conflict. Consequently their impacts are dialectical, facilitating change but also reinforcing existing power relations. As Africa is still primarily a user, rather than a producer or creator of ICT, this represents a form of thin integration (“thintegration”) into the global economy, which does not fundamentally alter the continent’s dependent position.

    Compensation for Environmental Services and Rural Communities: Lessons from the Americas

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    In principle, payments for environmental services – such as watershed management, biodiversity conservation, and carbon sequestration – can advance the goals of both environmental protection and poverty reduction. A review of recent initiatives in the Americas suggests, however, that this desirable combination is not automatic. If payments for environmental services (PES) schemes are to be an effective vehicle for strengthening livelihoods in poor rural communities, they must be designed with that objective firmly in mind. This paper draws key lessons from diverse experiences in Costa Rica, Mexico, Brazil, El Salvador, and New York.

    Hydro-institutional mapping in the Steelpoort River Basin, South Africa

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    River basins / Institutions / Organizations / Private sector / Public sector / Local government / Mapping / Water resource management / Water policy / Legislation / Rural women / Constraints / Groundwater / Surface water / Water quality / Water use / Water users / Dams / Reservoirs / Large-scale systems / Irrigation management / Industrialization / Case studies / Operations / Maintenance / Canals / Conflict / Farmer-agency interactions / Policy / Water supply / Rural development

    Decent Work and the Informal Economy

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    employment, governance, ILO, indicators, informal sector, representation, rights, social protection

    Key emerging and conceptual issues in the development of the rural non-farm economy in developing countries and transition economies

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    The rural non-farm economy (RNFE) is of interest to governments, multilateral donor organisations, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and development practitioners because of its increasing prevalence in both developing and transition economies. In many parts of the world, the number of poor people in rural areas exceeds the capacity of agriculture to provide sustainable livelihood opportunities. Even with a decline in fertility rates and a slowing of population growth, this situation will not change significantly. Out-migration is not possible for all types of people, and urban centres cannot (or should not, for economic and social reasons) be assumed capable of providing adequate livelihood opportunities for all those unable to make a living in agriculture. For these reasons, a healthy RNFE holds out the prospect of improved livelihoods for people living in rural areas. This set of circumstances puts the spotlight on the RNFE as a potential vehicle for poverty reduction in rural areas. This paper reviews contemporary empirical and conceptual thinking on the economics of diversity, non- agricultural growth and the rural non-farm economy.Rural non-farm economy, non-agricultural growth, employment, livelihoods, diversity

    Enhanced Traditional Livelihoods: Alternative to the Oil Economy in Niger Delta

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    The need to shift the national economy from sole dependence on oil to a diversified one has long been advocated by many authors. However, there has not been a constructive and determined effort towards achieving this objective. Government pronouncements have not been backed with policy frameworks to effectively implement policies in this direction. Where there are, full implementation has not been achieved. In the Niger Delta area, that is largely aquatic with extensive natural resources, the traditional economy of the natural communities have been abandoned and there are no serious efforts to exploit these resources maximally and sustainably to attract international markets so as to contribute significantly to the national economy. It is posited that enhanced traditional livelihoods such as fishing, farming, aquaculture, crafts and trading (with private and government participation) will bring about growth and development of the economy. A diversified economy will ensure adequate and full utilization of existing assets (natural, physical, human and social), reduction of poverty and unemployment. This will also mitigate population drift and restiveness in the region and invariably assuage feelings of marginalization and its fallout. This paper critically evaluates the traditional livelihoods and their prospects in transforming the economy through international trade and tourism. The role of government in making proactive policies with supportive framework that will enable effective implementation is advocated. KEY WORDS: Enhancement, traditional livelihoods, oil economy and agriculture
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