5,176 research outputs found
Evaluating Mobility Pattern Space Routing for DTNs
Because a delay tolerant network (DTN) can often be partitioned, the problem
of routing is very challenging. However, routing benefits considerably if one
can take advantage of knowledge concerning node mobility. This paper addresses
this problem with a generic algorithm based on the use of a high-dimensional
Euclidean space, that we call MobySpace, constructed upon nodes' mobility
patterns. We provide here an analysis and the large scale evaluation of this
routing scheme in the context of ambient networking by replaying real mobility
traces. The specific MobySpace evaluated is based on the frequency of visit of
nodes for each possible location. We show that the MobySpace can achieve good
performance compared to that of the other algorithms we implemented, especially
when we perform routing on the nodes that have a high connection time. We
determine that the degree of homogeneity of mobility patterns of nodes has a
high impact on routing. And finally, we study the ability of nodes to learn
their own mobility patterns.Comment: IEEE INFOCOM 2006 preprin
Pervasive intelligent routing in content centric delay tolerant networks
This paper introduces a Swarm-Intelligence based Routing protocol (SIR) that aims to efficiently route information in content centric Delay Tolerant Networks (CCDTN) also dubbed pocket switched networks. First, this paper formalizes the notion of optimal path in CCDTN and introduces an original and efficient algorithm to process these paths in dynamic graphs. The properties and some invariant features of these optimal paths are analyzed and derived from several real traces. Then, this paper shows how optimal path in CCDTN can be found and used from a fully distributed swarm-intelligence based approach of which the global intelligent behavior (i.e. shortest path discovery and use) emerges from simple peer to peer interactions applied during opportunistic contacts. This leads to the definition of the SIR routing protocol of which the consistency, efficiency and performances are demonstrated from intensive representative simulations
Opportunistic routing and network coding in multi-hop wireless mesh networks
The rapid advancements in communication and networking technologies boost the capacity
of wireless networks. Multi-hop wireless networks are extremely exciting and rapidly
developing areas and have been receiving an increasing amount of attention by researchers.
Due to the limited transmission range of the nodes, end-to-end nodes may situate beyond
direct radio transmission ranges. Intermediate nodes are required to forward data in order
to enable the communication between nodes that are far apart. Routing in such networks
is a critical issue.
Opportunistic routing has been proposed to increase the network performance by utilizing
the broadcast nature of wireless media. Unlike traditional routing, the forwarder
in opportunistic routing broadcasts date packets before the selection of the next hop.
Therefore, opportunistic routing can consider multiple downstream nodes as potential
candidate nodes to forward data packets instead of using a dedicated next hop. Instead
of simply forwarding received packets, network coding allows intermediate nodes to combine
all received packets into one or more coded packets. It can further improve network
throughput by increasing the transmission robustness and efficiency. In this dissertation,
we will study the fundamental components, related issues and associated challenges about
opportunistic routing and network coding in multi-hop wireless networks.
Firstly, we focus on the performance analysis of opportunistic routing by the Discrete
Time Markov Chain (DTMC). Our study demonstrates how to map packet transmissions in the network with state transitions in a Markov chain. We will consider pipelined
data transfer and evaluate opportunistic routing in different wireless networks in terms
of expected number of transmissions and time slots.
Secondly, we will propose a regional forwarding schedule to optimize the coordination of
opportunistic routing. In our coordination algorithm, the forwarding schedule is limited
to the range of the transmitting node rather than among the entire set of forwarders.
With such an algorithm, our proposal can increase the throughput by deeper pipelined
transmissions.
Thirdly, we will propose a mechanism to support TCP with opportunistic routing and
network coding, which are rarely incorporated with TCP because the frequent occurrences
of out-of-order arrivals in opportunistic routing and long decoding delay in network coding
overpower TCP congestion control. Our solution completes the control feedback loop of
TCP by creating a bridge between the sender and the receiver. The simulation result
shows that our protocol significantly outperforms TCP/IP in terms of network throughput
in different topologies of wireless networks
A stateless opportunistic routing protocol for underwater sensor networks
Routing packets in Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) face different challenges, the most notable of which is perhaps how to deal with void communication areas. While this issue is not addressed in some underwater routing protocols, there exist some partially state-full protocols which can guarantee the delivery of packets using excessive communication overhead. However, there is no fully stateless underwater routing protocol, to the best of our knowledge, which can detect and bypass trapped nodes. A trapped node is a node which only leads packets to arrive finally at a void node. In this paper, we propose a Stateless Opportunistic Routing Protocol (SORP), in which the void and trapped nodes are locally detected in the different area of network topology to be excluded during the routing phase using a passive participation approach. SORP also uses a novel scheme to employ an adaptive forwarding area which can be resized and replaced according to the local density and placement of the candidate forwarding nodes to enhance the energy efficiency and reliability. We also make a theoretical analysis on the routing performance in case of considering the shadow zone and variable propagation delays. The results of our extensive simulation study indicate that SORP outperforms other protocols regarding the routing performance metrics
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