8,262 research outputs found
Phase Transition and Strong Predictability
The statistical mechanical interpretation of algorithmic information theory
(AIT, for short) was introduced and developed in our former work [K. Tadaki,
Local Proceedings of CiE 2008, pp.425-434, 2008], where we introduced the
notion of thermodynamic quantities into AIT. These quantities are real
functions of temperature T>0. The values of all the thermodynamic quantities
diverge when T exceeds 1. This phenomenon corresponds to phase transition in
statistical mechanics. In this paper we introduce the notion of strong
predictability for an infinite binary sequence and then apply it to the
partition function Z(T), which is one of the thermodynamic quantities in AIT.
We then reveal a new computational aspect of the phase transition in AIT by
showing the critical difference of the behavior of Z(T) between T=1 and T<1 in
terms of the strong predictability for the base-two expansion of Z(T).Comment: 5 pages, LaTeX2e, no figure
Intelligent flight control systems
The capabilities of flight control systems can be enhanced by designing them to emulate functions of natural intelligence. Intelligent control functions fall in three categories. Declarative actions involve decision-making, providing models for system monitoring, goal planning, and system/scenario identification. Procedural actions concern skilled behavior and have parallels in guidance, navigation, and adaptation. Reflexive actions are spontaneous, inner-loop responses for control and estimation. Intelligent flight control systems learn knowledge of the aircraft and its mission and adapt to changes in the flight environment. Cognitive models form an efficient basis for integrating 'outer-loop/inner-loop' control functions and for developing robust parallel-processing algorithms
CEAI: CCM based Email Authorship Identification Model
In this paper we present a model for email authorship identification (EAI) by
employing a Cluster-based Classification (CCM) technique. Traditionally,
stylometric features have been successfully employed in various authorship
analysis tasks; we extend the traditional feature-set to include some more
interesting and effective features for email authorship identification (e.g.
the last punctuation mark used in an email, the tendency of an author to use
capitalization at the start of an email, or the punctuation after a greeting or
farewell). We also included Info Gain feature selection based content features.
It is observed that the use of such features in the authorship identification
process has a positive impact on the accuracy of the authorship identification
task. We performed experiments to justify our arguments and compared the
results with other base line models. Experimental results reveal that the
proposed CCM-based email authorship identification model, along with the
proposed feature set, outperforms the state-of-the-art support vector machine
(SVM)-based models, as well as the models proposed by Iqbal et al. [1, 2]. The
proposed model attains an accuracy rate of 94% for 10 authors, 89% for 25
authors, and 81% for 50 authors, respectively on Enron dataset, while 89.5%
accuracy has been achieved on authors' constructed real email dataset. The
results on Enron dataset have been achieved on quite a large number of authors
as compared to the models proposed by Iqbal et al. [1, 2]
Quantum Biology
A critical assessment of the recent developments of molecular biology is
presented. The thesis that they do not lead to a conceptual understanding of
life and biological systems is defended. Maturana and Varela's concept of
autopoiesis is briefly sketched and its logical circularity avoided by
postulating the existence of underlying {\it living processes}, entailing
amplification from the microscopic to the macroscopic scale, with increasing
complexity in the passage from one scale to the other. Following such a line of
thought, the currently accepted model of condensed matter, which is based on
electrostatics and short-ranged forces, is criticized. It is suggested that the
correct interpretation of quantum dispersion forces (van der Waals, hydrogen
bonding, and so on) as quantum coherence effects hints at the necessity of
including long-ranged forces (or mechanisms for them) in condensed matter
theories of biological processes. Some quantum effects in biology are reviewed
and quantum mechanics is acknowledged as conceptually important to biology
since without it most (if not all) of the biological structures and signalling
processes would not even exist. Moreover, it is suggested that long-range
quantum coherent dynamics, including electron polarization, may be invoked to
explain signal amplification process in biological systems in general
Causal inference using the algorithmic Markov condition
Inferring the causal structure that links n observables is usually based upon
detecting statistical dependences and choosing simple graphs that make the
joint measure Markovian. Here we argue why causal inference is also possible
when only single observations are present.
We develop a theory how to generate causal graphs explaining similarities
between single objects. To this end, we replace the notion of conditional
stochastic independence in the causal Markov condition with the vanishing of
conditional algorithmic mutual information and describe the corresponding
causal inference rules.
We explain why a consistent reformulation of causal inference in terms of
algorithmic complexity implies a new inference principle that takes into
account also the complexity of conditional probability densities, making it
possible to select among Markov equivalent causal graphs. This insight provides
a theoretical foundation of a heuristic principle proposed in earlier work.
We also discuss how to replace Kolmogorov complexity with decidable
complexity criteria. This can be seen as an algorithmic analog of replacing the
empirically undecidable question of statistical independence with practical
independence tests that are based on implicit or explicit assumptions on the
underlying distribution.Comment: 16 figure
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