865 research outputs found

    Using RGB colour combination in coloured quick response (QR) code algorithm to enhance QR code capacity

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    A Quick Response (QR) Code is a two-dimensional barcode that stores characters and can be read by any smartphone camera. The QR code has the capability to encode various data formats and languages; nevertheless, existing black and white QR code offers limited data storage. Even though there exist research on coloured QR Code to increase the storage capacity, requirement for larger data capacity by end user keep increasing. Hence, this thesis proposes a coloured QR Code algorithm which utilizes RGB colour combination to allow a larger data storage. The proposed algorithm integrates the use of compression, multiplexing, and multilayer techniques in encoding and decoding the QR code. Furthermore, it also introduces a partial encoding/decoding algorithm that allows the stored data to be manipulated. The algorithm that includes encoding and decoding processes is based on the red, green, and blue (RGB) colour techniques, which are used to create high capacity coloured QR code. This is realised in the experiments that store American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) characters. The ASCII text characters are used as an input and performance is measured by the number of characters that can be stored in a single black and white QR code version 40 (i.e. the benchmark) and also the coloured QR code. Other experiment metrics include percentage of missing characters, number of produced QR code, and elapsed time to create the QR code. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm stores 29 times more characters than the black and white QR code and 9 times more than other coloured QR code. Hence, this shows that the coloured QR Code has the potential of becoming a useful mini-data storage as it does not rely on internet connection

    EtÀisyyden huomioiva kaksiulotteinen viivakoodi mobiilikÀyttötapauksiin

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    Global internet use is becoming increasingly mobile, and mobile data usage is growing exponentially. This puts increasing stress on the radio frequency spectrum that cellular and Wi-Fi networks use. As a consequence, research has also been conducted to develop wireless technologies for other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum – namely, visible light. One approach of using the visible light channel for wireless communication leverages barcodes. In this thesis, we propose a 2D barcode that can display different information based on the distance between the barcode and the scanner. Earlier research on distance-sensitive barcodes has focused on providing a closer viewer more information as a closer viewer can see more detail. In contrast, we target use cases where a clear physical separation between users of different roles can be made, such as presentation systems. We evaluate two methods of achieving distance-awareness: color-shifting of individual colors, where a color changes tone at longer distances, and color blending, where two colors blend into a third color at longer viewing distances. Our results show that a modern smartphone is capable of leveraging color-shifting in ideal conditions, but external changes such as ambient lighting render color-shifting unusable in practical scenarios. On the other hand, color blending is robust in varying indoor conditions and can be used to construct a reliable distance-aware barcode. Accordingly, we employ color blending to design a distance-aware barcode. We implement our solution in an off-the-shelf Android smartphone. Experimental results show that our scheme achieves a clear separation between close and far viewers. As a representative use case, we also implement a presentation system where a single barcode provides the presenter access to presentation tools and the audience access to auxiliary presentation material.Maailmanlaajuinen internetin kĂ€yttö muuttuu yhĂ€ liikkuvammaksi, ja mobiilidatan kĂ€yttö kasvaa eksponentiaalisesti. TĂ€mĂ€ kohdistaa yhĂ€ suurempia vaatimuksia radiotaajuusspektriin, jota mobiili- ja Wi-Fi-verkot kĂ€yttĂ€vĂ€t. NĂ€in ollen tutkijat ovat kehittĂ€neet langattomia teknologioita hyödyntĂ€en myös muita sĂ€hkömagneettisen spektrin osia – erityisesti nĂ€kyvÀÀ valoa. Yksi nĂ€kyvĂ€n valon sovellus langattomassa viestinnĂ€ssĂ€ ovat viivakoodit. TĂ€ssĂ€ työssĂ€ kehitĂ€mme kaksiulotteisen viivakoodin, joka pystyy vĂ€littĂ€mÀÀn eri tietoa katselijoille eri etĂ€isyyksillĂ€. Aiempi etĂ€isyyden huomioivien viivakoodien tutkimus on keskittynyt tarjoamaan lĂ€hellĂ€ olevalle katselijalle enemmĂ€n tietoa, koska lĂ€heinen katselija nĂ€kee viivakoodin tarkemmin. SitĂ€ vastoin me keskitymme kĂ€yttötapauksiin, joissa eri kĂ€yttĂ€jĂ€roolien vĂ€lillĂ€ on selkeĂ€ etĂ€isyydellinen ero, kuten esimerkiksi esitelmissĂ€ puhujan ja yleisön vĂ€lillĂ€. Tarkastelemme kahta menetelmÀÀ: yksittĂ€isten vĂ€rien muutoksia etĂ€isyyden muuttuessa ja kahden vĂ€rin sekoittumista etĂ€isyyden kasvaessa. Tulostemme perusteella nykyaikainen Ă€lypuhelin pystyy hyödyntĂ€mÀÀn yksittĂ€isten vĂ€rien muutoksia ihanteellisissa olosuhteissa, mutta ulkoiset tekijĂ€t, kuten ympĂ€ristön valaistus, aiheuttavat liian suuria vĂ€rimuutoksia kĂ€ytĂ€nnön kĂ€yttötapauksissa. Toisaalta vĂ€rien sekoittuminen on johdonmukaista muuttuvassa sisĂ€ympĂ€ristössĂ€ ja sitĂ€ voidaan kĂ€yttÀÀ luotettavan viivakoodin luomisessa. NĂ€in ollen me suunnittelemme etĂ€isyyden huomioivan viivakoodin hyödyntĂ€en vĂ€rien sekoittumista. Toteutamme ratkaisumme yleisesti saatavilla olevalle Android-Ă€lypuhelimelle. Kokeellisten tulostemme perusteella menetelmĂ€mme saavuttaa selkeĂ€n erottelun lĂ€heisten ja kaukaisten katselijoiden vĂ€lillĂ€. EsimerkkikĂ€yttötapauksena toteutamme myös esitelmĂ€jĂ€rjestelmĂ€n, jossa sama viivakoodi antaa lĂ€hellĂ€ olevalle puhujalle nopean pÀÀsyn esitystyökaluihin ja kauempana olevalle yleisölle pÀÀsyn esityksen apumateriaaliin

    A Review on Combined Techniques of Cryptography and Steganography using Color QR code

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    In the internet eras, where security is main concern and access to any service is quite easy, the issue of cyber security aimed at protecting customer data and thus this leads to creation of such a safe environment where user can be ensured of safety and security of all fields which aftereffect the usage of cryptography and steganography has increased. Cryptography encrypts a message so it cannot be understood while the Steganography hides the message inside a cover medium so that it?s concealed. In this paper we use color QR (Quick Response) Codes which are 2-dimensional bar codes that encode data or text strings and color QR code for increase QR code capacity. They are able to encode the information in both vertical and horizontal direction, thus able to encode more information, for secret communication we combine the concepts of Cryptography and Steganography and color QR codes. We use Cryptography side for encrypting the message by a color QR code encoder and thus creating a color QR code, whereas steganography hides the color QR code inside a cover image, after the encryption process, the color QR code image which has the original data is watermarked over a cover image using Spatial domain (LSB) and transform domain (DCT& DWT). In reverse, De-Watermarking extracts and decrypts the color QR coded data image from the Stego- image to recover the original image

    DeepLight: Robust and unobtrusive real-time screen-camera communication for real-world displays

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    National Research Foundation (NRF) Singapore under NRF Investigatorship gran

    ă‚čăƒžăƒŒăƒˆăƒ•ă‚©ăƒłă‚’ç”šă„ăŠèż‘è·é›ąă‹ă‚‰ăƒ‡ă‚Łă‚čăƒ—ăƒŹă‚€ăšăƒă‚€ăƒłăƒ†ă‚Łăƒłă‚°é€Łæșă™ă‚‹ăŸă‚ăźäžćŻèŠ–ARăƒžăƒŒă‚«

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    ć­Šäœăźçšźćˆ„: 俟棫University of Tokyo(東äșŹć€§ć­Š
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