640 research outputs found
Improving the vibration suppression capabilities of a magneto-rheological damper using hybrid active and semi-active control
This paper presents a new hybrid active & semi-active control method
for vibration suppression in flexible structures. The method uses a combination of a
semi-active device and an active control actuator situated elsewhere in the structure
to suppress vibrations. The key novelty is to use the hybrid controller to enable
the magneto-rheological damper to achieve a performance as close to a fully active
device as possible. This is achieved by ensuring that the active actuator can assist
the magneto-rheological damper in the regions where energy is required. In addition,
the hybrid active & semi-active controller is designed to minimize the switching of the
semi-active controller. The control framework used is the immersion and invariance
control technique in combination with sliding mode control. A two degree-of-freedom
system with lightly damped resonances is used as an example system. Both numerical
and experimental results are generated for this system, and then compared as part
of a validation study. The experimental system uses hardware-in-the-loop to simulate
the effect of both the degrees-of-freedom. The results show that the concept is viable
both numerically and experimentally, and improved vibration suppression results can
be obtained for the magneto-rheological damper that approach the performance of an
active device
Vibration Suppression in Flexible Structures using Hybrid Active and Semi-active Control
This thesis presents a new hybrid active and semi-active control method for vibration suppression in flexible structures. The method uses a combination of a semi-active device and an active control actuator situated elsewhere in the structure to suppress vibrations. The key novelty is to use the hybrid controller to enable the semi-active device to achieve a performance as close to a fully active device as possible. This is accomplished by ensuring that the active actuator can assist the semi-active device in the regions where energy is required. Also, the hybrid active and semi-active controller is designed to minimise the switching of the semi-active controller. The control framework used is the immersion and invariance control technique in combination with a sliding mode control. A two degree-of-freedom system with lightly damped resonances is used as an example system. Both numerical and experimental results are generated for this system and then compared as part of a validation study.
The experimental system uses hardware-in-the-loop simulation to simulate the effect of both the degrees-of-freedom. The results show that the concept is viable both
numerically and experimentally, and improved vibration suppression results can be obtained for the semi-active device that approaches the performance of an active device. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid controller, it is implemented to keep the contact force constant in the pantograph-catenary system of high-speed trains. A detailed derivation is given after which the simulation results are presented.
Then a method to design a reduced order observer using an invariant manifold approach is proposed. The main advantage of this approach is that it enables a systematic design approach, and (unlike most nonlinear observer design methods), it can be generalised over a larger class of nonlinear systems. The method uses specific mapping functions in a way that minimises the error dynamics close to zero. Another important aspect is the robustness property which is due to the manifold attractivity: an important feature when an observer is used in a closed loop control system. The observer design
is validated using both numerical simulations and hardware-in-the-loop testing. The proposed observer is then compared with a very well known nonlinear observer based on the off-line solution of the Riccati equation for systems with Lipschitz type nonlinearity. In all cases, the performance of the proposed observer is shown to be excellent
Probing embryonic tissue mechanics with laser hole-drilling
We use laser hole-drilling to assess the mechanics of an embryonic epithelium
during development - in vivo and with subcellular resolution. We ablate a
subcellular cylindrical hole clean through the epithelium, and track the
subsequent recoil of adjacent cells (on ms time scales). We investigate dorsal
closure in the fruit fly with emphasis on apical constriction of amnioserosa
cells. The mechanical behavior of this epithelium falls between that of a
continuous sheet and a 2D cellular foam (a network of tensile interfaces).
Tensile stress is carried both by cell-cell interfaces and by the cells' apical
actin networks. Our results show that stress is slightly concentrated along
interfaces (1.6-fold), but only in early closure. Furthermore, closure is
marked by a decrease in the recoil power-law exponent - implying a transition
to a more solid-like tissue. We use the site- and stage-dependence of the
recoil kinetics to constrain how the cellular mechanics change during closure.
We apply these results to test extant computational models.Comment: 23 pages with 9 figures (require color
Trends in Mathematical Imaging and Surface Processing
Motivated both by industrial applications and the challenge of new problems, one observes an increasing interest in the field of image and surface processing over the last years. It has become clear that even though the applications areas differ significantly the methodological overlap is enormous. Even if contributions to the field come from almost any discipline in mathematics, a major role is played by partial differential equations and in particular by geometric and variational modeling and by their numerical counterparts. The aim of the workshop was to gather a group of leading experts coming from mathematics, engineering and computer graphics to cover the main developments
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