8 research outputs found

    REGISTRATION OF OPTICAL AND SAR SATELLITE IMAGES BASED ON GEOMETRIC FEATURE TEMPLATES

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    Enhanced phase congruency feature-based image registration for multimodal remote sensing imagery

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    Multimodal image registration is an essential image processing task in remote sensing. Basically, multimodal image registration searches for optimal alignment between images captured by different sensors for the same scene to provide better visualization and more informative images. Manual image registration is a tedious task and requires more effort, hence developing an automated image registration is very crucial to provide a faster and reliable solution. However, image registration faces many challenges from the nature of remote sensing image, the environment, and the technical shortcoming of the current methods that cause three issues, namely intensive processing power, local intensity variation, and rotational distortion. Since not all image details are significant, relying on the salient features will be more efficient in terms of processing power. Thus, the feature-based registration method was adopted as an efficient method to avoid intensive processing. The proposed method resolves rotation distortion issue using Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB) to produce invariant rotation features. However, since it is not intensity invariant, it cannot support multimodal data. To overcome the intensity variations issue, Phase Congruence (PC) was integrated with ORB to introduce ORB-PC feature extraction to generate feature invariance to rotation distortion and local intensity variation. However, the solution is not complete since the ORB-PC matching rate is below the expectation. Enhanced ORB-PC was proposed to solve the matching issue by modifying the feature descriptor. While better feature matches were achieved, a high number of outliers from multimodal data makes the common outlier removal methods unsuccessful. Therefore, the Normalized Barycentric Coordinate System (NBCS) outlier removal was utilized to find precise matches even with a high number of outliers. The experiments were conducted to verify the registration qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative experiment shows the proposed method has a broader and better features distribution, while the quantitative evaluation indicates improved performance in terms of registration accuracy by 18% compared to the related works

    A Study on Image Registration between High Resolution Optical and SAR Images Using SAR-SIFT and DLSS

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ฑด์„คํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2018. 8. ๊น€์šฉ์ผ.์ตœ๊ทผ ์œ„์„ฑ์„ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํƒ‘์žฌํ•œ ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ด€์ธก์œ„์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๋‹ค์ค‘์„ผ์„œ ์œ„์„ฑ์˜์ƒ์„ ์œตํ•ฉ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ด‘ํ•™์˜์ƒ๊ณผ SAR์˜์ƒ์€ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒ์žฅ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€, ๊ฐ์ฒด ์ถ”์ถœ, ๋ณ€ํ™”ํƒ์ง€, ์žฌ๋‚œ์žฌํ•ด ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๋“ฑ ์›๊ฒฉํƒ์‚ฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์ž‘์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ์˜์ƒ ๊ฐ„ ์ •ํ•ฉ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๊ด‘ํ•™์˜์ƒ๊ณผ SAR์˜์ƒ์€ ์˜์ƒ ์ทจ๋“์‹œ ์œ„์„ฑ์„ผ์„œ ์ž์„ธ ๋ฐ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒ์žฅ๋Œ€์˜ ์ƒ์ดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐํ•˜ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„๊ด‘ ์ •๋ณด ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์ƒ ์ •ํ•ฉ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์œ ๋… ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋œ ๋„์‹ฌ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ค‘ยท์ €ํ•ด์ƒ๋„ ์˜์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง„๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋„์‹ฌ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„ ๊ด‘ํ•™์˜์ƒ๊ณผ SAR์˜์ƒ ๊ฐ„ ์ •ํ•ฉ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ด‘ํ•™์˜์ƒ๊ณผ SAR์˜์ƒ ๊ฐ„ ์ •ํ•ฉ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํŠน์ง•๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ •ํ•ฉ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ •ํ•ฉ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•๋„๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ •ํ•ฉ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ถ„๊ด‘ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์ƒ ๊ฐ„ ์ •ํ•ฉ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋‚˜, ์˜์ƒ ๊ฐ„ ์™œ๊ณก์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ์œ„์น˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋งŒ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„ ๊ด‘ํ•™์˜์ƒ๊ณผ SAR์˜์ƒ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์  ์™œ๊ณก์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ์˜์ƒ ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์‹ญm ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ์œ„์น˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„ ๊ด‘ํ•™์˜์ƒ๊ณผ SAR์˜์ƒ ๊ฐ„ ์ •ํ•ฉ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋„๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ •ํ•ฉ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๋ณด๋‹ค ํŠน์ง•๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ •ํ•ฉ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ์ค‘์ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ํŠน์ง•๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ •ํ•ฉ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ถ„๊ด‘ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด‘ํ•™์˜์ƒ๊ณผ SAR์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ์˜ค์ •ํ•ฉ์Œ์„ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •ํ•ฉ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๊ฐ•๋„๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ •ํ•ฉ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ํŠน์ง•๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ •ํ•ฉ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋„์‹ฌ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์› ํ˜•์ƒ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋ฐ€์ง‘์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠน์ง•๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ •ํ•ฉ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ธ SAR-SIFT ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ •ํ•ฉ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ธ DLSS ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ์ •ํ•ฉ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ •ํ•ฉ์Œ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„, ํ›„๋ณด ์ •ํ•ฉ์Œ ์ถ”์ถœ ๋‹จ๊ณ„, ์ •๋ฐ€ ์ •ํ•ฉ์Œ ์ถ”์ถœ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ธ ์ด ์„ธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„ ๊ด‘ํ•™์˜์ƒ๊ณผ SAR์˜์ƒ ๊ฐ„ ์ •ํ•ฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ, SAR-SIFT ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠน์ง•์ ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ถ”์ถœ๋œ ํŠน์ง•์ ์—์„œ DLSS ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •ํ•ฉ์Œ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์ถ”์ถœ๋œ ์ •ํ•ฉ์Œ์— ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ค์ •ํ•ฉ์Œ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์ถ”์ถœ๋œ ์ •ํ•ฉ์Œ์—์„œ ์ž„๊ณ„์น˜์™€ ํŠน์ง•์  ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€์œ„๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์™€ ํ›„๋ณด ์ •ํ•ฉ์Œ ์ถ”์ถœ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ›„๋ณด ์ •ํ•ฉ์Œ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ณ , ํ›„๋ณด ์ •ํ•ฉ์Œ์— RANSAC ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ฐ€ ์ •ํ•ฉ์Œ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ถœ๋œ ์ •๋ฐ€ ์ •ํ•ฉ์Œ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ดํ•€ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์‹(affine transformation)์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด‘ํ•™์˜์ƒ์— ์ •ํ•ฉ๋œ SAR์˜์ƒ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„ ๊ด‘ํ•™์˜์ƒ์ธ KOMPSAT-2์˜์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„ SAR์˜์ƒ์ธ TerraSAR-X, Cosmo-SkyMed์˜์ƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์‹œ๊ฐ์ , ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ชจ์ž์ดํฌ ์˜์ƒ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ์˜์ƒ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ์ฒด์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์ด ์œ ์ง€๋จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •ํ•ฉ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ˆ˜๋™ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ RMSE โ… ๊ณผ ๊ต์ฐจ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ RMSE โ…ก๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹คํ—˜์ง€์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด RMSE โ… ์€ 1.51m์—์„œ 2.04m, RMSE โ…ก๋Š” 1.34m์—์„œ 1.69m๋กœ ์ •ํ™•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”, ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ์ œ์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„ ๊ด‘ํ•™์˜์ƒ๊ณผ SAR์˜์ƒ ๊ฐ„ ์ •ํ•ฉ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ์˜์ƒ ๊ฐ„ ์œตํ•ฉ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ •ํ•ฉ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.1. ์„œ ๋ก  1 1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ 4 1.3 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 7 2. ํŠน์ง•์  ์ถ”์ถœ 10 2.1 ์˜์ƒ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ 10 2.2 SAR-SIFT ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์  ์ถ”์ถœ 11 2.2.1. SIFT ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  11 2.2.2. SAR-SIFT ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• 15 3. ์ •ํ•ฉ์Œ ์ถ”์ถœ 18 3.1 DLSS ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ •ํ•ฉ์Œ ์ถ”์ถœ 18 3.1.1. ํ˜•์ƒ ์„œ์ˆ ์ž LSS 19 3.1.2. ํ˜•์ƒ ์„œ์ˆ ์ž ๋ฒกํ„ฐ DLSS 21 3.1.3. DLSS ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  22 3.2 ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ •ํ•ฉ์Œ ์ถ”์ถœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 24 3.2.1. ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ 24 3.2.2. ํ›„๋ณด ์ •ํ•ฉ์Œ ์ถ”์ถœ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ 26 3.2.3. ์ •๋ฐ€ ์ •ํ•ฉ์Œ ์ถ”์ถœ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ 28 3.3 ์ •ํ•ฉ ๋ฐ ์ •ํ™•๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 29 3.3.1. ์–ดํ•€ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์‹ 29 3.3.2. ์ •ํ™•๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 31 4. ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 32 4.1 ์‹คํ—˜์ง€์—ญ ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ 32 4.2 ํŠน์ง•์  ์ถ”์ถœ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 35 4.2.1. SIFT ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์  ์ถ”์ถœ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 35 4.2.2. SAR-SIFT ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์  ์ถ”์ถœ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 37 4.3 ์ •ํ•ฉ์Œ ์ถ”์ถœ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 40 4.3.1. ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ •ํ•ฉ์Œ ์ถ”์ถœ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 40 4.3.2. ์ œ์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ •ํ•ฉ์Œ ์ถ”์ถœ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 44 4.4 ์ •ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 49 5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  55 Abstract 67Maste

    Computer aided detection of defects in FRP bridge decks using infrared thermography

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    The objective of this research is to develop a turn-key system that is able to interface with the FLIR ThermaCAM S60 infrared camera and automatically capture and analyze defects in infrared images of FRP bridge decks. Infrared thermography is one of the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques that are being used to locate defects (debonds and delaminations) in bridge components. It is a rapid data collection and interpretation technique having high sensitivity and reliability. Analysis of infrared images by human interpretation is dependent on the users knowledge and hence introduces ambiguity in the defect detection process.;This thesis investigates the use of an automated defect detection system to locate defects in infrared images of FRP bridge decks to eliminate/reduce human intervention. Air-filled and water-filled debonds were inserted between the wearing surface and the underlying FRP deck. Also, simulated subsurface delaminations (of various sizes and thickness) were created at the flange-to-flange junction between two FRP deck modules. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

    Reports to the President

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    A compilation of annual reports for the 1985-1986 academic year, including a report from the President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, as well as reports from the academic and administrative units of the Institute. The reports outline the year's goals, accomplishments, honors and awards, and future plans

    Reports to the President

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    A compilation of annual reports for the 1986-1987 academic year, including a report from the President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, as well as reports from the academic and administrative units of the Institute. The reports outline the year's goals, accomplishments, honors and awards, and future plans

    Housing quality and lost (public) space in Croatia

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    IN ENGLISH: In the post-socialist period and within the current social transition context, urban and rural Croatia has, just like other transition countries, experienced many changes in the social structure and space. One example is the housing quality which is a replica of the situation in the Croatian society and has also undergone some major changes. Socially oriented housing construction co-financed by the state and the cities is in an unfavourable position compared to private housing construction. In the last twenty years the amount of the social housing construction has been only a minor part of the total contruction work in the country. For instance, out of nine newly planned residential housing developments in Zagreb, the capital city, only three have been completed and the work on the rest of them has stopped and is unlikely to continue. Private construction work prevails especially on the edge of the city and is characterised by high density housing. This type of housing construction doesn't benefit the majority of citizens in search of accommodation (price per square meter is too high, low-quality building). There is also a big problem of the community facilities (primary and secondary infrastructure, schools, kindergartens, playgrounds, green areas, sidewalks, public transport etc.). The existing globalisation-transition circumstances of the Croatian society corroborate the fact which experts of various profiles often point out: ignoring the process of (urban) planning will irreparably damage the space. The city transformation shows the absence of comprehensive urban planning which results in an ever increasing number of random buildings which do not fit in the surroundings. This leads up to yet another important issue โ€“ the shrinking and, in some cases, disappearance of public space which becomes the โ€œlost spaceโ€œ. In recent years there has been a lot of building in the city core and on the edge which does not quite fit in the existing urban structure, image or the skyline of the city. The current situation in the process of planning can be characterized as a conflict and imbalance between the powerful actors (mostly political and economic) and less powerful actors (mostly professional and civil). The actors who have the political power and influence and the ones who possess the capital are forming an โ€œallianceโ€ between two important layers of the social structure. The lack of civil and professional actors, โ€œlost spatial actorsโ€, and therefore of civic aggregation is also present and that is also the cause of public space โ€œdisappearanceโ€ and undermined process of public participation. --------------- IN CROATIAN: U postsocijalistiฤkom razdoblju i trenutnom tranzicijskom kontekstu urbana i ruralna Hrvatska su, kao i ostale tranzicijske zemlje, doลพivjele mnoge promjene u druลกtvenoj strukturi i samom prostoru. Na primjeru kvalitete stanovanja kao replike stanja u hrvatskom druลกtvu mogu se vidjeti znaฤajne promjene. Druลกtveno usmjerena stambena izgradnja sufinancirana od strane drลพave i gradova je stoga rjeฤ‘a i u nepovoljnijoj je situaciji prema privatnoj stanogradnji. Zadnjih dvadeset godina udjel socijalne stambene gradnje je zanemariv u ukupnoj izgradnji na razini zemlje. Primjerice, od devet planiranih stambenih naselja izgraฤ‘enih po modelu POS-a u Zagrebu samo su tri i zavrลกena. Na ostalima je proces gradnje zastao i ne ฤini se da ฤ‡e se privesti kraju. Privatna je gradnje prisutnija, posebno na rubovima grada, a obiljeลพava je visoka gustoฤ‡a gradnje. Ovakav tip gradnje ne odgovara veฤ‡ini stanovnika koji su u procesu potraลพnje stambene nekretnine (visoka cijena kvadratnog metra, a slaba kvaliteta gradnje). Postoji takoฤ‘er i problem nedostatne opremljenosti susjedstva (primarna i sekundarna infrastruktura, ลกkole, vrtiฤ‡i, igraliลกta, zelene povrลกine, pjeลกaฤke staze, javni transport itd.). Navedene globalizacijsko-tranzicijske okolnosti hrvatskog druลกtva potvrฤ‘uju ono ลกto eksperti razliฤitih profila istiฤu, a to je da ฤ‡e ignoriranje procesa (urbanog) planiranja nepovratno uniลกtiti prostor gradova. Ovakve transformacije pokazuju nedostatak sustavnog urbanog planiranja ลกto rezultira sve veฤ‡im brojem zgrada koje se ne uklapaju u neposrednu okolinu. To nadalje dovodi do drugog vaลพnog aspekta โ€“ smanjivanja i u nekim sluฤajevima, nestanka javnog prostora koji postaje โ€žizgubljeni prostorโ€œ. Posljednjih je godina izgraฤ‘en velik broj zgrada, i u srediลกtu i na rubovima grada, koje se ne uklapaju u postojeฤ‡u urbanu strukturu, izgled ili vizuru grada. Ovakvu situaciju obiljeลพavaju sukob i neravnoteลพa izmeฤ‘u moฤ‡nijih druลกtvenih aktera (veฤ‡inom politiฤkih i ekonomskih) i onih manje moฤ‡nih (veฤ‡inom profesionalnih i civilnih). Politiฤki i ekonomski akteri se ฤesto povezuju u โ€žsavezโ€œ dvaju najjaฤih u druลกtvenoj strukturi. S druge strane nedostatak utjecaja civilnih i profesionalnih aktera kao โ€žizgubljenih prostornih akteraโ€œ dovodi do โ€žnestankaโ€œ javnih prostora te smanjenja vaลพnosti procesa participacije (sudjelovanja javnosti)
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