The 2018 Winter Olympics: A Showcase of Technological Advancement

The 2018 Olympic Winter Games in Pyeongchang was a showcase of South Korea’s technological advancements and sophistication. Sponsors such as Intel, KT, and Samsung demonstrated some record-breaking achievements during the games, and viewers and athletes alike experienced some of the most advanced and sophisticated uses of a wide range of technologies

Broadbandmatters.com: Recommended Broadband New for Around the Web, February 26, 2018

Weekly newsletter produced by the Iowa Communications Network Department. This newsletter includes information about all of the different matters that are going on in the state of Iowa

Implications of Pop Cultural Diplomacy: An Analysis of Idol-State Interactions

This paper uses media coverage of idol-state interactions to understand the ways in which states utilize pop culture as a component of their public diplomacy strategy. Idol-state interactions are defined as an event where a pop cultural figure accompanies or is accompanied by a state official to a formal meeting with a representative of a foreign government. Looking specifically at South Korean diplomatic events where K-Pop idols are present, I find that idol-state interactions have the potential to increase media coverage, further cultural understanding and serve as a relationship-building tool

Re-presenting China in Digital Immersive Art: Virtual Reality, Imaginaries, and Cultural Presence

The thesis explores how digital technology, in particular virtual reality and augmented reality, is playing a role in China’s rejuvenation, especially in relation to cultural displays, performances, and art exhibitions. This project examines how audiences, both in China and globally, respond to ‘Digital China’, a concept describing how people’s everyday lives in China are becoming superconnected by digital technology. Qualitative methodology with a multi-perspectival approach is applied to advance the aim of the project

인공지능을 이용한 알고리즘 기반의 시스템과 사용자의 인터랙션에 대한 이해

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 융합과학기술대학원 융합과학부(디지털정보융합전공), 2019. 2. 서봉원.컴퓨팅 파워의 개선, 인터넷과 소셜미디어, 모바일 디바이스 등의 보급을 통한 수많은 데이터의 축적, 딥러닝을 비롯한 기계학습 알고리즘의 발전으로 인공지능 기술이 어느때보다 더욱 큰 성과를 보이고 있다. 음성 인식, 컴퓨터 비전, 자연어 처리 등의 분야에서 인공지능은 이미 인간에 필적하거나 혹은 인간을 뛰어넘는 성능을 보이고 있으며, 자율주행, 로봇, 의료서비스 등의 다양한 분야에 적용되어 우리의 삶에 많은 변화를 가져올 것으로 기대된다. 하지만 알고리즘 측면에서의 기술적인 발전에 비해 인공지능의 인간공학적 요소와 사용자 경험에 대한 관심과 논의가 상대적으로 부족한 편이다. 이에 이 연구는 인간컴퓨터상호작용의 관점에서 인공지능과 사용자가 상호작용 하는 방식에 대해 다층적이고 통합적으로 이해하는 것을 목표로 하고 이를 통해 인공지능 기반의 사용자 인터페이스 디자인을 위한 함의점을 도출하는 것을 목표로 한다. 특히 이 논문은 인공지능 기술을 이용한 알고리즘 기반의 시스템과 사용자의 상호작용에 주목하고, 이를 대상으로 인지, 해석 및 평가, 지속적인 인터랙션, 실용적인 어플리케이션을 주제로 한 네 단계의 연구를 기획하고 진행하였다. 첫번째 연구는 인공지능 알고리즘에 대한 사람들의 선험적 인식을 조사하였다. 연령과 성별, 직업의 다양성을 고려하여 인구통계학적 대표성을 갖는 참가자를 모집하였으며, 이들을 대상으로 인공지능 인식에 대한 정성적 방식의 조사를 진행하였다. 조사 결과 사람들이 인공지능 알고리즘에 대해 갖는 선입견과 고정관념을 확인할 수 있었으며, 사람들이 인공지능을 의인화 할 뿐만 아니라 타자화 하는 경향이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 인공지능 알고리즘과 사용자의 관계에서 지속적이고 전체적인 경험이 중요함을 확인하였다. 두번째 연구는 인공지능 알고리즘에 대한 사용자의 해석과 평가에 관한 것이다. 이를 위해 이미지의 미적 점수를 계산해주는 신경망 기반의 알고리즘이 구현된 AI Mirror라는 연구 프로토타입을 제작하였으며, 인공지능/기계학습 분야의 전문가, 사진전문가, 일반인으로 구분된 세 집단의 사용자를 모집하여 실험을 진행하였다. 사용자는 저마다 다른 배경 지식을 반영해 인공지능 알고리즘을 해석하고 평가하는 경향을 보였다. 사진전문가 집단이 알고리즘을 가장 높은 정도로 해석하였으며 합리적이라고 여긴 반면, 인공지능/기계학습 전문가 집단은 가장 낮은 정도로 알고리즘을 해석하고 평가했다. 사용자는 다양한 전략을 통해 인공지능 알고리즘의 원리를 추론하고자 하였으며 이를 통해 인공지능 알고리즘과의 차이를 좁혀갈 수 있었다. 또한 사용자는 인공지능 알고리즘과 쌍방 소통을 통해 의견을 교환하고자 하는 니즈를 표출하였다. 세번째 연구는 인공지능 알고리즘과 사용자가 공동의 목표를 두고 지속적인 인터랙션을 이어가는 과정에 대한 이해를 목표로 하였다. 사용자가 일부 그린 물체를 완성하고 스케치에 색칠을 자동으로 완성해주는 신경망 기반의 알고리즘 API를 이용하여 DuetDraw라는 리서치 프로토타입을 제작하였고, 정량 및 정성적 방법으로 이에 대한 사용자 평가를 진행하였다. 사용자 평가 결과 사용자는 인공지능 알고리즘과의 협업 과정에서 인공지능으로부터 단순한 피드백 보다는 자세한 설명을 제공받기를 원했으며, 알고리즘과의 관계에서 항상 주도적인 위치에 있고자 하였다. 인공지능과의 인터랙션은 과업 수행에 대한 사용자의 예측가능성, 이해도, 통제력을 낮추는 경항이 있었지만, 사용자에게 상대적으로 높은 사용성을 제공하였을 뿐만 아니라 사용자가 전반적으로 만족스러운 경험을 할 수 있도록 하였다. 끝으로, 네번째 연구는 보다 실용적인 어플리케이션을 제작하여 이에 대한 사용자 인터랙션을 이해하고자 하였으며, 이에 최근 큰 각광을 받고 있는 로봇저널리즘 기술을 구현한 NewsRobot을 제작하였다. NewsRobot은 2018 평창동계올림픽의 주요 경기 결과를 자동으로 수집하고 요약하며, 내용과 형식을 각각 종합뉴스-선택뉴스, 텍스트-카드-동영상으로 달리하여 뉴스를 생성한다. 정량 및 정성적 방법의 사용자 평가 결과, 선택뉴스가 종합뉴스에 비해 낮은 신뢰도를 보였음에도 불구하고 선택뉴스에 대한 사용자의 높은 선호도를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 멀티미디어 모달리티가 높아질수록 사용자의 뉴스에 대한 만족도가 높아지지만 사용자의 기대수준에 어긋난 경우 오히려 낮은 평가를 받는 것을 확인하였다. 사용자는 알고리즘이 자동으로 생성한 뉴스에 대해 정확하고 객관적이라고 평가하였으며, 빠른 뉴스 생성 속도와 다양한 정보 시각화 요소에 대해서도 만족감을 드러냈다. 본 연구는 이 네 가지 연구의 결과들을 바탕으로 인간-인공지능 상호작용에 대한 다양한 시사점들을 도출하였으며, 인공지능을 이용한 알고리즘 기반의 시스템의 사용자 인터페이스 디자인을 위한 함의점들을 제안한다.The recent development of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms is affecting our daily lives in numerous areas. Moreover, AI is expected to evolve rapidly, bringing tremendous economic value. However, compared to the attention these technological improvements receive, there is relatively little discussion on human factors and user experience related to AI algorithms. Thus, this thesis aims to better understand how users interact with AI algorithms. Specifically, this work examined algorithm-based human–AI interaction in four stages, through various modes of human-computer interaction: The first study investigated how people perceive algorithm-based systems using AI, finding that people tend to anthropomorphize as well as alienate them, which is distinct from their perceptions of computers. The second study investigated how people interpret and evaluate the output from AI algorithms through a prototype, AI Mirror, which assigned aesthetic scores to images based on a neural network algorithm. The results revealed that people interpret AI algorithms differently based on their backgrounds, and that they want to understand and communicate with AI systems. The third study investigated how people build a sequence of actions with AI algorithms through a mixed method study using a research prototype called DuetDraw, a drawing tool in which users and AI can draw pictures together. The results showed that people want to lead collaborations while hoping to get appropriate instructions from the AI algorithm. Lastly, a case study on a practical application of AI was conducted with a research prototype called NewsRobot, which automatically generated news articles with different content and styles. Findings showed that users prefer selective news and multimedia news that have more functionality and modality, but at the same time they do not want AI to boast about its ability. With these distinct but intertwined studies, this thesis argues the importance of understanding human factors in the user interfaces of AI-based systems and suggests design principles to this end.1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Research Goal 10 1.3 Research Questions 11 1.4 How People Perceive Algorithm-based Systems Using Artificial Intelligence 12 1.5 How People Interpret and Evaluate Algorithm-based Systems Using Artificial Intelligence 13 1.6 How People Build Sequential Actions with Algorithm-Based Systems Using Artificial Intelligence 15 1.7 How People Use a Practical Application of an Algorithm-based Systems Using Artificial Intelligence 17 1.8 Thesis Statement 18 1.9 Contributions 18 1.10 Thesis Overview 20 2 RELATED WORK 22 2.1 Human Perception of AI Algorithms 22 2.1.1 Technophobia 22 2.1.2 Anthropomorphism 23 2.2 Users Interpretation and Evaluation of AI Algorithms 24 2.2.1 Interpretability of Algorithms and Users Concerns 24 2.2.2 Sense-making and Gap between Users and AI algorithms 25 2.2.3 User Control in Intelligent Systems 26 2.3 How People Build Sequential Actions with AI Algorithms 26 2.3.1 AI, Deep Learning, and New UX in Creative Works 27 2.3.2 Communication and Leadership among Users and AI 28 2.4 Practical Design of Algorithm-based Systems Using AI 29 2.4.1 Automated Journalism 30 2.4.2 Personalization of News Content 31 2.4.3 Effect of Multimedia Modality on User Experience 32 3 HOW PEOPLE PERCEIVE ALGORITHM-BASED SYSTEMS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 33 3.1 Motivation 34 3.2 Google DeepMind Challenge Match 36 3.3 Methodology 38 3.3.1 Participant Recruitment 38 3.3.2 Interview Process 39 3.3.3 Interview Analysis 40 3.4 Findings 41 3.4.1 Preconceptions about Artificial Intelligence 41 3.4.2 Confrontation: Us vs. Artificial Intelligence 43 3.4.3 Anthropomorphizing AlphaGo 47 3.4.4 Alienating AlphaGo 49 3.4.5 Concerns about the Future of AI 52 3.5 Limitations 55 3.6 Summary 56 4 HOW PEOPLE INTERPRET AND EVALUATE ALGORITHM-BASED SYSTEMS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 57 4.1 Motivation 58 4.2 AI Mirror 60 4.2.1 Design Goal 60 4.2.2 Image Assessment Algorithm 61 4.2.3 Design of User Interface 61 4.3 Study Design 62 4.3.1 Participant Recruitment 63 4.3.2 Experimental Settings 64 4.3.3 Procedure 65 4.3.4 Analysis Methods 66 4.4 Result 1: Quantitative Analysis 67 4.4.1 Difference 68 4.4.2 Interpretability 69 4.4.3 Reasonability 70 4.5 Result 2: Qualitative Analysis 71 4.5.1 People Understand AI Based on What They Know 71 4.5.2 People Reduce Difference Using Various Strategies 73 4.5.3 People Want to Actively Communicate with AI 76 4.6 Limitations 78 4.7 Conclusion 78 5 HOW PEOPLE BUILD SEQUENTIAL ACTIONS WITH ALGORITHM-BASED SYSTEMS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 80 5.1 Motivation 81 5.2 Duet Draw 84 5.2.1 Five AI Functions of DuetDraw 84 5.2.2 Initiative and Communication Styles of DuetDraw 85 5.3 Study Design 86 5.3.1 Participants 87 5.3.2 Tasks and Procedures 87 5.3.3 Drawing Scenarios 88 5.3.4 Survey 89 5.3.5 Think-aloud and Interview 89 5.3.6 Analysis Methods 90 5.4 Result 1: Quantitative Analysis 92 5.4.1 Detailed Instruction is Preferred over Basic Instruction 93 5.4.2 UX Could Be Worse with Lead-Basic than Assist-Detailed 94 5.4.3 AI is Fun, Useful, Effective, and Efficient 94 5.4.4 No-AI is more Predictable, Comprehensible, and Controllable 95 5.4.5 Even if Predictability is Low, Fun and Interest Can Increase 96 5.5 Result 2: Qualitative Analysis 96 5.5.1 Just Enough Instruction 97 5.5.2 Users Always Want to Lead 99 5.5.3 AI is Similar to Humans But Unpredictable 101 5.5.4 Co-Creation with AI 102 5.6 Limitations 105 5.7 Conclusion 105 6 HOW PEOPLE USE A PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF AN ALGORITHM-BASED SYSTEM USIGN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 107 6.1 Motivation 108 6.2 News Robot 110 6.2.1 Selecting Main Event and Data Source 111 6.2.2 Designing News Article Structure 113 6.2.3 Content and Style 113 6.2.4 Generating News Articles 115 6.2.5 Designing NewsRobot User Interface 116 6.3 Study Design 117 6.3.1 Participants 117 6.3.2 Procedures 118 6.3.3 Analysis Methods 119 6.4 Results 1: Quantitative Analysis 120 6.4.1 Selective News Is Less Credible 120 6.4.2 Users Like Both Multimedia and Personalization 121 6.4.3 Quality of Video Is Not Rated Highest 122 6.4.4 NewsRobot Is Accurate but Not Sensational 123 6.5 Results 2: Qualitative Analysis 124 6.5.1 Users Evaluate NewsRobot Features Highly 124 6.5.2 NewsRobot Is Unbiased but Predictable 127 6.5.3 Benefits and Drawbacks of Using Multimedia 128 6.6 Limitations 130 6.7 Conclusion 130 7 DISCUSSION 131 7.1 Human Perception of AI Algorithms 131 7.1.1 Cognitive Dissonance 131 7.1.2 Beyond Technophobia 132 7.1.3 Toward a New Chapter in Human-Computer Interaction 134 7.1.4 Coping with the Potential Danger 135 7.2 Users Interpretation and Evaluation of AI Algorithms 135 7.2.1 Integrate Diverse Expertise and User Perspectives 136 7.2.2 Take Advantage of Peoples Curiosity about AI Principles 137 7.2.3 Provide AI and Users with Mutual Communication 138 7.3 How People Build Sequential Actions with AI Algorithms 139 7.3.1 Let the User Take the Initiative 140 7.3.2 Provide Just Enough Instruction 140 7.3.3 Embed Interesting Elements in the Interaction 141 7.3.4 Ensure Balance 142 7.4 Practical Design of Algorithm-based Systems Using AI 142 7.4.1 Provide Selective news with Adaptable Interface 142 7.4.2 Present Various Multimedia Elements but Not Too Many 144 7.4.3 Importance of Quality Data and Algorithm Refinement 145 7.5 Principles 146 8 CONCLUSION 148 8.1 Summary of Contributions 149 8.2 Future Directions 150 Bibliography 153 논문초록 173 감사의 글 176Docto

A collisionless singular cucker-smale model with decentralized formation control

We address the design of decentralized feedback control laws inducing consensus and prescribed spatial patterns over a singular interacting particle system of Cucker-Smale type. The control design consists of a feedback term regulating the distance between each agent and pre-assigned subset of neighbours. Such a design represents a multidimensional extension of existing control laws for 1d platoon formation control. For the proposed controller we study consensus emergence, collision-avoidance and formation control features in terms of energy estimates for the closed-loop system. Numerical experiments in 1, 2 and 3 dimensions assess the different features of the proposed design. 1. Introduction. Multi-agent systems (MAS) provide a versatile framework for modelling different challenges arising in Science and Engineering, such as collective animal and human behaviour [46, 47], dynamic networks [39], and autonomous vehicles [5], among many others. From a mathematical viewpoint, MAS are often modelled as large-scale dynamical systems where each agent is represented by a subset of states which are updated via "physical" interaction rules [27, 25] (attraction, repulsion, alignment, synchronization etc.), or by means of a control/game framework [34, 29]. In this work, we are concerned with the design of dynamic interactions and external control laws for nonlinear MAS representing the physical motion of a swarm of agents. Our mathematical modelling is inspired by animal collective dynamics, where large populations of birds and fish normally exhibit self-organization behaviour such as flocking, swarming, milling, and alignment. Other remarkable examples are linked to pedestrian behaviour and to platoons of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In particular, we are interested in prescribing nonlinear dynamics for the MAS leading to self-organized flocking and trajectories with collision-avoidance features, the latter being a fundamental aspect for a realistic model. The emergence of collision-less flocking behaviour, understood as a configuration in which agents travel with the same constant velocity, is already a complex dynamic equilibrium of interest on its own right. However, a flocking regime does not provide a complete account of the spatial configuration of the swarm, thus limiting its practical interest for applications, such as pedestrian modelling and UAV control. Hence, it is desirable to endow the MAS dynamics with additional forcing terms which can also induce the formation of a given spatial configuration. In this paper, we propose a dynamical MAS model including collisionless flocking, together with a control law inducing a given spatia

The Sword, February 2018

Contents Front Matter Letter From the Editor News AI Writers and the Future of Journalism Faculty Spotlight: Dr. Michele Pickel - Stable-izing Literacy Skills with the Help of Horses Club Spotlight: Solus Christus Overcoming the Winter Blues The Effects of Allianz Field on St. Paul\u27s Midway Emotional Support Animals Fight for their Rights Minnesota: Sex Trafficking Hub Opinion American Bridges are Falling Down: Why Over 50,000 American Bridges are Falling Apart From the Classroom to the Grocery Store A Need for Required World Religions and Cultures Courses Mindfulness in the Workplace I\u27m This and You\u27re That Identity: Why You Should Be Proud of Yours and Respectful of Others\u27 The Anti of the Anti-Vaxx Movement Jeff Sessions and Living the Nixon-Era Relic: Revamping the War on Drugs Sports A Family Affair Men\u27s Basketball Team Shows Flashes at the End of the Season A Team Led by Faith Women\u27s Basketball Update CSP Track and Field: Broken Records and High Hopes Leading into Conference Championships Male Athlete of the Month: Bryndan Matthews CSP Takes on the Super Bowl Female Athlete of the Month: Kalle Burney 2018 Winter Olympics Preview Golden Bears Baseball to Start Season at U.S. Bank Stadium and Tucson Invite Media Row: The Sword Takes on the Super Bowl Arts and Variety Dance Spotlight: Jennifer Thao Food Review: Hai-Hai, A Tropical Vietnamese Food Getaway Mary Shelley\u27s Frankenstein: A 200th Anniversary Review Art in the Cities: From Frame to Film Music Review: Justin Timberlake\u27s Man of the Woods Movie Review: The Post The Subjectivity of Art as Exposed by the Work of John Martin Bell John Martin Bell\u27s Take on His Artwork and Creative Process 10th Annual Invitational Choral Concert Recap Top 3 Coffee Shops for Studying: Where Coffee and Studying Always Go Hand in Hand Artist Spotlight: Cornel Beard - On the Value of Collective Knowledge Writer Spotlight: Josiah Osiem