Production, characterization and biological evaluation of nanocapsules containing tricresol formalin and their comparison with the free form

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Tricresol formalin is composed of 90% formaldehyde and 10% cresols, highly volatile, has action at a distance, has been used in endodontics since the 20th century, and it remains widely used in Brazil in dental treatments, in necrotic teeth and with periapical lesions. However, there is still controversy regarding the biological compatibility under the conditions of clinical use of this drug, as the studies carried out on this substance and its components are not consistent with its clinical use. Formaldehyde is reported as a potential cytotoxic substance, because when in direct contact with cells it is responsible for a cytogenotoxic response, so an alternative to increase stability and ensure the safe administration of this compound in direct contact with cells would be nanoencapsulation. The use of nanomaterials provides numerous advantages, as the main interests are increased solubility and drug release control. Study objective: This study aimed to produce and characterize nanocapsules containing tricresol formalin as active, evaluating and comparing the in vitro cytotoxic effect of free and nanostructured forms.Materials and methods: a nanoparticle was produced, optimization of the preparation method and characterization of nanocapsules containing tricresol formalin. Were performed antimicrobiological tests, tests for cell viability through the tetrazolium method assay (MTT), free radical production, double strand DNA damage, and nitric oxide production. Results: The formulation used did not show toxic behavior against human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and showed a significant reduction in the toxicity of tricresol formalin in human fibroblast cells. The nanostructures showed values ​​similar to the free form for antimicrobial activity. The nanoparticles showed mean particle size of 192.3 ± 2.5 nm, PDI of 0.101 ± 0.013, zeta potencial of -17.7 ± 2.8 mV, and pH of 5.48 ± 0.3. Conclusion: Thus, it is evident that nanocapsules containing tricresol formalin can become a safer alternative for use within endodontics

Applications of plasma-liquid systems : a review

Plasma-liquid systems have attracted increasing attention in recent years, owing to their high potential in material processing and nanoscience, environmental remediation, sterilization, biomedicine, and food applications. Due to the multidisciplinary character of this scientific field and due to its broad range of established and promising applications, an updated overview is required, addressing the various applications of plasma-liquid systems till now. In the present review, after a brief historical introduction on this important research field, the authors aimed to bring together a wide range of applications of plasma-liquid systems, including nanomaterial processing, water analytical chemistry, water purification, plasma sterilization, plasma medicine, food preservation and agricultural processing, power transformers for high voltage switching, and polymer solution treatment. Although the general understanding of plasma-liquid interactions and their applications has grown significantly in recent decades, it is aimed here to give an updated overview on the possible applications of plasma-liquid systems. This review can be used as a guide for researchers from different fields to gain insight in the history and state-of-the-art of plasma-liquid interactions and to obtain an overview on the acquired knowledge in this field up to now

Moxidectin: an oral treatment for human onchocerciasis

Moxidectin is a milbemycin endectocide recently approved for the treatment of human onchocerciasis. Onchocerciasis, earmarked for elimination of transmission, is a filarial infection endemic in Africa, Yemen, and the Amazonian focus straddling Venezuela and Brazil. Concerns over whether the predominant treatment strategy (yearly mass drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin) is sufficient to achieve elimination in all endemic foci have refocussed attention upon alternative treatments. Moxidectin’s stronger and longer microfilarial suppression compared to ivermectin in both phase II and III clinical trials indicates its potential as a novel powerful drug for onchocerciasis elimination

Technology Assessment and Roadmap for the Emergency Radiation Dose Assessment Program

A Joint Interagency Working Group (JIWG) under the auspices of the Department of Homeland Security Office of Research and Development conducted a technology assessment of emergency radiological dose assessment capabilities as part of the overall need for rapid emergency medical response in the event of a radiological terrorist event in the United States. The goal of the evaluation is to identify gaps and recommend general research and development needs to better prepare the Country for mitigating the effects of such an event. Given the capabilities and roles for responding to a radiological event extend across many agencies, a consensus of gaps and suggested development plans was a major goal of this evaluation and road-mapping effort. The working group consisted of experts representing the Departments of Homeland Security, Health and Human Services (Centers for Disease Control and the National Institutes of Health), Food and Drug Administration, Department of Defense and the Department of Energy's National Laboratories (see appendix A for participants). The specific goals of this Technology Assessment and Roadmap were to: (1) Describe the general context for deployment of emergency radiation dose assessment tools following terrorist use of a radiological or nuclear device; (2) Assess current and emerging dose assessment technologies; and (3) Put forward a consensus high-level technology roadmap for interagency research and development in this area. This report provides a summary of the consensus of needs, gaps and recommendations for a research program in the area of radiation dosimetry for early response, followed by a summary of the technologies available and on the near-term horizon. We then present a roadmap for a research program to bring present and emerging near-term technologies to bear on the gaps in radiation dose assessment and triage. Finally we present detailed supporting discussion on the nature of the threats we considered, the status of technology today, promising emerging technologies and references for further reading

EJP-CONCERT. D3.7 Second joint roadmap for radiation protection research

EJP-CONCERT Work Package 3, Deliverable 3.7

Bioprinting and biomaterials for dental alveolar tissue regeneration

Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a powerful tool, that was recently applied to tissue engineering. This technique allows the precise deposition of cells encapsulated in supportive bioinks to fabricate complex scaffolds, which are used to repair targeted tissues. Here, we review the recent developments in the application of 3D bioprinting to dental tissue engineering. These tissues, including teeth, periodontal ligament, alveolar bones, and dental pulp, present cell types and mechanical properties with great heterogeneity, which is challenging to reproduce in vitro. After highlighting the different bioprinting methods used in regenerative dentistry, we reviewed the great variety of bioink formulations and their effects on cells, which have been established to support the development of these tissues. We discussed the different advances achieved in the fabrication of each dental tissue to provide an overview of the current state of the methods. We conclude with the remaining challenges and future needsThis work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI (Grant Numbers 22K18936 and 21K04852); AMED (Grant Number JP21gm1310001); The JST Adaptable and Seamless Technology Transfer Program through Target-driven R&D (Grant Number JPMJTM22BD), CASIO SCIENCE PROMOTION FOUNDATION, and by the Research Center for Biomedical Engineering at Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan