11,959 research outputs found

    Strategies for Early Learners

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    Welcome to learning about how to effectively plan curriculum for young children. This textbook will address: ā€¢ Developing curriculum through the planning cycle ā€¢ Theories that inform what we know about how children learn and the best ways for teachers to support learning ā€¢ The three components of developmentally appropriate practice ā€¢ Importance and value of play and intentional teaching ā€¢ Different models of curriculum ā€¢ Process of lesson planning (documenting planned experiences for children) ā€¢ Physical, temporal, and social environments that set the stage for childrenā€™s learning ā€¢ Appropriate guidance techniques to support childrenā€™s behaviors as the self-regulation abilities mature. ā€¢ Planning for preschool-aged children in specific domains including o Physical development o Language and literacy o Math o Science o Creative (the visual and performing arts) o Diversity (social science and history) o Health and safety ā€¢ Making childrenā€™s learning visible through documentation and assessmenthttps://scholar.utc.edu/open-textbooks/1001/thumbnail.jp

    Building body identities - exploring the world of female bodybuilders

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    This thesis explores how female bodybuilders seek to develop and maintain a viable sense of self despite being stigmatized by the gendered foundations of what Erving Goffman (1983) refers to as the 'interaction order'; the unavoidable presentational context in which identities are forged during the course of social life. Placed in the context of an overview of the historical treatment of women's bodies, and a concern with the development of bodybuilding as a specific form of body modification, the research draws upon a unique two year ethnographic study based in the South of England, complemented by interviews with twenty-six female bodybuilders, all of whom live in the U.K. By mapping these extraordinary women's lives, the research illuminates the pivotal spaces and essential lived experiences that make up the female bodybuilder. Whilst the women appear to be embarking on an 'empowering' radical body project for themselves, the consequences of their activity remains culturally ambivalent. This research exposes the 'Janus-faced' nature of female bodybuilding, exploring the ways in which the women negotiate, accommodate and resist pressures to engage in more orthodox and feminine activities and appearances

    Towards a more just refuge regime: quotas, markets and a fair share

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    The international refugee regime is beset by two problems: Responsibility for refuge falls disproportionately on a few states and many owed refuge do not get it. In this work, I explore remedies to these problems. One is a quota distribution wherein states are distributed responsibilities via allotment. Another is a marketized quota system wherein states are free to buy and sell their allotments with others. I explore these in three parts. In Part 1, I develop the prime principles upon which a just regime is built and with which alternatives can be adjudicated. The first and most important principle ā€“ ā€˜Justice for Refugeesā€™ ā€“ stipulates that a just regime provides refuge for all who have a basic interest in it. The second principle ā€“ ā€˜Justice for Statesā€™ ā€“ stipulates that a just distribution of refuge responsibilities among states is one that is capacity considerate. In Part 2, I take up several vexing questions regarding the distribution of refuge responsibilities among states in a collective effort. First, what is a stateā€™s ā€˜fair shareā€™? The answer requires the determination of some logic ā€“ some metric ā€“ with which a distribution is determined. I argue that one popular method in the political theory literature ā€“ a GDP-based distribution ā€“ is normatively unsatisfactory. In its place, I posit several alternative metrics that are more attuned with the principles of justice but absent in the political theory literature: GDP adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity and the Human Development Index. I offer an exploration of both these. Second, are states required to ā€˜take up the slackā€™ left by defaulting peers? Here, I argue that duties of help remain intact in cases of partial compliance among states in the refuge regime, but that political concerns may require that such duties be applied with caution. I submit that a market instrument offers one practical solution to this problem, as well as other advantages. In Part 3, I take aim at marketization and grapple with its many pitfalls: That marketization is commodifying, that it is corrupting, and that it offers little advantage in providing quality protection for refugees. In addition to these, I apply a framework of moral markets developed by Debra Satz. I argue that a refuge market may satisfy Justice Among States, but that it is violative of the refugeesā€™ welfare interest in remaining free of degrading and discriminatory treatment

    The interpretation of Islam and nationalism by the elite through the English language media in Pakistan.

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    The media is constructed and interpreted through what people 'know'. That knowledge is, forthe most part, created through day to day experiences. In Pakistan, Islam and nationalism aretwo components of this social knowledge which are intrinsically tied to the experiences of thePakistani people. Censorship and selection are means through which this knowledge isarticulated and interpreted.General conceptions of partially shared large scale bodies of knowledge and ideas reinforce,and are reinforced by, general medium of mass communication: the print and electronic media.Focusing on the govermnent, media institutions and Pakistani elites, I describe and analyse thedifferent, sometimes conflicting, interpretations of Islam and Pakistani nationalism manifest inand through media productions presented in Pakistan.The media means many things, not least of which is power. It is the media as a source ofpower that is so frequently controlled, directed and manipulated. The terminology may beslightly different according to the context within which one is talking - propaganda, selection,etc. - but ultimately it comes down to the same thing - censorship. Each of the three groups:government, media institutions and Pakistani elites - have the power to interpret and censormedia content and consideration must be taken of each of the other power holders consequentlyrestricting the power of each group in relation to the other two. The processes of thismanipulation and their consequences form the major themes of this thesis

    Walking with the Earth: Intercultural Perspectives on Ethics of Ecological Caring

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    It is commonly believed that considering nature different from us, human beings (qua rational, cultural, religious and social actors), is detrimental to our engagement for the preservation of nature. An obvious example is animal rights, a deep concern for all living beings, including non-human living creatures, which is understandable only if we approach nature, without fearing it, as something which should remain outside of our true home. ā€œWalking with the earthā€ aims at questioning any similar preconceptions in the wide sense, including allegoric-poetic contributions. We invited 14 authors from 4 continents to express all sorts of ways of saying why caring is so important, why togetherness, being-with each others, as a spiritual but also embodied ethics is important in a divided world

    The applied psychology of addictive orientations : studies in a 12-step treatment context.

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    The clinical data for the studies was collected at The PROMIS Recovery Centre, a Minnesota Model treatmentc entre for addictions,w hich encouragesth e membership and use of the 12 step Anonymous Fellowships, and is abstinence based. The area of addiction is contextualised in a review chapter which focuses on research relating to the phenomenon of cross addiction. A study examining the concept of "addictive orientations" in male and female addicts is described, which develops a study conductedb y StephensonM, aggi, Lefever, & Morojele (1995). This presents study found a four factor solution which appeared to be subdivisions of the previously found Hedonism and Nurturance factors. Self orientated nurturance (both food dimensions, shopping and caffeine), Other orientated nurturance (both compulsive helping dimensions and work), Sensation seeking hedonism (Drugs, prescription drugs, nicotine and marginally alcohol), and Power related hedonism (Both relationship dimensions, sex and gambling. This concept of "addictive orientations" is further explored in a non-clinical population, where again a four factor solution was found, very similar to that in the clinical population. This was thought to indicate that in terms of addictive orientation a pattern already exists in this non-clinical population and that consideration should be given to why this is the case. These orientations are examined in terms of gender differences. It is suggested that the differences between genders reflect power-related role relationships between the sexes. In order to further elaborate the significance and meaning behind these orientations, the next two chapters look at the contribution of personality variables and how addictive orientations relate to psychiatric symptomatology. Personality variables were differentially, and to a considerable extent predictably involved with the four factors for both males and females.Conscientiousness as positively associated with "Other orientated Nurturance" and negatively associated with "Sensation seeking hedonism" (particularly for men). Neuroticism had a particularly strong association with the "Self orientated Nurturance" factor in the female population. More than twice the symptomatology variance was explained by the factor scores for females than it was for males. The most important factorial predictors for psychiatric symptomatology were the "Power related hedonism" factor for males, and "Self oriented nurturance" for females. The results are discussed from theoretical and treatment perspectives

    Vulnerability, decision-making and the protection of prisoners in Scotland and England

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    Vulnerable and protection prisoners currently make up a sizeable proportion of the prison populations in England and Scotland, and designated physical space to house them, an approach that has developed significantly in both countries since the 1960s, remains under studied. Within research on prisons, vulnerability has been predominantly associated with risks to the self, for example, mental health problems, self-harm and suicide, internal vulnerabilities that prisoners either bring into an establishment or which are a consequence of the stressors of prison life. This literature further tends to focus on certain categories of prisoner, namely those who have committed sexual crimes. This framing of vulnerability in prison means academic research typically studies vulnerability as a settled status, and there has been a move away from exploring meanings, experiences and determinations of vulnerability as these arise and change at different points of a personā€™s journey through prison. This study addresses these gaps by sharing the perspectives directly from those at risk of victimization in prison as well as from those in charge of deciding who will get protection from risks. The focus is on prisoner and staff decisions to relocate to protective housing (vulnerable prisoner units (VPU) in England and protection halls in Scotland). This research utilised qualitative methods, interviewing staff (13) involved in designating or managing vulnerability in prison as well as prisoners (23) who had been identified as needing protective housing. The research was conducted in one prison in England and two prisons in Scotland. It highlights the significant levels of victimization, trauma and fear experienced by prisoner research participants, and in doing so complicates prevailing ideas of vulnerability in prison. The findings chapters show: staff perspectives on what counts as a valid basis of vulnerability and therefore how it is managed and to some extent rationed (Chapter 5); the importance of journeys into and through prisons which shape and intensify experiences of vulnerability (Chapter 6); the perspectives of prisoners housed in a VPU in England which reinforced the idea that vulnerability is fluid and that there are some common factors affecting decisions to relocate from mainstream wings, but ultimately each decision is situated in the personal circumstances of an individual (Chapter 7); the perspectives of prisoners housed in protection halls in Scotland highlighting the factors that influence decisions to seek out or resist protective accommodation where, like England, common factors influenced decisions but were situated in highly individual circumstances (Chapter 8), and how these feelings were managed. The conclusion (Chapter 9) summarises key findings and calls for a sociology of the vulnerable prisoner (building on a conceptualisation of vulnerability in Chapter 3) to understand not only how they navigate risk from others and the prison itself, but how they make sense of their newly acquired yet further stigmatized identity. Finally, it sets out some implications and suggestions for policy based on its new contribution to a sociology of vulnerability

    Library wars: Discourse, power and Dystopian Young Adult Literature from the East and West

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    In the last twenty years, much of the excitement over the rapid development of technology has faded away as it has not provided all the answers to social problems. On the contrary, some problems have become more acute through the use of new technologies, such as the subjugation and monitoring of citizens, a phenomenon this thesis examines in a sample of the many dystopian works written for young adults which have emerged in both the West and the East in the last two decades. These works reveal authorsā€™ thoughts about the power structure of human society; their concerns and ideas about the past and present and their expectations about the future of the world. This thesis is based on a comparative analysis of the contemporary Western and Eastern Dystopian Young Adult Literature (DYAL) from a sociological perspective. The focus will be on issues of information control and censorship in DYAL, because knowledge is one of the main bones of power contention in a dystopian prospect. Based on the theories of sociology of literature and Michel Foucaultā€™s theory about discourse and power and a historical review of the development of YAL in the East and West, this research attempts to structure the spatiotemporal attributes of DYAL, and expound the circulated, exchanged and interactive relationship between (D)YAL and society. From this structure, more importantly, a discourse-power mapping framework for analysing dystopian literature has been developed. Although there have been numerous studies on the Western DYAL, comparative research on the Western and Eastern DYAL has been scarce. Hence, three representative dystopian YA works from USA (The Great Library series, Rachel Caine, 2015), Japan (Library Wars series, Hiro Arikawa, 2006) and China (Infernal Affairs, Sizhe Zangyi, 2014) were selected to be analysed with the framework in order to discuss the discourse-power relationship; the political ideas and social concerns shown in works from different cultural backgrounds. Furthermore, the results of the qualitative research on the Western and Eastern reader groupsā€™ discussions have been included in the comparative analysis of the works. This sheds light on both authorsā€™ and readersā€™ thoughts about discourse-power structure and the future prospect of human society inside and outside DYAL. This thesis aims to demonstrate the sociological issues around DYAL from a different theoretical scope. The study may provide an effective framework for the researchers in this field and could be applicable to further educational conversations. Hence, this research has realistic and practical importance not only for scholars and educators in YA literature, but also for the sociologists who are interested in youth culture in the digital era
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