Fall Prediction and Prevention Systems: Recent Trends, Challenges, and Future Research Directions.

Fall prediction is a multifaceted problem that involves complex interactions between physiological, behavioral, and environmental factors. Existing fall detection and prediction systems mainly focus on physiological factors such as gait, vision, and cognition, and do not address the multifactorial nature of falls. In addition, these systems lack efficient user interfaces and feedback for preventing future falls. Recent advances in internet of things (IoT) and mobile technologies offer ample opportunities for integrating contextual information about patient behavior and environment along with physiological health data for predicting falls. This article reviews the state-of-the-art in fall detection and prediction systems. It also describes the challenges, limitations, and future directions in the design and implementation of effective fall prediction and prevention systems

Réduire les pertes sanguines et les besoins transfusionnels en chirurgie pédiatrique

Purpose: To summarize the physiology and pathophysiology relevant to perioperative blood loss in children. Strategies to reduce blood losses are reviewed. Methods: The literature was reviewed using the electronic library PUBMED and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Relevant studies published in English or French with an English abstract are included. The following keywords were used: children, blood transfusion, surgical blood loss, erythropoietin, autologous blood, red blood cell saver, normovolemic hemodilution, desmopressin, aminocaproic acid, tranexamic acid, aprotinin, cardiac surgery, liver transplantation and scoliosis surgery. Main findings: For patients with idiopathic scoliosis, predonation with or without the addition of erythropoietin is a safe and effective way to avoid the use of allogenic blood products. For open heart procedures: whole blood of less than 48 hr is helpful for children of less than two years of age undergoing complex procedures; tranexamic acid may be helpful for cyanotic heart disease and, to a lesser degree, for reoperations; while antikallikrein blood levels of aprotinin may both reduce the need for allogenic blood transfusions and improve postoperative oxygenation in infants. Conclusion: Reducing perioperative allogenic blood transfusions is possible in pediatric patients provided that prophylactic measures are adapted to age, disease and type of surgery. Objectif: Revoir la littérature pertinente à la prise en charge des pertes sanguines péri-opératoires de ľenfant ainsi que les stratégies ďépargne sanguine. Méthode: La littérature a été revue à ľaide de la banque de données électronique PUBMED et du Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Les études pertinentes publiées en langue française ou anglaise avec résumé en langue anglaise ont été revues. Les mots-clés suivants ont été utilisés: enfant, transfusion sanguine, pertes sanguines chirurgicales, érythropoïétine, transfusion autologue préprogrammée, récupérateur de globules rouges, hémodilution isovolémique, desmopressine, acide aminocaproïque, acide tranexamique, aprotinine, chirurgie cardiaque, transplantation hépatique et arthrodèse vertébrale. Constatations principales: Pour les scolioses idiopathiques, la transfusion autologue programmée avec ou sans ľajout ďérythropoïétine réduit ľadministration de sang homologue. Pour les chirurgies à cœur ouvert, le sang complet de moins de 48 h est utile pour les corrections de cardiopathies complexes avant ľâge de deux ans, ľacide tranexamique est utile pour les corrections de cardiopathies cyanogènes et à un degré moindre pour les réinterventions alors que ľaprotinine à dose anti-kallikréïne diminue les besoins transfusionnels et améliore ľoxygénation postopératoire en dessous de ľâge de un an. Conclusion: Il est possible de réduire les transfusions allogènes chez ľenfant si des mesures adaptées à ľâge, à la pathologie et au type de chirurgie sont appliquée

Machine Learning Approach of Obesity Level Classification: A Systematic Literature Review of Methods and Factors

The high prevalence of obesity over the years has become a global concern, as obesity contributes to an increased risk of many deadly diseases, such as diabetes, heart disease, and some cancers. This condition has become a serious concern for public health authorities, researchers, and the general public. Therefore, a comprehensive and effective approach is needed to tackle this obesity problem. Machine learning can be the answer to the required approach as it offers a method to predict the risk level of obesity through identifying the risk causes quickly and accurately. Through this approach, the most influential factors in obesity risk can be identified to aid in the development of more effective prevention and intervention strategies. Understanding the correlation between risk factors and obesity will hopefully lead to better solutions in addressing global obesity.The increasing prevalence of obesity, which amplifies the risk of diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer, has raised global concerns. Health authorities, researchers, and the community demand comprehensive solutions. Machine learning holds promise in projecting obesity risks by accurately identifying its causes. This study reviews literature from 2018-2023, focusing on factors influencing obesity and the application of machine learning in risk detection, using the SPAR-4-SLR approach for systematic guidance. The findings highlight key risk factors and machine learning methods for prediction, as well as optimization strategies for predictive models. By understanding the relationship between risk factors, obesity, and machine learning-based solutions, this research aims to identify, evaluate, and synthesize relevant literature in a specific research field to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic

SNPs and Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is considered a multifactorial trait in which multiple genetic and environmental factors interact in complex, non-linear ways to produce the common phenotype of hyperglycemia. Until recently, research efforts to identify the genetic variants that contribute to individual differences in predisposition to T2D were met with slow progress and limited success. Over the past three years, the advent of genome-wide association (GWA) scan has ushered in a new era regarding the capacity of identifying common genetic variants that contribute to predisposition to complex multifactorial phenotypes such as type 2 diabetes. The identification of the variants, genes and pathways implicated in T2D pathogenesis might facilitate its diagnosis and prevention and offer a route to new therapies. The aim of this paper is to review the literature regarding SNPs that have been associated with T2D predisposition

Frequency of Complications Following Spinal Fusion in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Background: Neuromuscular Scoliosis is a frequent complication of Cerebral Palsy that requires surgical management including spinal fusion. The objective of this observational study was to describe differences in the frequency of postoperative complications in children with Cerebral Palsy following spinal fusion surgery compared to children with Idiopathic Scoliosis. Methods: The 2016 Kids’ Inpatient Database was queried to identify pediatric patients (old) with concurrent diagnoses of Cerebral Palsy and Neuromuscular Scoliosis undergoing spinal fusion surgery. Cases were compared to children without Cerebral Palsy and with a diagnosis of Idiopathic Scoliosis undergoing the same procedure. Fitted Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was performed to estimate relative risks in the frequency of various clinical complications while adjusting for several potentially confounding variables of importance. Results: A total of 660 cases and 5,244 comparators were identified. Compared to children with Idiopathic Scoliosis, children with Cerebral Palsy were younger (13.6 vs. 14.3 years), more likely to be male (54% vs. 23%), and more likely to have had governmental insurance (52% vs. 32%). They also had longer hospital lengths of stay (8 days vs. 4 days). After adjusting for a number of potentially confounding sociodemographic and clinical variables, children with Cerebral Palsy were more likely to have postoperative pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and surgical complications, receive blood transfusions, and be admitted to the ICU. Conclusions: Children with Cerebral Palsy have an increased risk of complications following spinal fusion surgery leading to longer hospital stays. These results further inform surgical decision-making and anticipatory guidance for these children and their caregivers

Prediction and Detection of Rheumatoid Arthritis SNPs Using Neural Networks

Abstract: Rheumatic Arthritis (RA) is the most common disease found in the majorit