An Effective ’Weapon’ for the Weak? : Digital Media and Interest Groups’ Media Success

The equalization-normalization debate concerns whether the Internet equalizes politics by empowering resource-poor organizations, or whether it further strengthens the position of resource-rich organizations. We address this debate by studying how interest groups' utilization of digital media is associated with their success in influencing news media. We suggest digital media is characterized by the coexistence of old and new media logics that benefit resource-rich and resource-poor groups in different ways. Analyzing a dataset of 1,127 Finnish interest groups, we found that groups' utilization of digital media is positively associated with their news media success, yet traditional ways of influencing the news media remain more effective. Among resource-rich groups with larger public relations staff, blog publishing is positively associated with both media access (media visibility) and agenda-building success (influencing news topics). In contrast, utilization of digital media among resource-poor groups only correlates with agenda-building success, and audiovisual content is more effective than other content. We suggest that while resource-poor groups benefit from network media logic in which the flow of information is initially based on popularity among social media users, resource-rich groups can exploit mass media logic where traditional journalistic gatekeeping is more important. The findings also imply that digital media has not decreased resource-related bias in interest groups' media access.Peer reviewe

TOURISM AS MASS MEDIA: FROM THE WEEKEND TO SEVEN EARNING DAYS

When saying “tourism” people use to think at good times, at leisure, lake of work. Is “tourism” just a way of spending free time? I doubt. Because the main economic sector in the world economy is desalinated for rich peoples, rich countries. It seams hopeless to discuss the tourism desires of Ethiopian population or of the 30% of poor of Romania etc. I focused on the subject and I found out a new perspective. I propose to focus on 4 main directions: (1) Mass media and tourism: in order to see if we can take tourism as a mass media; (2) Some major characteristics of tourism as mass media, some attributes on this regard; (3) Some major changes, present and predictable in the near future; (4) Possible options to booth the European heritage on the horizon of the 21st century.mass media, tourism, classic tourism, informal tourism

Mass media and public policy: global evidence from agricultural policies.

Mass media plays a crucial role in information distribution and thus in the political market and public policy making. Theory predicts that information provided by mass media reflects the media’s incentives to provide news to different types of groups in society, and affects these groups’ influence in policy-making. We use data on agricultural policy from 60 countries, spanning a wide range of development stages and media markets, to test these predictions. We find that, in line with theoretical predictions, public support to agriculture is strongly affected by the structure of the mass media. In particular, a greater role of the private mass media in society is associated with policies which benefit the majority more: it reduces taxation of agriculture in poor countries and reduces subsidization of agriculture in rich countries, ceteris paribus. The evidence is also consistent with the hypothesis that increased competition in commercial media reduces transfers to special interest groups and contributes to more efficient public policies.

The effect of aqueous aluminium on mortality and respiration of the isopoda Asellus aquaticus

The present study investigates the effect of aqueous aluminium (Al) and acidic water on mortality and respiration in the isopoda Asellus aquaticus. I conducted one mortality experiment lasting 22 days exposing A. aquaticus to an acidic Al-rich medium (pH 5.8), an acidic Al-poor medium (pH 5.8) and untreated natural water (control) (pH 7.0). Followed by three respirometry experiments exposing A. aquaticus to an acidic Al-rich medium, an acidic Al-poor and untreated natural water each for five days and then transferring the animals into closed-respirometry chambers for 48 hours. In the mortality experiment A. aquaticus was more sensitive to the acidic Al-rich medium than the acidic Al-poor- and the control media. In the respirometry experiment Al-exposed A. aquaticus displayed a lower normoxic O2 consumption than in the acidic Al-poor- and control media. Similarly, the critical O2 tension was lower in Al-exposed A. aquaticus than acidic Al-poor- and control media. The critical O2 tension was inconsistent with the mortality A. aquaticus experienced in the mortality experiment. I draw the conclusion that A. aquaticus is more sensitive to aqueous aluminium than to an acidic Al poor medium

Alternatives for sustained disaster risk reduction

The daily media is filled with images of catastrophic events which seem increasingly frequent and violent In parallel there are a large range of scientific studies debates in the policy arena, and a growing number of international institutions focused on disaster reduction. But a paradox remains that despite advances in technology, disasters continue to increase, affecting many individuals in rich as well as poor countries

Some socially poor but also some socially rich adolescents feel closer to their friends after using social media

Who benefits most from using social media is an important societal question that is centered around two opposing hypotheses: the rich-get-richer versus the poor-get-richer hypothesis. This study investigated the assumption that both hypotheses may be true, but only for some socially rich and some socially poor adolescents and across different time intervals. We employed a state-of-the-art measurement burst design, consisting of a three-week experience sampling study and seven biweekly follow-up surveys. Person-specific analyses of more than 70,000 observations from 383 adolescents revealed that 12% of the socially rich adolescents (high in friendship support or low in loneliness) felt closer to their friends after using social media, as opposed to about 25% of the socially poor adolescents (low in friendship support or high in loneliness). However, only 1 to 6% of all adolescents (socially rich and poor) felt closer both in the short- and longer-term. These results indicate that the rich-get-richer and the poor-get-richer hypotheses can hold both, but for different adolescents

MENELUSURI PERKEMBANGAN TEORI KEKAYAAN MEDIA

The medium in this theory is defined as any form of communication channels is one of the very important elements of communication. Our ability to choose the appropriate media in conveying the message would determine the performance or effectiveness we divide the message to others. Media richness theory (TKM) said that not every media match with any kind of task or message would we send. Each media has its advantages and disadvantages of each. Rich media is suitable for its high equivocality task types, whereas a poor media (Lean media) matches tugs or message that has a low equivocality. The more a potential message multiple interpretations (equivocal), is uncertain, then the strategic nature required an increasingly rich media. Daft and Lengel According to media, wealth can be measured by four criteria: (1) the ability to convey variety of instructions; (2) The immediacy of feedback; (3) the ability to present a variety of study; and finally the ability to 'personalize' the message to the recipient

Verbalization of the "rich/poor" dichotomy in the Russian and English-language of mass media

The article deals with studying of one of the basic cultural and psychological oppositions forming the cognitive value-appraisal picture of the world, the rich and the poor dichotomy and its verbalizations in the language of mass media. Specificity of representation of the rich/poor bipolarity as dominants of the journalistic text and as one of the ways of linguistic cognition of the world is defined. The method of continuous sampling, method of component-definitional analysis, descriptive method, including observation and classification of the material under study, and evidently the contextual analysis have been used as the major methods of research. At first, the microcontexts are analyzed, where the poor/rich dichotomy is considered as the subject-bearer of the feature. The paradigmatic set of nominations of subject-bearers of the rich/poor feature by occupation, age, social status, etc., is revealed. Secondly, the analysis of verbalization in the newspaper text of the items of possession of the poor/rich (nominations combined by the meaning of "food", "clothing", "housing", etc.) is presented. Thirdly, the analysis of contexts depicting the style and lifestyle of the poor/rich is given. The rich/poor binary code in the linguistic space of the Russian and English mass media has exposed a wide range of lexico-semantic links promoting formation of semantic sets and paradigms based on synonymy and antonymy, phraseological and associative representations and images, valence of the word and its contextual interaction

New Media and Democracy in Kenya: Redefining Democracy and Politics

This paper discusses the contribution of new media in Kenyan democratization process. The advent of multiparty politics in developing countries especially Kenya, marked the beginning of a journey that has witnessed a lot of obstacles towards democracy. Thanks to the New media which has brought with it enormous possibilities to the citizens and the government. The new media has collapsed the initial barriers of a one way communication and provided equal opportunities to both the rich and the poor. New media has become a new public sphere, and in this paper, different scholarly articles will be analyzed and their arguments corroborated in support of this view. Keywords: Public sphere, Newmedia ,democracy