37,362 research outputs found
Sisyphus Effect in Pulse Coupled Excitatory Neural Networks with Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity
The collective dynamics of excitatory pulse coupled neural networks with
spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP) is studied. Depending on the model
parameters stationary states characterized by High or Low Synchronization can
be observed. In particular, at the transition between these two regimes,
persistent irregular low frequency oscillations between strongly and weakly
synchronized states are observable, which can be identified as infraslow
oscillations with frequencies 0.02 - 0.03 Hz. Their emergence can be explained
in terms of the Sisyphus Effect, a mechanism caused by a continuous feedback
between the evolution of the coherent population activity and of the average
synaptic weight. Due to this effect, the synaptic weights have oscillating
equilibrium values, which prevents the neuronal population from relaxing into a
stationary macroscopic state.Comment: 18 pages, 24 figures, submitted to Physical Review
Death and rebirth of neural activity in sparse inhibitory networks
In this paper, we clarify the mechanisms underlying a general phenomenon
present in pulse-coupled heterogeneous inhibitory networks: inhibition can
induce not only suppression of the neural activity, as expected, but it can
also promote neural reactivation. In particular, for globally coupled systems,
the number of firing neurons monotonically reduces upon increasing the strength
of inhibition (neurons' death). However, the random pruning of the connections
is able to reverse the action of inhibition, i.e. in a sparse network a
sufficiently strong synaptic strength can surprisingly promote, rather than
depress, the activity of the neurons (neurons' rebirth). Thus the number of
firing neurons reveals a minimum at some intermediate synaptic strength. We
show that this minimum signals a transition from a regime dominated by the
neurons with higher firing activity to a phase where all neurons are
effectively sub-threshold and their irregular firing is driven by current
fluctuations. We explain the origin of the transition by deriving an analytic
mean field formulation of the problem able to provide the fraction of active
neurons as well as the first two moments of their firing statistics. The
introduction of a synaptic time scale does not modify the main aspects of the
reported phenomenon. However, for sufficiently slow synapses the transition
becomes dramatic, the system passes from a perfectly regular evolution to an
irregular bursting dynamics. In this latter regime the model provides
predictions consistent with experimental findings for a specific class of
neurons, namely the medium spiny neurons in the striatum.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures, submitted to NJ
Chimera states in pulse coupled neural networks: the influence of dilution and noise
We analyse the possible dynamical states emerging for two symmetrically pulse
coupled populations of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons. In particular, we
observe broken symmetry states in this set-up: namely, breathing chimeras,
where one population is fully synchronized and the other is in a state of
partial synchronization (PS) as well as generalized chimera states, where both
populations are in PS, but with different levels of synchronization. Symmetric
macroscopic states are also present, ranging from quasi-periodic motions, to
collective chaos, from splay states to population anti-phase partial
synchronization. We then investigate the influence disorder, random link
removal or noise, on the dynamics of collective solutions in this model. As a
result, we observe that broken symmetry chimera-like states, with both
populations partially synchronized, persist up to 80 \% of broken links and up
to noise amplitudes 8 \% of threshold-reset distance. Furthermore, the
introduction of disorder on symmetric chaotic state has a constructive effect,
namely to induce the emergence of chimera-like states at intermediate dilution
or noise level.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure, contribution for the Workshop "Nonlinear Dynamics
in Computational Neuroscience: from Physics and Biology to ICT" held in Turin
(Italy) in September 201
Efficient Image Processing Via Compressive Sensing Of Integrate-And-Fire Neuronal Network Dynamics
Integrate-and-fire (I&F) neuronal networks are ubiquitous in diverse image processing applications, including image segmentation and visual perception. While conventional I&F network image processing requires the number of nodes composing the network to be equal to the number of image pixels driving the network, we determine whether I&F dynamics can accurately transmit image information when there are significantly fewer nodes than network input-signal components. Although compressive sensing (CS) theory facilitates the recovery of images using very few samples through linear signal processing, it does not address whether similar signal recovery techniques facilitate reconstructions through measurement of the nonlinear dynamics of an I&F network. In this paper, we present a new framework for recovering sparse inputs of nonlinear neuronal networks via compressive sensing. By recovering both one-dimensional inputs and two-dimensional images, resembling natural stimuli, we demonstrate that input information can be well-preserved through nonlinear I&F network dynamics even when the number of network-output measurements is significantly smaller than the number of input-signal components. This work suggests an important extension of CS theory potentially useful in improving the processing of medical or natural images through I&F network dynamics and understanding the transmission of stimulus information across the visual system
Transient spatiotemporal chaos in a diffusively and synaptically coupled Morris-Lecar neuronal network
Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2014Transient spatiotemporal chaos was reported in models for chemical reactions and in experiments for turbulence in shear flow. This study shows that transient spatiotemporal chaos also exists in a diffusively coupled Morris-Lecar (ML) neuronal network, with a collapse to either a global rest state or to a state of pulse propagation. Adding synaptic coupling to this network reduces the average lifetime of spatiotemporal chaos for small to intermediate coupling strengths and almost all numbers of synapses. For large coupling strengths, close to the threshold of excitation, the average lifetime increases beyond the value for only diffusive coupling, and the collapse to the rest state dominates over the collapse to a traveling pulse state. The regime of spatiotemporal chaos is characterized by a slightly increasing Lyapunov exponent and degree of phase coherence as the number of synaptic links increases. In contrast to the diffusive network, the pulse solution must not be asymptotic in the presence of synapses. The fact that chaos could be transient in higher dimensional systems, such as the one being explored in this study, point to its presence in every day life. Transient spatiotemporal chaos in a network of coupled neurons and the associated chaotic saddle provide a possibility for switching between metastable states observed in information processing and brain function. Such transient dynamics have been observed experimentally by Mazor, when stimulating projection neurons in the locust antennal lobe with different odors
Cortical Spike Synchrony as a Measure of Input Familiarity
J.G.O. was supported by the Ministerio de Economia y Competividad and FEDER (Spain, project FIS2015-66503-C3-1-P) and the ICREA Academia programme. E.U. acknowledges support from the Scottish Universities Life Sciences Alliance (SULSA) and HPC-Europa2.Peer reviewedPostprin
Revealing networks from dynamics: an introduction
What can we learn from the collective dynamics of a complex network about its
interaction topology? Taking the perspective from nonlinear dynamics, we
briefly review recent progress on how to infer structural connectivity (direct
interactions) from accessing the dynamics of the units. Potential applications
range from interaction networks in physics, to chemical and metabolic
reactions, protein and gene regulatory networks as well as neural circuits in
biology and electric power grids or wireless sensor networks in engineering.
Moreover, we briefly mention some standard ways of inferring effective or
functional connectivity.Comment: Topical review, 48 pages, 7 figure
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