19 research outputs found

    Hazard mapping

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    Während wir die verheerenden Kräfte von Naturgefahren verstehen und wir davon ausgehen müssen, dass diese unvermeidbar sind, müssen wir auch bedenken, dass dies ein Problem ist, wo wir etwas tun können. Studien über Gefahren ebnen den Weg, um seinen Einfluss auf die Gesellschaft zu reduzieren. Da Katastrophen nur dann aus Naturgefahren entstehen, wenn diese mit menschlichen Systemen konfrontiert werden, sollte die Bereitschaft in den relevanten Gebieten steigen, um die Verluste in zukünftigen Ereignissen zu minimieren und somit eine nachhaltige Katastrophenvorsorge zu erlangen. Geographische Informationssysteme bieten dabei neue Möglichkeiten im interdisziplinären Ansatz in der Katastrophenvorsorge. Damit ist es möglich ein besseres Verständnis von den räumlichen Beziehungen und Prozesse zu erhalten. Außerdem können Geographische Informationssysteme verwendet werden, um neue Informationen zu gewinnen, die von unschätzbarem Wert für die Katastrophenvorbeugung sein können. Das Hauptziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die Rolle von Gefahrenzonenkarten als wirksames Instrument und deren kartographischen Aspekte in der Risikokommunikation zu beleuchten. Ein konzeptioneller Rahmen, um das Gefahrenrisiko von Tsunamis in betroffenen Küstengebieten zu beurteilen und darzustellen, wird am Ende der Arbeit präsentiert.While we realize the devastating capacities of natural hazards and we presume that they are unavoidable, we also have to think that it is a problem that we could do something. Studies about hazards pave the way to minimize its impacts on our societies. As the hazards create disasters only when it is confronted with human use systems, the preparedness and capacity building measures for relevant communities would lead to reduce the losses in future events and sustainable disaster mitigation. Geographic information systems provide new possibilities in cross disciplinary approach in disaster mitigation. It enables better understanding of spatial relationships and processes. As well, geographic information systems could also be utilized to present new information in maps that are invaluable in disaster mitigation. The main objective of this work is to study the role of hazard maps as effective tools and their cartographic aspects in spatial risk communication. A conceptual framework to assess and present the tsunami hazard risk in an affected coastal area is discussed at the end of the study

    A novel tool for survival analysis in lymphoma patients

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    Annually, cancer is responsible for 40% of earlier deaths due to non-communicable diseases, and this number increases at an annual rate of around 1.6%. These alarming values make it essential to study this disease at a global level, to help better the lives of all the affected patients and disseminate prevention when possible. With the advance in technology and thanks to the influx of patients with digitalised records that suffer from this disease, there is a greater capability to elaborate a study about the possible causes and consequences drawn from the patient’s data. Furthermore, the ability to better the patient’s quality of life by analysing their data and sensitising them is fundamental in the fight against cancer. The dissertation focuses on developing a computational tool that enables tha ability to obtain simple statistics, thanks to classical techniques of survival analysis as well as the analysis of lymphoma cancer, both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas that constitute nearly 48% of blood cancers. To determine the factors that influence the study of the received patients’ database, a preprocessing is done where the descriptive statistics are obtained using the patients’ database information. After that, Kaplan-Meier estimator curves are elaborated to determine the relationship between the studied phenomenon and the different variables present in the database. After taking brief conclusions from the obtained variables and subsequent descriptive analysis, an analysis using the Kaplan- Meier estimator is done. The integration of the achieved results is implemented in a tool that constitutes CLARIFY 1’s project dashboard. This dissertation was created in conjunction with the CLARIFY European project, led by the oncology medical team of University Hospital Puerta Hierro de Majadahonda.Anualmente, o cancro é responsável por 40% das mortes precoces devido a doenças não transmissíveis, e este valor aumenta anualmente cerca de 1.6%. Estes valores alarman- tes fazem o estudo desta doença um foco fundamental a nível global de modo a melhorar a vida de todos os pacientes e disseminar prevenção a quando possibilidade do mesmo. Com o avançar da tecnologia e graças a um influxo de registos digitalizados sobre pacientes que sofrem este tipo de doença, existe uma maior capacidade de elaborar um estudo sobre as possíveis causas e consequências retiradas a partir dos dados de pacientes que passaram por isso. Para além disso, a capacidade de melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes através da análise dos seus dados e da sensibilização dos mesmos é fundamental para uma constante luta contra o cancro. Esta dissertação foca-se no desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta computacional que permite aceder de forma simples, a estimativas obtidas a partir de técnicas clássicas de análise de sobrevivência como exemplo de aplicação, foca-se ainda na análise do cancro linfoma tanto Hodgkin como não-Hodgkin, que abrange cerca de 48% dos cancros de sangue. Com o objetivo de averiguar os fatores de risco que influenciam a sobrevivência dos pacientes da base de dados em estudo, é efetuado um pré-processamento dos dados, onde são obtidas estatísticas descritivas da base de dados de pacientes e produzidas estatísticas das curvas de sobrevivência com recurso ao estimador de Kaplan-Meier de modo a determinar a relevância das variáveis analisadas da base de dados em relação ao acontecimento analisado. A integração dos resultados obtidos através do estimador Kaplan-Meier será integrada numa ferramenta que por sua vez fará parte do Dashboard do projeto do CLARIFY 2. Esta dissertação foi criada em conjunto com o projeto europeu, Clarify, liderado pela equipa médica de oncologia do Hospital Universitário Puerta Hierro de Majadahond

    Semantic discovery and reuse of business process patterns

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    Patterns currently play an important role in modern information systems (IS) development and their use has mainly been restricted to the design and implementation phases of the development lifecycle. Given the increasing significance of business modelling in IS development, patterns have the potential of providing a viable solution for promoting reusability of recurrent generalized models in the very early stages of development. As a statement of research-in-progress this paper focuses on business process patterns and proposes an initial methodological framework for the discovery and reuse of business process patterns within the IS development lifecycle. The framework borrows ideas from the domain engineering literature and proposes the use of semantics to drive both the discovery of patterns as well as their reuse

    Theoretical and methodological advances in semi-supervised learning and the class-imbalance problem.

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    201 p.Este trabajo se centra en la generalización teórica y práctica de dos situaciones desafiantes y conocidas del campo del aprendizaje automático a problemas de clasificación en los cuales la suposición de tener una única clase binaria no se cumple.Aprendizaje semi-supervisado es una técnica que usa grandes cantidades de datos no etiquetados para, así, mejorar el rendimiento del aprendizaje supervisado cuando el conjunto de datos etiquetados es muy acotado. Concretamente, este trabajo contribuye con metodologías potentes y computacionalmente eficientes para aprender, de forma semi-supervisada, clasificadores para múltiples variables clase. También, se investigan, de forma teórica, los límites fundamentales del aprendizaje semi-supervisado en problemas multiclase.El problema de desbalanceo de clases aparece cuando las variables objetivo presentan una distribución de probabilidad lo suficientemente desbalanceada como para desvirtuar las soluciones propuestas por los algoritmos de aprendizaje supervisado tradicionales. En este proyecto, se propone un marco teórico para separar la desvirtuación producida por el desbalanceo de clases de otros factores que afectan a la precisión de los clasificadores. Este marco es usado principalmente para realizar una recomendación de métricas de evaluación de clasificadores en esta situación. Por último, también se propone una medida del grado de desbalanceo de clases en un conjunto de datos correlacionada con la pérdida de precisión ocasionada.Intelligent Systems Grou

    Theoretical and Methodological Advances in Semi-supervised Learning and the Class-Imbalance Problem

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    his paper focuses on the theoretical and practical generalization of two known and challenging situations from the field of machine learning to classification problems in which the assumption of having a single binary class is not fulfilled.semi-supervised learning is a technique that uses large amounts of unlabeled data to improve the performance of supervised learning when the labeled data set is very limited. Specifically, this work contributes with powerful and computationally efficient methodologies to learn, in a semi-supervised way, classifiers for multiple class variables. Also, the fundamental limits of semi-supervised learning in multi-class problems are investigated in a theoretical way. The problem of class unbalance appears when the target variables present a probability distribution unbalanced enough to distort the solutions proposed by the traditional supervised learning algorithms. In this project, a theoretical framework is proposed to separate the deviation produced by class unbalance from other factors that affect the accuracy of classifiers. This framework is mainly used to make a recommendation of classifier assessment metrics in this situation. Finally, a measure of the degree of class unbalance in a data set correlated with the loss of accuracy caused is also proposed

    Research in the Archival Multiverse

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    Over the past 15 years, the field of archival studies around the world has experienced unprecedented growth within the academy and within the profession, and archival studies graduate education programs today have among the highest enrolments in any information field. During the same period, there has also been unparalleled expansion and innovation in the diversity of methods and theories being applied in archival scholarship. Global in scope, Research in the Archival Multiverse compiles critical and reflective essays across a wide range of emerging research areas and interests in archival studies; it aims to provide current and future archival academics with a text addressing possible methods and theoretical frameworks that have been and might be used in archival scholarship and research
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