7,915 research outputs found

    Endogenous measures for contextualising large-scale social phenomena: a corpus-based method for mediated public discourse

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    This work presents an interdisciplinary methodology for developing endogenous measures of group membership through analysis of pervasive linguistic patterns in public discourse. Focusing on political discourse, this work critiques the conventional approach to the study of political participation, which is premised on decontextualised, exogenous measures to characterise groups. Considering the theoretical and empirical weaknesses of decontextualised approaches to large-scale social phenomena, this work suggests that contextualisation using endogenous measures might provide a complementary perspective to mitigate such weaknesses. This work develops a sociomaterial perspective on political participation in mediated discourse as affiliatory action performed through language. While the affiliatory function of language is often performed consciously (such as statements of identity), this work is concerned with unconscious features (such as patterns in lexis and grammar). This work argues that pervasive patterns in such features that emerge through socialisation are resistant to change and manipulation, and thus might serve as endogenous measures of sociopolitical contexts, and thus of groups. In terms of method, the work takes a corpus-based approach to the analysis of data from the Twitter messaging service whereby patterns in users’ speech are examined statistically in order to trace potential community membership. The method is applied in the US state of Michigan during the second half of 2018—6 November having been the date of midterm (i.e. non-Presidential) elections in the United States. The corpus is assembled from the original posts of 5,889 users, who are nominally geolocalised to 417 municipalities. These users are clustered according to pervasive language features. Comparing the linguistic clusters according to the municipalities they represent finds that there are regular sociodemographic differentials across clusters. This is understood as an indication of social structure, suggesting that endogenous measures derived from pervasive patterns in language may indeed offer a complementary, contextualised perspective on large-scale social phenomena

    Examples of works to practice staccato technique in clarinet instrument

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    Klarnetin staccato tekniğini güçlendirme aşamaları eser çalışmalarıyla uygulanmıştır. Staccato geçişlerini hızlandıracak ritim ve nüans çalışmalarına yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın en önemli amacı sadece staccato çalışması değil parmak-dilin eş zamanlı uyumunun hassasiyeti üzerinde de durulmasıdır. Staccato çalışmalarını daha verimli hale getirmek için eser çalışmasının içinde etüt çalışmasına da yer verilmiştir. Çalışmaların üzerinde titizlikle durulması staccato çalışmasının ilham verici etkisi ile müzikal kimliğe yeni bir boyut kazandırmıştır. Sekiz özgün eser çalışmasının her aşaması anlatılmıştır. Her aşamanın bir sonraki performans ve tekniği güçlendirmesi esas alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada staccato tekniğinin hangi alanlarda kullanıldığı, nasıl sonuçlar elde edildiği bilgisine yer verilmiştir. Notaların parmak ve dil uyumu ile nasıl şekilleneceği ve nasıl bir çalışma disiplini içinde gerçekleşeceği planlanmıştır. Kamış-nota-diyafram-parmak-dil-nüans ve disiplin kavramlarının staccato tekniğinde ayrılmaz bir bütün olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırmada literatür taraması yapılarak staccato ile ilgili çalışmalar taranmıştır. Tarama sonucunda klarnet tekniğin de kullanılan staccato eser çalışmasının az olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Metot taramasında da etüt çalışmasının daha çok olduğu saptanmıştır. Böylelikle klarnetin staccato tekniğini hızlandırma ve güçlendirme çalışmaları sunulmuştur. Staccato etüt çalışmaları yapılırken, araya eser çalışmasının girmesi beyni rahatlattığı ve istekliliği daha arttırdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Staccato çalışmasını yaparken doğru bir kamış seçimi üzerinde de durulmuştur. Staccato tekniğini doğru çalışmak için doğru bir kamışın dil hızını arttırdığı saptanmıştır. Doğru bir kamış seçimi kamıştan rahat ses çıkmasına bağlıdır. Kamış, dil atma gücünü vermiyorsa daha doğru bir kamış seçiminin yapılması gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır. Staccato çalışmalarında baştan sona bir eseri yorumlamak zor olabilir. Bu açıdan çalışma, verilen müzikal nüanslara uymanın, dil atış performansını rahatlattığını ortaya koymuştur. Gelecek nesillere edinilen bilgi ve birikimlerin aktarılması ve geliştirici olması teşvik edilmiştir. Çıkacak eserlerin nasıl çözüleceği, staccato tekniğinin nasıl üstesinden gelinebileceği anlatılmıştır. Staccato tekniğinin daha kısa sürede çözüme kavuşturulması amaç edinilmiştir. Parmakların yerlerini öğrettiğimiz kadar belleğimize de çalışmaların kaydedilmesi önemlidir. Gösterilen azmin ve sabrın sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan yapıt başarıyı daha da yukarı seviyelere çıkaracaktır

    Predictive Maintenance of Critical Equipment for Floating Liquefied Natural Gas Liquefaction Process

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    Predictive Maintenance of Critical Equipment for Liquefied Natural Gas Liquefaction Process Meeting global energy demand is a massive challenge, especially with the quest of more affinity towards sustainable and cleaner energy. Natural gas is viewed as a bridge fuel to a renewable energy. LNG as a processed form of natural gas is the fastest growing and cleanest form of fossil fuel. Recently, the unprecedented increased in LNG demand, pushes its exploration and processing into offshore as Floating LNG (FLNG). The offshore topsides gas processes and liquefaction has been identified as one of the great challenges of FLNG. Maintaining topside liquefaction process asset such as gas turbine is critical to profitability and reliability, availability of the process facilities. With the setbacks of widely used reactive and preventive time-based maintenances approaches, to meet the optimal reliability and availability requirements of oil and gas operators, this thesis presents a framework driven by AI-based learning approaches for predictive maintenance. The framework is aimed at leveraging the value of condition-based maintenance to minimises the failures and downtimes of critical FLNG equipment (Aeroderivative gas turbine). In this study, gas turbine thermodynamics were introduced, as well as some factors affecting gas turbine modelling. Some important considerations whilst modelling gas turbine system such as modelling objectives, modelling methods, as well as approaches in modelling gas turbines were investigated. These give basis and mathematical background to develop a gas turbine simulated model. The behaviour of simple cycle HDGT was simulated using thermodynamic laws and operational data based on Rowen model. Simulink model is created using experimental data based on Rowen’s model, which is aimed at exploring transient behaviour of an industrial gas turbine. The results show the capability of Simulink model in capture nonlinear dynamics of the gas turbine system, although constraint to be applied for further condition monitoring studies, due to lack of some suitable relevant correlated features required by the model. AI-based models were found to perform well in predicting gas turbines failures. These capabilities were investigated by this thesis and validated using an experimental data obtained from gas turbine engine facility. The dynamic behaviours gas turbines changes when exposed to different varieties of fuel. A diagnostics-based AI models were developed to diagnose different gas turbine engine’s failures associated with exposure to various types of fuels. The capabilities of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique have been harnessed to reduce the dimensionality of the dataset and extract good features for the diagnostics model development. Signal processing-based (time-domain, frequency domain, time-frequency domain) techniques have also been used as feature extraction tools, and significantly added more correlations to the dataset and influences the prediction results obtained. Signal processing played a vital role in extracting good features for the diagnostic models when compared PCA. The overall results obtained from both PCA, and signal processing-based models demonstrated the capabilities of neural network-based models in predicting gas turbine’s failures. Further, deep learning-based LSTM model have been developed, which extract features from the time series dataset directly, and hence does not require any feature extraction tool. The LSTM model achieved the highest performance and prediction accuracy, compared to both PCA-based and signal processing-based the models. In summary, it is concluded from this thesis that despite some challenges related to gas turbines Simulink Model for not being integrated fully for gas turbine condition monitoring studies, yet data-driven models have proven strong potentials and excellent performances on gas turbine’s CBM diagnostics. The models developed in this thesis can be used for design and manufacturing purposes on gas turbines applied to FLNG, especially on condition monitoring and fault detection of gas turbines. The result obtained would provide valuable understanding and helpful guidance for researchers and practitioners to implement robust predictive maintenance models that will enhance the reliability and availability of FLNG critical equipment.Petroleum Technology Development Funds (PTDF) Nigeri

    Annals [...].

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    Pedometrics: innovation in tropics; Legacy data: how turn it useful?; Advances in soil sensing; Pedometric guidelines to systematic soil surveys.Evento online. Coordenado por: Waldir de Carvalho Junior, Helena Saraiva Koenow Pinheiro, Ricardo Simão Diniz Dalmolin

    Exploring Topics in Bibliometric Research Through Citation Networks and Semantic Analysis.

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    This article surveys topic distributions of the academic literature that employs the terms bibliometrics, scientometrics, and informetrics. This exploration allows informing on the adoption of those terms and publication patterns of the authors acknowledging their work to be part of bibliometric research. We retrieved 20,268 articles related to bibliometrics and applied methodologies that exploit various features of the dataset to surface different topic representations. Across them, we observe major trends including discussions on theory, regional publication patterns, databases, and tools. There is a great increase in the application of bibliometrics as science mapping and decision-making tools in management, public health, sustainability, and medical fields. It is also observed that the term bibliometrics has reached an overall generality, while the terms scientometrics and informetrics may be more accurate in representing the core of bibliometric research as understood by the information and library science field. This article contributes by providing multiple snapshots of a field that has grown too quickly beyond the confines of library science

    Early Neanderthal social and behavioural complexity during the Purfleet Interglacial: handaxes in the latest Lower Palaeolithic.

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    Only a handful of ‘flagship’ sites from the Purfleet Interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage 9, c. 350-290,000 years ago) have been properly examined, but the archaeological succession at the proposed type-site at Purfleet suggests a period of complexity and transition, with three techno-cultural groups represented in Britain. The first was a simple toolkit lacking handaxes (the Clactonian), and the last a more sophisticated technology presaging the coming Middle Palaeolithic (simple prepared core or proto-Levallois technology). Sandwiched between were Acheulean groups, whose handaxes comprise the great majority of the extant archaeological record of the period – these are the focus of this study. It has previously been suggested that some features of the Acheulean in the Purfleet Interglacial were chronologically restricted, particularly the co-occurrence of ficrons and cleavers. These distinctive forms may have exceeded pure functionality and were perhaps imbued with a deeper social and cultural meaning. This study supports both the previously suggested preference for narrow, pointed morphologies, and the chronologically restricted pairing of ficrons and cleavers. By drawing on a wide spatial and temporal range of sites these patterns could be identified beyond the handful of ‘flagship’ sites previously studied. Hypertrophic ‘giants’ have now also been identified as a chronologically restricted form. Greater metrical variability was found than had been anticipated, leading to the creation of two new sub-groups (IA and IB) which are tentatively suggested to represent spatial and perhaps temporal patterning. The picture in the far west of Britain remains unclear, but the possibility of different Acheulean groups operating in the Solent area, and a late survival of the Acheulean, are both suggested. Handaxes with backing and macroscopic asymmetry may represent prehensile or ergonomic considerations not commonly found on handaxes from earlier interglacial periods. It is argued that these forms anticipate similar developments in the Late Middle Palaeolithic in an example of convergent evolution

    Antibody Targeting of HIV-1 Env: A Structural Perspective

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    A key component of contemporary efforts toward a human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) vaccine is the use of structural biology to understand the structural characteristics of antibodies elicited both from human patients and animals immunized with engineered 'immunogens,' or early vaccine candidates. This thesis will report on projects characterizing both types of antibodies against HIV-1. Chapter 1 will introduce relevant topics, including the reasons HIV-1 is particularly capable of evading the immune system in natural infection and after vaccination, the 20+ year history of unsuccessful HIV-1 vaccine large-scale efficacy trials, an introduction to broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), and a review of common strategies utilized in HIV-1 immunogen design today. Chapter 2 describes the isolation, high-resolution structural characterization, and in vitro resistance profile of a new bNAb, 1-18, that is both very broad and potent, as well as able to restrict HIV-1 escape in vivo. Chapter 3 reports the results of an epitope-focusing immunogen design and immunization experiment carried out in wild type mice, rabbits, and non-human primates where it was shown that B cells targeting the desired epitope were expanded after a single prime immunization with immunogen RC1 or a variant, RC1-4fill. Chapter 4 describes Ab1245, an off-target non-neutralizing monoclonal antibody isolated in a macaque that had been immunized with a series of sequential immunogens after the prime immunization reported in Chapter 3. The antibody structure describes a specific type of distracting response as it binds in a way that causes a large structural change in Env, resulting in the destruction of the neutralizing fusion peptide epitope. Chapter 5 is adapted from a review about how antibodies differentially recognize the viruses HIV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and Zika virus. This review serves as an introduction to the virus SARS-CoV-2, which is the topic of the final chapter, Chapter 6. In this chapter, structures of many neutralizing antibodies isolated from SARS-CoV-2 patients were used to define potentially therapeutic classes of neutralizing receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies based on their epitopes and binding profiles

    Cis-Regulation of Gremlin1 Expression during Mouse Limb Bud Development and its Diversification during Vertebrate Evolution

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    Embryonic development and organogenesis rely on tightly controlled gene expression, which is achieved by cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) interacting with distinct transcription factors (TFs) that control spatio-temporal and tissue-specific gene expression. During organogenesis, gene regulatory networks (GRNs) with selfregulatory feedback properties coordinately control growth and patterning and provide systemic robustness against genetic and/or environmental perturbations. During limb bud development, various interlinked GRNs control outgrowth and patterning along all three limb axes. A paradigm network is the epithelial-mesenchymal (e-m) SHH/GREM1/AER-FGF feedback signaling system which controls limb bud outgrowth and digit patterning. The BMP antagonist GREMLIN1 (GREM1) is central to this e-m interactions as its antagonism of BMP activity is essential to maintain both AER-Fgf and Shh expression. In turn, SHH signaling upregulates Grem1 expression, which results in establishment of a self-regulatory signaling network. One previous study provided evidence that several CRMs could regulate Grem1 expression during limb bud development. However, the cis-regulatory logics underlying the spatio-temporal regulation of the Grem1 expression dynamics remained obscure. From an evolutionary point of view, diversification of CRMs can result in diversification of gene regulation which can drive the establishment of morphological novelties and adaptions. This was evidenced by the observed differences in Grem1 expression in different species that correlates with the evolutionary plasticity of tetrapod digit patterning. Hence, a better understanding of spatio-temporal regulation of the Grem1 expression dynamics and underlying cis-regulatory logic is of interest from both adevelopmental and an evolutionary perspective. Recently, multiple candidate CRMs have been identified that might be functionally relevant for Grem1 expression during mouse limb bud development. For my PhD project, I genetically analyzed which of these CRMs are involved in the regulation of the spatial-temporal Grem1 expression dynamics in limb buds. Therefore, we generated various single and compound CRM mutant alleles using CRISPR/Cas9. Our CRMs allelic series revealed a complex Grem1 cis-regulation among a minimum of six CRMs, where a subset of CRMs regulates Grem1 transcript levels in an additive manner. Surprisingly, phenotypic robustness depends not on threshold transcript levels but the spatial integrity of the Grem1 expression domain. In particular, interactions among five CRMs control the characteristic asymmetrical and posteriorly biased Grem1 expression in mouse limb buds. Our results provide an example of how multiple seemingly redundant limb-specific CRMs provide phenotypical robustness by cooperative/synergistic regulation of the spatial Grem1 expression dynamics. Three CRMs are conserved along the phylogeny of extant vertebrates with paired appendages. Of those, the activities of two CRMs recapitulate the major spatiotemporal aspects of Grem1 expression in mouse limb buds. In order to study their functions in species-specific regulation of Grem1 expression and their functional diversification in tetrapods, I tested the orthologous of both CRMs from representative species using LacZ reporter assays in transgenic mice, in comparison to the endogenous Grem1 expression in limb buds of the species of origin. Surprisingly, the activities of CRM orthologues display high evolutionary plasticity, which correlates better with the Grem1 expression pattern in limb buds of the species of origin than its mouse orthologue. This differential responsiveness to the GRNs in mouse suggests that TF binding site alterations in CRMs could underlie the spatial diversification of Grem1 in limb buds during tetrapod evolution. While the fish fin and tetrapod limb share some homologies of proximal bones, the autopod is a neomorphic feature of tetrapods. The Grem1 requirement for digit patterning and conserved expression in fin buds prompted us to assess the enhancer activity of fish CRM orthologues in transgenic mice. Surprisingly, all tested fish CRMs are active in the mouse autopod primordia providing strong evidence that Grem1 CRMs are active in fin buds and that they predate the fin-to-limb transition. Our results corroborate increasing evidence that CRMs governing autopodial gene expression have been co-opted during the emergence of tetrapod autopod. Furthermore, as part of a collaboration with Dr. S. Jhanwar, I contributed to the study of shared and species-specific epigenomic and genomic variations during mouse and chicken limb bud development. In this analysis, Dr. S. Jhanwar identified putative enhancers that show higher chicken-specific sequence turnover rates in comparison to their mouse orthologues, which defines them as so-called chicken accelerated regions (CARs). Here, I analyzed the CAR activities in comparison to their mouse orthologues by transgenic LacZ reporter assays, which was complemented by analysis of the endogenous gene expression in limb buds of both species. This analysis indicates that diversified activity of CARs and their mouse orthologues could be linked to the differential gene expression patterns in limb buds of both species

    Chinese Benteng Women’s Participation in Local Development Affairs in Indonesia: Appropriate means for struggle and a pathway to claim citizen’ right?

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    It had been more than two decades passing by aftermath the devastating Asia’s Financial Crisis in 1997, subsequently followed by Suharto’s step down from his presidential throne which he occupied for more than three decades. The financial turmoil turned to a political disaster furthermore has led to massive looting that severely impacted Indonesians of Chinese descendant, including unresolved mystery of the most atrocious sexual violation against women and covert killings of students and democracy activists in this country. Since then, precisely aftermath May 1998, which publicly known as “Reformasi”1, Indonesia underwent political reform that eventually corresponded positively to its macroeconomic growth. Twenty years later, in 2018, Indonesia captured worldwide attention because it has successfully hosted two internationally renowned events, namely the Asian Games 2018 – the most prestigious sport events in Asia – conducted in Jakarta and Palembang; and the IMF/World Bank Annual Meeting 2018 in Bali. Particularly in the IMF/World Bank Annual Meeting, this event has significantly elevated Indonesia’s credibility and international prestige in the global economic powerplay as one of the nations with promising growth and openness. However, the narrative about poverty and inequality, including increasing racial tension, religious conservatism, and sexual violation against women are superseded by friendly climate for foreign investment and eventually excessive glorification of the nation’s economic growth. By portraying the image of promising new economic power, as rhetorically promised by President Joko Widodo during his presidential terms, Indonesia has swept the growing inequality in this highly stratified society that historically compounded with religious and racial tension under the carpet of digital economy.Arte y Humanidade

    Episodic outflow feedback in low-mass star formation

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    Protostellar outflows are a ubiquitous signpost of star formation. Even the youngest and most embedded sources launch outflows that entrain ambient core material, significantly altering the whole accretion phase of protostars. Thereby outflows reduce the star formation efficiency and determine the finial stellar mass. By extracting angular momentum outflows allow the stars to accrete mass from their surrounding accretion discs. In the case of low-mass star formation, outflows are considered to be the most important feedback mechanism. Observations of long chains of outflow bullets show that outflow feedback is episodic rather than continuous. How episodic outflow feedback impacts the evolution and outcome of star formation is still not fully understood. This thesis contains three publications addressing the impact of episodic outflow feedback on the star formation process and the fossil information carried by the outflows. Using an episodic, sub-grid outflow model in a total of 111 numerical smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations are performed to follow the star formation process through the early stages. These simulations contain a resolution and parameter study showing that episodic outflow feedback is highly self-regulating. Episodic protostellar outflows entrain about ten times their initially ejected mass, thereby approximately halving the star formation efficiency, resulting in a shifted stellar initial mass function. Protostellar outflows affect how the stars accrete by promoting disc accretion over radial accretion. The promoted disc accretion enhances the fraction of equal-mass twin binaries to a fraction in good agreement with observations. Simulations without outflow feedback form more stars and higher-order multiple systems, which predominantly break apart into binary systems. Outflow feedback enhances the stability of higher-order multiple systems such that the resulting multiplicity statistics are in good agreement with observations. Since the accretion of gas and the launching of outflows are highly connected, protostellar outflows carry fossil records of the launching protostar's accretion history. Hubble wedges in position-velocity diagrams correspond to episodically ejected outflow bullets that have not yet interacted with the cavity wall. Using the kinematic information carried by the outflow and especially by the bullets, it is possible to estimate stellar accretion rates. Dynamical ages of outflows and individual bullets give an estimate of the protostellar age and a history of outburst events. The outflow opening angle and activity help to differentiate between evolutionary stages. This information combined allows a reconstruction of the launching protostars accretion history. Episodic outflows significantly shape the evolution and morphology of the star formation process and should therefore be considered when studying star formation
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