A NASA-wide approach toward cost-effective, high-quality software through reuse

NASA Langley Research Center sponsored the second Workshop on NASA Research in Software Reuse on May 5-6, 1992 at the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The workshop was hosted by the Research Triangle Institute. Participants came from the three NASA centers, four NASA contractor companies, two research institutes and the Air Force's Rome Laboratory. The purpose of the workshop was to exchange information on software reuse tool development, particularly with respect to tool needs, requirements, and effectiveness. The participants presented the software reuse activities and tools being developed and used by their individual centers and programs. These programs address a wide range of reuse issues. The group also developed a mission and goals for software reuse within NASA. This publication summarizes the presentations and the issues discussed during the workshop

Software Reuse in Agile Development Organizations - A Conceptual Management Tool

The reuse of knowledge is considered a major factor for increasing productivity and quality. In the software industry knowledge is embodied in software assets such as code components, functional designs and test cases. This kind of knowledge reuse is also referred to as software reuse. Although the benefits can be substantial, software reuse has never reached its full potential. Organizations are not aware of the different levels of reuse or do not know how to address reuse issues. This paper proposes a conceptual management tool for supporting software reuse. Furthermore the paper presents the findings of the application of the management tool in an agile development organization

A conceptual model for megaprogramming

Megaprogramming is component-based software engineering and life-cycle management. Magaprogramming and its relationship to other research initiatives (common prototyping system/common prototyping language, domain specific software architectures, and software understanding) are analyzed. The desirable attributes of megaprogramming software components are identified and a software development model and resulting prototype megaprogramming system (library interconnection language extended by annotated Ada) are described

Sirkulær økonomi i byggenæringen : en toppmoderne studie på metoder for gjenbruk av bygningselementer

Our planet is currently facing the biggest challenge in the history of mankind. Rapid and brutal environmental changes are threatening existence as we know it and the only solution to this problem is to turn our utmost attention to sustainability. The building and infrastructure sector should in no way be given a free pass in this turn-around, on the contrary it should lead the way. The industry is responsible for an enormous consumption of energy and raw materials, draining limiting resources. Circular economy has across sciences been accepted as strategy with the potential to motivate a shift from a linear to a circular consumption of resources. A fundamental idea of circular economy is to close the material loop. In other words, produce less, minimize waste, and instead reuse. In the building sector reuse and recycling are considered important to secure a sustainable industry. Unlike recycling, reuse demand few resources to fill a new purpose, making it a valuable practice with a low carbon footprint. Therefore, the industry is looking at different ways to implement reuse as a part of modern structural design. The structural system of a building represents a large share of the total mass, so this results in that the reuse of structural components should be a priority. Harvesting elements from existing buildings and demolition projects can remove the need for virgin production and by this reduce the environmental impact of a new project. Current work and research are trying to bridge the gap separating the potential and the practice of reuse. The first products of this work are recently published as the BREEAM-NOR v.6.0. Manual and Standard NS 3682:2022. These have already showed great value and importance. Research reviewed in this study have revealed that limited documentation and uncertainties regarding materials and their properties are limiting the practice of reuse. To increase the value and efficiency of reuse in the future, the industry has started to consider the reuse potential already during the design phase. An important contribution is the implementation of design for deconstruction (DfD) and material passports (MP). Methods that provide more information and increases the transparency, yielding dynamic structures adaptable to future changes.Kloden opplever for øyeblikket den største utfordringen i menneskenes historie hittil. Raske og brutale miljøendringer truer eksistensen som vi kjenner den og den eneste redningen er å rette vår fulle oppmerksomhet til bærekraftige løsninger. Bygg og infrastruktur-sektoren burde på ingen måte få slippe unna omveltningen, men burde heller gå foran som gode forbilder. Byggenæringen står ansvarlig for et enormt forbruk av energi og råvarer, dette tapper jorda for begrensede ressurser. Sirkulærøkonomi har på tvers av flere vitenskaper blitt akseptert som en strategi med potensialet til å motivere et skifte fra et lineært til er sirkulært forbruk av ressurser. En fundamental tanke med sirkulærøkonomi er å lukke kretsløpet til materialene. Med andre ord, produsere mindre, minimere avfall og heller gjenbruke. I bygg- og anleggsektoren er gjenbruk og resirkulering vurdert til å være viktig for å sikre en bærekraftig byggenæring. I motsetning til resirkulering, så krever gjenbruk lite til ingen prosessering til å fylle et nytt formål. Det gjør gjenbruk til en verdifull metode med lavt karbonavtrykk. Bransjen undersøker derfor ulike metoder for å implementere gjenbruk som en del av moderne konstruksjonsteknikk. Bæresystemet til et bygg representerer en stor del av den totale bygningsmassen. Dette tilsier at gjenbruk av strukturelle komponenter burde være en prioritet. Ved å innhente elementer fra eksisterende bygninger og rivingsprosjekter kan behovet for ny produksjon bli mindre og dermed redusere klimafotavtrykket til nye prosjekter. Moderne forskning forsøker nå å finne løsninger som kan knytte sammen potensialet og utførelsen av gjenbruk. De første produktene av dette arbeidet er to dokumenter som nylig ble publisert som henholdsvis BREEAM-NOR v.6.0 og Standard NS 3682:2022. Disse har allerede vist bemerkelsesverdig viktighet og potensiale. Forskning studert i denne oppgaven har avdekket at begrenset dokumentasjon og usikkerhet knyttet til materialer og deres egenskaper begrenser praktiseringen av gjenbruk. For å øke verdien og effektiviteten av gjenbruk i fremtiden har byggenæringen nå begynt å vurdere gjenbrukspotensialet allerede i designfasen. Et viktig bidrag til dette er design for demontering (DfD) og digitale pass for materialer (material passports, MP). Metodene gir mer informasjon og øker transparentheten. Dette resulterer i dynamiske bygninger som er tilpasningsdyktige og rustet for fremtidige forandringer dersom de skulle oppstå.M-B

Verification and validation in software product line engineering

Verification and Validation (V&V) is currently performed during application development for many systems, especially safety-critical and mission-critical systems. However, the V&V process has been limited to single system development. This dissertation describes the extension of V&V from an individual application system to a product line of systems that are developed within an architecture-based software engineering environment.;In traditional V&V, the system provides the context under which the software will be evaluated, and V&V activities occur during all phases of the system development lifecycle. The transition to a product line approach to development removes the individual system as the context for evaluation, and introduces activities that are not directly related to a specific system. This dissertation presents an approach to V&V of software product lines that uses the domain model and the domain architecture as the context for evaluation, and enables V&V to be performed throughout the modified lifecycle introduced by domain engineering.;This dissertation presents three advances that assist in the adaptation of V&V from single application systems to a product line of systems. The first is a framework for performing V&V that includes the activities of traditional application-level V&V, and extends these activities into domain engineering and into the transition between domain engineering and application engineering. The second is a detailed method to extend the crucial V&V activity of criticality analysis from single system development to a product line of systems. The third advance is an approach to enable formal reasoning, which is needed for high assurance systems, on systems that are based on commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) products

Plans for the development of cryogenic engines for space exploration

The NASA Lewis Research Center (LeRC) is conducting a broad range of basic research and focused technology development activities in both aeronautical and space propulsion. By virtue of the successful conduct of these programs, LeRC is strongly qualified to lead Advanced Development and subsequent development programs on cryogenic space propulsion systems on support of the Space Exploration Initiative. A review is provided of technology status, including recent progress in the ongoing activities, and a top level description of the proposed program

GResilient index to assess the greenness and resilience of the automotive supply chain

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to suggest an Index entitled GResilient Index to assess the greenness and resilience of the automotive companies and corresponding supply chain. Design/methodology/approach: An integrated assessment model is proposed based on Green and Resilient practices. These practices are weighted according to their importance to the automotive supply chain competitiveness. The Delphi technique is used to obtain the weights for the focused supply chain paradigms and corresponding practices. The model is then tested using a case study approach in the automotive supply chain. Findings: The case study results confirmed the applicability of this Index in a real-world supply chain. The results show that the Resilient supply chain management paradigm is the one considered as the one that more contributes for the automotive supply chain competitiveness. Research limitations/implications: The proposed Index was developed in the automotive sector context therefore it could not be adjusted to a different one. Future research could consider other aggregation methods for the Index construction. Practical implications: Supply chain participants will be able to evaluate the performance of their companies or supply chain in terms of Green and Resilient paradigms. Also, the Index can be effectively employed for functional benchmarking among competing companies and supply chains.Green; resilient; supply chain management; index; automotive industry

Component trustworthiness in an enterprise software platform ecosystem

Enterprise software packages are increasingly designed as ex-tendable software platforms. These platforms are characterised by modular architecture that allows third parties to innovate and create value through the development of complementary applications. The development process of complementary applications from scratch is resource-intensive. One way of optimising the development process is by using the component-based software engineering (CBSE) approach that focuses on software reuse and suggests building applications with reusable components. There is a considerable amount of literature on CBSE; however, there has been little discussion on how component-based software engineering can strengthen third-party application development in the context of an enterprise software platform ecosystem. Specifically, it is unclear how the challenge of component trustworthiness can be addressed in this context. To explore this, we conducted a design science research(DSR) study to answer the following question: What are design principles pertaining to component trustworthiness for implementing a component repository that facilitates component reuse in an enterprise software platform ecosystem? In our study, we have explored the potential for component reuse in the ecosystem of the global health software platform DHIS2 by designing and developing a prototype component repository. Duringthe design and development process, two design principles were identi-fied: Principle of component trustworthiness and Principle of balanced certification. These principles are to guide researchers and practitioners on how a component repository can be implemented in the context of an enterprise software platform ecosystem

Circular Business Models for the Solar Power Industry - Guide for Policy Makers

Solar power and electric vehicles (EV) are set to play a leading role in the achievement of the 2030 EU renewable targets and the commitment to carbon neutrality by 2050. Importantly, solar photovoltaics (PV), in combination with energy storage, also has the potential to significantly enhance European energy security, provide citizens and industry with competitive energy, and lead to the creation of thousands of jobs in manufacturing, installation, maintenance, and end-of-life management. While the expected rapid growth of the solar power sector over the coming decade will bring along various resource and waste management challenges, following a circular economy strategy can ensure that these will be handled in a proactive and future-proof manner. Furthermore, a circular economy approach will offer the European solar industry new business opportunities in the design and manufacturing of circular-ready products, as well as in the reuse, refurbishment and recycling of older solar panels.In response to the emerging resource and waste challenges of the solar power and battery sectors, the CIRCUSOL Innovation Action project (funded by the Horizon2020 programme of the European Commission) explored a number of innovative approaches and strategies towards circular business models in these two sectors. Specifically, the project focused on four circularity strategies: (1) reuse of discarded PV panels in second-life applications, and enabled through service-based business models; (2) repurposing of EVBs in second-life applications, specifically for stationary storage of solar power, and enabled through service-based business models; (3) ecodesign of PV panels; and (4) recycling of PV panels through innovative techniques.This guide for policy makers is based on the lessons learned in the CIRCUSOL project from 2018-2022. It compiles key findings from the project and seeks to sketch out pathways and strategies on the way forward. As such, the report aims to contribute to a debate across policy makers, industry representatives, experts and other stakeholders about a potential future policy and governance framework that could catalyze the transition towards circular and resource-efficient solar power and EV battery sectors in Europe