2,495 research outputs found
Intelligent networking with Mobile Edge Computing: Vision and Challenges for Dynamic Network Scheduling
Mobile edge computing (MEC) has been considered as a promising technique for
internet of things (IoT). By deploying edge servers at the proximity of
devices, it is expected to provide services and process data at a relatively
low delay by intelligent networking. However, the vast edge servers may face
great challenges in terms of cooperation and resource allocation. Furthermore,
intelligent networking requires online implementation in distributed mode. In
such kinds of systems, the network scheduling can not follow any previously
known rule due to complicated application environment. Then statistical
learning rises up as a promising technique for network scheduling, where edges
dynamically learn environmental elements with cooperations. It is expected such
learning based methods may relieve deficiency of model limitations, which
enhance their practical use in dynamic network scheduling. In this paper, we
investigate the vision and challenges of the intelligent IoT networking with
mobile edge computing. From the systematic viewpoint, some major research
opportunities are enumerated with respect to statistical learning
Characterizing Application Scheduling on Edge, Fog and Cloud Computing Resources
Cloud computing has grown to become a popular distributed computing service
offered by commercial providers. More recently, Edge and Fog computing
resources have emerged on the wide-area network as part of Internet of Things
(IoT) deployments. These three resource abstraction layers are complementary,
and provide distinctive benefits. Scheduling applications on clouds has been an
active area of research, with workflow and dataflow models serving as a
flexible abstraction to specify applications for execution. However, the
application programming and scheduling models for edge and fog are still
maturing, and can benefit from learnings on cloud resources. At the same time,
there is also value in using these resources cohesively for application
execution. In this article, we present a taxonomy of concepts essential for
specifying and solving the problem of scheduling applications on edge, for and
cloud computing resources. We first characterize the resource capabilities and
limitations of these infrastructure, and design a taxonomy of application
models, Quality of Service (QoS) constraints and goals, and scheduling
techniques, based on a literature review. We also tabulate key research
prototypes and papers using this taxonomy. This survey benefits developers and
researchers on these distributed resources in designing and categorizing their
applications, selecting the relevant computing abstraction(s), and developing
or selecting the appropriate scheduling algorithm. It also highlights gaps in
literature where open problems remain.Comment: Pre-print of journal article: Varshney P, Simmhan Y. Characterizing
application scheduling on edge, fog, and cloud computing resources. Softw:
Pract Exper. 2019; 1--37. https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.269
Energy and Information Management of Electric Vehicular Network: A Survey
The connected vehicle paradigm empowers vehicles with the capability to
communicate with neighboring vehicles and infrastructure, shifting the role of
vehicles from a transportation tool to an intelligent service platform.
Meanwhile, the transportation electrification pushes forward the electric
vehicle (EV) commercialization to reduce the greenhouse gas emission by
petroleum combustion. The unstoppable trends of connected vehicle and EVs
transform the traditional vehicular system to an electric vehicular network
(EVN), a clean, mobile, and safe system. However, due to the mobility and
heterogeneity of the EVN, improper management of the network could result in
charging overload and data congestion. Thus, energy and information management
of the EVN should be carefully studied. In this paper, we provide a
comprehensive survey on the deployment and management of EVN considering all
three aspects of energy flow, data communication, and computation. We first
introduce the management framework of EVN. Then, research works on the EV
aggregator (AG) deployment are reviewed to provide energy and information
infrastructure for the EVN. Based on the deployed AGs, we present the research
work review on EV scheduling that includes both charging and vehicle-to-grid
(V2G) scheduling. Moreover, related works on information communication and
computing are surveyed under each scenario. Finally, we discuss open research
issues in the EVN
Adaptive learning-based resource management strategy in fog-to-cloud
Technology in the twenty-first century is rapidly developing and driving us into a new smart computing world, and emerging lots
of new computing architectures. Fog-to-Cloud (F2C) is among one of them, which emerges to ensure the commitment for
bringing the higher computing facilities near to the edge of the network and also help the large-scale computing system to be
more intelligent. As the F2C is in its infantile state, therefore one of the biggest challenges for this computing paradigm is to
efficiently manage the computing resources. Mainly, to address this challenge, in this work, we have given our sole interest for
designing the initial architectural framework to build a proper, adaptive and efficient resource management mechanism in F2C.
F2C has been proposed as a combined, coordinated and hierarchical computing platform, where a vast number of
heterogeneous computing devices are participating. Notably, their versatility creates a massive challenge for effectively handling
them. Even following any large-scale smart computing system, it can easily recognize that various kind of services is served for
different purposes. Significantly, every service corresponds with the various tasks, which have different resource requirements.
So, knowing the characteristics of participating devices and system offered services is giving advantages to build effective and
resource management mechanism in F2C-enabled system. Considering these facts, initially, we have given our intense focus for
identifying and defining the taxonomic model for all the participating devices and system involved services-tasks.
In any F2C-enabled system consists of a large number of small Internet-of-Things (IoTs) and generating a continuous and
colossal amount of sensing-data by capturing various environmental events. Notably, this sensing-data is one of the key
ingredients for various smart services which have been offered by the F2C-enabled system. Besides that, resource statistical
information is also playing a crucial role, for efficiently providing the services among the system consumers. Continuous
monitoring of participating devices generates a massive amount of resource statistical information in the F2C-enabled system.
Notably, having this information, it becomes much easier to know the device's availability and suitability for executing some tasks
to offer some services. Therefore, ensuring better service facilities for any latency-sensitive services, it is essential to securely
distribute the sensing-data and resource statistical information over the network. Considering these matters, we also proposed
and designed a secure and distributed database framework for effectively and securely distribute the data over the network.
To build an advanced and smarter system is necessarily required an effective mechanism for the utilization of system resources.
Typically, the utilization and resource handling process mainly depend on the resource selection and allocation mechanism. The
prediction of resources (e.g., RAM, CPU, Disk, etc.) usage and performance (i.e., in terms of task execution time) helps the
selection and allocation process. Thus, adopting the machine learning (ML) techniques is much more useful for designing an
advanced and sophisticated resource allocation mechanism in the F2C-enabled system. Adopting and performing the ML
techniques in F2C-enabled system is a challenging task. Especially, the overall diversification and many other issues pose a
massive challenge for successfully performing the ML techniques in any F2C-enabled system. Therefore, we have proposed and
designed two different possible architectural schemas for performing the ML techniques in the F2C-enabled system to achieve
an adaptive, advance and sophisticated resource management mechanism in the F2C-enabled system. Our proposals are the
initial footmarks for designing the overall architectural framework for resource management mechanism in F2C-enabled system.La tecnologia del segle XXI avança ràpidament i ens condueix cap a un nou món intel·ligent, creant nous models d'arquitectures informàtiques. Fog-to-Cloud (F2C) és un d’ells, i sorgeix per garantir el compromís d’acostar les instal·lacions informàtiques a prop de la xarxa i també ajudar el sistema informàtic a gran escala a ser més intel·ligent. Com que el F2C es troba en un estat preliminar, un dels majors reptes d’aquest paradigma tecnològic és gestionar eficientment els recursos informàtics. Per fer front a aquest repte, en aquest treball hem centrat el nostre interès en dissenyar un marc arquitectònic per construir un mecanisme de gestió de recursos adequat, adaptatiu i eficient a F2C.F2C ha estat concebut com una plataforma informàtica combinada, coordinada i jeràrquica, on participen un gran nombre de dispositius heterogenis. La seva versatilitat planteja un gran repte per gestionar-los de manera eficaç. Els serveis que s'hi executen consten de diverses tasques, que tenen requisits de recursos diferents. Per tant, conèixer les característiques dels dispositius participants i dels serveis que ofereix el sistema és un requisit per dissenyar mecanismes eficaços i de gestió de recursos en un sistema habilitat per F2C. Tenint en compte aquests fets, inicialment ens hem centrat en identificar i definir el model taxonòmic per a tots els dispositius i sistemes implicats en l'execució de tasques de serveis. Qualsevol sistema habilitat per F2C inclou en un gran nombre de dispositius petits i connectats (conegut com a Internet of Things, o IoT) que generen una quantitat contínua i colossal de dades de detecció capturant diversos events ambientals. Aquestes dades són un dels ingredients clau per a diversos serveis intel·ligents que ofereix F2C. A més, el seguiment continu dels dispositius participants genera igualment una gran quantitat d'informació estadística. En particular, en tenir aquesta informació, es fa molt més fàcil conèixer la disponibilitat i la idoneïtat dels dispositius per executar algunes tasques i oferir alguns serveis. Per tant, per garantir millors serveis sensibles a la latència, és essencial distribuir de manera equilibrada i segura la informació estadística per la xarxa. Tenint en compte aquests assumptes, també hem proposat i dissenyat un entorn de base de dades segura i distribuïda per gestionar de manera eficaç i segura les dades a la xarxa. Per construir un sistema avançat i intel·ligent es necessita un mecanisme eficaç per a la gestió de l'ús dels recursos del sistema. Normalment, el procés d’utilització i manipulació de recursos depèn principalment del mecanisme de selecció i assignació de recursos. La predicció de l’ús i el rendiment de recursos (per exemple, RAM, CPU, disc, etc.) en termes de temps d’execució de tasques ajuda al procés de selecció i assignació. Adoptar les tècniques d’aprenentatge automàtic (conegut com a Machine Learning, o ML) és molt útil per dissenyar un mecanisme d’assignació de recursos avançat i sofisticat en el sistema habilitat per F2C. L’adopció i la realització de tècniques de ML en un sistema F2C és una tasca complexa. Especialment, la diversificació general i molts altres problemes plantegen un gran repte per realitzar amb èxit les tècniques de ML. Per tant, en aquesta recerca hem proposat i dissenyat dos possibles esquemes arquitectònics diferents per realitzar tècniques de ML en el sistema habilitat per F2C per aconseguir un mecanisme de gestió de recursos adaptatiu, avançat i sofisticat en un sistema F2C. Les nostres propostes són els primers passos per dissenyar un marc arquitectònic general per al mecanisme de gestió de recursos en un sistema habilitat per F2C.Postprint (published version
Essentiality of managing the resource information in the coordinated fog-to-cloud paradigm
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Sengupta, S, Garcia, J, Masip‐Bruin, X. Essentiality of managing the resource information in the coordinated fog‐to‐cloud paradigm. Int J Commun Syst. 2019, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.4286. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.Fog-to-cloud (F2C) computing is an emerging computational platform. By combing the cloud, fog, and IoT, it provides an excellent framework for managing and coordinating the resources in any smart computing domain. Efficient management of these kinds of diverse resources is one of the critical tasks in the F2C system. Also, it must be considered that different types of services are offered by any smart system. So, before managing these resources and enabling the various types of services, it is essential to have some comprehensive informational catalogue of resources and services. Hence, after identifying the resource and service-task taxonomy, our main aim in this paper is finding out a solution for properly organizing this information over the F2C system. For that purpose, we are proposing a modified F2C framework where all the information is distributively stored near to the edge of the network. Finally, by presenting some experimental results, we evaluate and validate the performance of our proposing framework.This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and by the European
Regional Development Fund (FEDER) under contract RTI2018-094532-B-I00 and by the H2020 European Union mF2C
project with reference 730929.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Delay-aware Resource Allocation in Fog-assisted IoT Networks Through Reinforcement Learning
Fog nodes in the vicinity of IoT devices are promising to provision low
latency services by offloading tasks from IoT devices to them. Mobile IoT is
composed by mobile IoT devices such as vehicles, wearable devices and
smartphones. Owing to the time-varying channel conditions, traffic loads and
computing loads, it is challenging to improve the quality of service (QoS) of
mobile IoT devices. As task delay consists of both the transmission delay and
computing delay, we investigate the resource allocation (i.e., including both
radio resource and computation resource) in both the wireless channel and fog
node to minimize the delay of all tasks while their QoS constraints are
satisfied. We formulate the resource allocation problem into an integer
non-linear problem, where both the radio resource and computation resource are
taken into account. As IoT tasks are dynamic, the resource allocation for
different tasks are coupled with each other and the future information is
impractical to be obtained. Therefore, we design an on-line reinforcement
learning algorithm to make the sub-optimal decision in real time based on the
system's experience replay data. The performance of the designed algorithm has
been demonstrated by extensive simulation results
Machine Intelligence Techniques for Next-Generation Context-Aware Wireless Networks
The next generation wireless networks (i.e. 5G and beyond), which would be
extremely dynamic and complex due to the ultra-dense deployment of
heterogeneous networks (HetNets), poses many critical challenges for network
planning, operation, management and troubleshooting. At the same time,
generation and consumption of wireless data are becoming increasingly
distributed with ongoing paradigm shift from people-centric to machine-oriented
communications, making the operation of future wireless networks even more
complex. In mitigating the complexity of future network operation, new
approaches of intelligently utilizing distributed computational resources with
improved context-awareness becomes extremely important. In this regard, the
emerging fog (edge) computing architecture aiming to distribute computing,
storage, control, communication, and networking functions closer to end users,
have a great potential for enabling efficient operation of future wireless
networks. These promising architectures make the adoption of artificial
intelligence (AI) principles which incorporate learning, reasoning and
decision-making mechanism, as natural choices for designing a tightly
integrated network. Towards this end, this article provides a comprehensive
survey on the utilization of AI integrating machine learning, data analytics
and natural language processing (NLP) techniques for enhancing the efficiency
of wireless network operation. In particular, we provide comprehensive
discussion on the utilization of these techniques for efficient data
acquisition, knowledge discovery, network planning, operation and management of
the next generation wireless networks. A brief case study utilizing the AI
techniques for this network has also been provided.Comment: ITU Special Issue N.1 The impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on
communication networks and services, (To appear
Internet of Things for Residential Areas: Toward Personalized Energy Management Using Big Data
Intelligent management of machines, particularly in a residence area, has
been of interest for many years. However, such system design has always been
limited to simple control of machines from a local area or remotely from the
Internet. In this report, for the first time, an intelligent system is
proposed, where not only provides intelligent control ability of machines to
user, but also utilizes big data and optimization techniques to provide
promotional offers to the user to optimize energy consumption of machines.
Since a high traffic communication is involved among the machines and the
optimization-big data core of system, the communication core of the proposed
system is designed based on cloud, where many challenging issues such as
spectrum assignment and resource management are involved. To deal with that,
the communication network in the home area network (HAN) is designed based on
the cognitive radio system, where a new spectrum assignment method based on the
ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is proposed to perform spectrum
assignment to the machines in the HAN. Performance evaluation of the proposed
spectrum assignment method shows its performance in fair spectrum assignment
among machines.Comment: Draft of technical report. Limited version under preparation for
submissio
Next-generation Wireless Solutions for the Smart Factory, Smart Vehicles, the Smart Grid and Smart Cities
5G wireless systems will extend mobile communication services beyond mobile
telephony, mobile broadband, and massive machine-type communication into new
application domains, namely the so-called vertical domains including the smart
factory, smart vehicles, smart grid, smart city, etc. Supporting these vertical
domains comes with demanding requirements: high-availability, high-reliability,
low-latency, and in some cases, high-accuracy positioning. In this survey, we
first identify the potential key performance requirements of 5G communication
in support of automation in the vertical domains and highlight the 5G enabling
technologies conceived for meeting these requirements. We then discuss the key
challenges faced both by industry and academia which have to be addressed in
order to support automation in the vertical domains. We also provide a survey
of the related research dedicated to automation in the vertical domains.
Finally, our vision of 6G wireless systems is discussed briefly
Fog Assisted Cloud Models for Smart Grid Architectures- Comparison Study and Optimal Deployment
Cloud Computing (CC) serves to be a key driver for fulfilling the store and
compute requirements of a modern Smart Grid (SG). However, since the
datacenters are deployed in concentrated and far remote areas, it fails to
guarantee the quality of experience (QoE) attributes for the SG services, viz.
latency, bandwidth, energy consumption, and network cost. Fog Computing (FC)
extends the processing capabilities into the edge of the network, offering
location-awareness, low latency, and latency-sensitive analytics for mission
critical requirements of SG. In this work, we first examine the current state
of cloud based SG architectures and highlight the motivation(s) for adopting FC
as technology enabler for sustainable and real-time SG analytics. Then we
present a hierarchical FC architecture for supporting integration of massive
number of IoT devices into future SG. Following this architecture we proposed a
cost optimization framework that jointly investigates data consumer
association, workload distribution, virtual machine placement and QoS
constraints towards viable deployment of FC model over SG networks. The
formulated MINLP problem is then solved using Modified Differential Evolution
(MDE) algorithm. Comprehensive evaluation of proposed framework on real world
parameters shows that for an infrastructure with nearly 50% applications
requesting real-time services, the overall service latency for fog computing
get reduced to almost half of that of generic cloud paradigm. It is also
observed that the fog assisted cloud framework lowers the aggregated
electricity consumption of the pure cloud computing paradigm by more than 40%.Comment: 8 figures, 1 tabl
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