27,376 research outputs found
Energy and Information Management of Electric Vehicular Network: A Survey
The connected vehicle paradigm empowers vehicles with the capability to
communicate with neighboring vehicles and infrastructure, shifting the role of
vehicles from a transportation tool to an intelligent service platform.
Meanwhile, the transportation electrification pushes forward the electric
vehicle (EV) commercialization to reduce the greenhouse gas emission by
petroleum combustion. The unstoppable trends of connected vehicle and EVs
transform the traditional vehicular system to an electric vehicular network
(EVN), a clean, mobile, and safe system. However, due to the mobility and
heterogeneity of the EVN, improper management of the network could result in
charging overload and data congestion. Thus, energy and information management
of the EVN should be carefully studied. In this paper, we provide a
comprehensive survey on the deployment and management of EVN considering all
three aspects of energy flow, data communication, and computation. We first
introduce the management framework of EVN. Then, research works on the EV
aggregator (AG) deployment are reviewed to provide energy and information
infrastructure for the EVN. Based on the deployed AGs, we present the research
work review on EV scheduling that includes both charging and vehicle-to-grid
(V2G) scheduling. Moreover, related works on information communication and
computing are surveyed under each scenario. Finally, we discuss open research
issues in the EVN
Aqua Computing: Coupling Computing and Communications
The authors introduce a new vision for providing computing services for
connected devices. It is based on the key concept that future computing
resources will be coupled with communication resources, for enhancing user
experience of the connected users, and also for optimising resources in the
providers' infrastructures. Such coupling is achieved by Joint/Cooperative
resource allocation algorithms, by integrating computing and communication
services and by integrating hardware in networks. Such type of computing, by
which computing services are not delivered independently but dependent of
networking services, is named Aqua Computing. The authors see Aqua Computing as
a novel approach for delivering computing resources to end devices, where
computing power of the devices are enhanced automatically once they are
connected to an Aqua Computing enabled network. The process of resource
coupling is named computation dissolving. Then, an Aqua Computing architecture
is proposed for mobile edge networks, in which computing and wireless
networking resources are allocated jointly or cooperatively by a Mobile Cloud
Controller, for the benefit of the end-users and/or for the benefit of the
service providers. Finally, a working prototype of the system is shown and the
gathered results show the performance of the Aqua Computing prototype.Comment: A shorter version of this paper will be submitted to an IEEE magazin
Follow Me at the Edge: Mobility-Aware Dynamic Service Placement for Mobile Edge Computing
Mobile edge computing is a new computing paradigm, which pushes cloud
computing capabilities away from the centralized cloud to the network edge.
However, with the sinking of computing capabilities, the new challenge incurred
by user mobility arises: since end-users typically move erratically, the
services should be dynamically migrated among multiple edges to maintain the
service performance, i.e., user-perceived latency. Tackling this problem is
non-trivial since frequent service migration would greatly increase the
operational cost. To address this challenge in terms of the performance-cost
trade-off, in this paper we study the mobile edge service performance
optimization problem under long-term cost budget constraint. To address user
mobility which is typically unpredictable, we apply Lyapunov optimization to
decompose the long-term optimization problem into a series of real-time
optimization problems which do not require a priori knowledge such as user
mobility. As the decomposed problem is NP-hard, we first design an
approximation algorithm based on Markov approximation to seek a near-optimal
solution. To make our solution scalable and amenable to future 5G application
scenario with large-scale user devices, we further propose a distributed
approximation scheme with greatly reduced time complexity, based on the
technique of best response update. Rigorous theoretical analysis and extensive
evaluations demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed centralized and
distributed schemes.Comment: The paper is accepted by IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in
Communications, Aug. 201
Six Key Enablers for Machine Type Communication in 6G
While 5G is being rolled out in different parts of the globe, few research
groups around the world such as the Finnish 6G Flagship program have
already started posing the question: \textit{What will 6G be?} The 6G vision is
a data-driven society, enabled by near instant unlimited wireless connectivity.
Driven by impetus to provide vertical-specific wireless network solutions,
machine type communication encompassing both its mission critical and massive
connectivity aspects is foreseen to be an important cornerstone of 6G
development. This article presents an over-arching vision for machine type
communication in 6G. In this regard, some relevant performance indicators are
first anticipated, followed by a presentation of six key enabling technologies.Comment: 14 pages, five figures, submitted to IEEE Communications Magazine for
possible publicatio
Application Management in Fog Computing Environments: A Taxonomy, Review and Future Directions
The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm is being rapidly adopted for the
creation of smart environments in various domains. The IoT-enabled
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) associated with smart city, healthcare, Industry
4.0 and Agtech handle a huge volume of data and require data processing
services from different types of applications in real-time. The Cloud-centric
execution of IoT applications barely meets such requirements as the Cloud
datacentres reside at a multi-hop distance from the IoT devices. \textit{Fog
computing}, an extension of Cloud at the edge network, can execute these
applications closer to data sources. Thus, Fog computing can improve
application service delivery time and resist network congestion. However, the
Fog nodes are highly distributed, heterogeneous and most of them are
constrained in resources and spatial sharing. Therefore, efficient management
of applications is necessary to fully exploit the capabilities of Fog nodes. In
this work, we investigate the existing application management strategies in Fog
computing and review them in terms of architecture, placement and maintenance.
Additionally, we propose a comprehensive taxonomy and highlight the research
gaps in Fog-based application management. We also discuss a perspective model
and provide future research directions for further improvement of application
management in Fog computing
Cybertwin: An Origin of Next Generation Network Architecture
With fast development of Internet of Everything (IoE) and its applications,
the ever increasing mobile internet traffic and services bring unprecedented
challenges including scalability, mobility, availability, and security which
cannot be addressed by the current clean-slate network architecture. In this
paper, a cybertwin based next generation network architecture is proposed to
accomodate the evolution from end-to-end connection to cloud-to-end connection
in the future network. As a digital representation of human or things in the
virtual cyberspace, cybertwin serves in multiple capacities, such as
communications assistant, network data logger, and digital asset owner. The new
and unique characteristics of the cybertwin make the proposed network to be
flexible, scalable, reliable, and secure. Further, we advocate a new cloud
network operating system which can work in a distributed way through a
real-time multi-agent trading platform to allocate 3C (computing, caching,
communications) resources. We also propose cloud operator, a new operator that
can provide and manage the resources to the end users and offer location and
authentication services for human and things in the cyberspace. Some promising
and open research topics are discussed to envision the challenges and
opportunities of the cybertwin in the future network architecture.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, submitted to IEEE Wireless Communications
Magazine on 7 April 201
Towards Service-oriented 5G: Virtualizing the Networks for Everything-as-a-Service
It is widely acknowledged that the forthcoming 5G architecture will be highly
heterogeneous and deployed with a high degree of density. These changes over
the current 4G bring many challenges on how to achieve an efficient operation
from the network management perspective. In this article, we introduce a
revolutionary vision of the future 5G wireless networks, in which the network
is no longer limited by hardware or even software. Specifically, by the idea of
virtualizing the wireless networks, which has recently gained increasing
attention, we introduce the Everything-as-a-Service (XaaS) taxonomy to light
the way towards designing the service-oriented wireless networks. The concepts,
challenges along with the research opportunities for realizing XaaS in wireless
networks are overviewed and discussed.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure
Multi-access Edge Computing: The driver behind the wheel of 5G-connected cars
The automotive and telco industries have taken an investment bet on the
connected car market, pushing for the digital transformation of the sector by
exploiting recent Information and Communication Technology (ICT) progress. As
ICT developments continue, it is expected that the technology advancements will
be able to fulfill the sophisticated requirements for vehicular use cases, such
as low latency and reliable communications for safety, high computing power to
process large amount of sensed data, and increased bandwidth for on-board
infotainment.
The aforementioned requirements have received significant focus during the
ongoing definition of the 3GPP 5G mobile standards, where there has been a
drive to facilitate vertical industries such as automotive, in addition to
providing the core aspects of the communication infrastructure. Of the
technology enablers for 5G, Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) can be considered
essential. That is, a cloud environment located at the edge of the network, in
proximity of the end-users and coupled with the service provider's network
infrastructure. Even before 5G is rolled out, current mobile networks can
already target support for these challenging use cases using MEC technology.
This is because MEC is able to fulfill low latency and high bandwidth
requirements, and, in addition, it lends itself to be deployed at the vertical
industrial sector premises such as road infrastructure, air/sea ports, smart
factories, etc., thus, bringing computing power where it is needed most.
This work showcases the automotive use cases that are relevant for MEC,
providing insights into the technologies specified and investigated by the ETSI
MEC Industry Specification Group (ISG), who were the pioneer in creating a
standardized computing platform for advanced mobile networks with regards to
network edge related use cases.Comment: submitted to IEEE Communications Standards Magazin
From Network Sharing to Multi-tenancy: The 5G Network Slice Broker
The ever-increasing traffic demand is pushing network operators to find new
cost-efficient solutions towards the deployment of future 5G mobile networks.
The network sharing paradigm was explored in the past and partially deployed.
Nowadays, advanced mobile network multi-tenancy approaches are increasingly
gaining momentum paving the way towards further decreasing Capital Expenditures
and Operational Expenditures (CAPEX/OPEX) costs, while enabling new business
opportunities. This paper provides an overview of the 3GPP standard evolution
from network sharing principles, mechanisms and architectures to future
on-demand multi-tenant systems. In particular, it introduces the concept of the
5G Network Slice Broker in 5G systems, which enables mobile virtual network
operators, over-the-top providers and industry vertical market players to
request and lease resources from infrastructure providers dynamically via
signaling means. Finally, it reviews the latest standardization efforts
considering remaining open issues for enabling advanced network slicing
solutions taking into account the allocation of virtualized network functions
based on ETSI NFV, the introduction of shared network functions and flexible
service chaining.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in IEEE Commmunications
Magazin
Fog Computing: Focusing on Mobile Users at the Edge
With smart devices, particular smartphones, becoming our everyday companions,
the ubiquitous mobile Internet and computing applications pervade people daily
lives. With the surge demand on high-quality mobile services at anywhere, how
to address the ubiquitous user demand and accommodate the explosive growth of
mobile traffics is the key issue of the next generation mobile networks. The
Fog computing is a promising solution towards this goal. Fog computing extends
cloud computing by providing virtualized resources and engaged location-based
services to the edge of the mobile networks so as to better serve mobile
traffics. Therefore, Fog computing is a lubricant of the combination of cloud
computing and mobile applications. In this article, we outline the main
features of Fog computing and describe its concept, architecture and design
goals. Lastly, we discuss some of the future research issues from the
networking perspective.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
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