284 research outputs found

    Proceedings of the Resilient Materials 4 Life 2020 (RM4L2020) International Conference

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    The abstracts and posters appearing in this book comprise the proceedings of the RM4L2020 International Conference, held between the 20th and 22nd of September 2021. The posters presented reflect the authors’ opinions and are published as presented and without change (formatting and minor editing expected). Their inclusion in this publication does not necessarily constitute endorsement by the editors, RM4L, or Cardiff University

    2016 Scholarly Productivity Report

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    https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/care-scholarly_productivity_reports/1003/thumbnail.jp

    Regeneration of the Built Environment from a Circular Economy Perspective

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    This open access book explores the strategic importance and advantages of adopting multidisciplinary and multiscalar approaches of inquiry and intervention with respect to the built environment, based on principles of sustainability and circular economy strategies. A series of key challenges are considered in depth from a multidisciplinary perspective, spanning engineering, architecture, and regional and urban economics. These challenges include strategies to relaunch socioeconomic development through regenerative processes, the regeneration of urban spaces from the perspective of resilience, the development and deployment of innovative products and processes in the construction sector in order to comply more fully with the principles of sustainability and circularity, and the development of multiscale approaches to enhance the performance of both the existing building stock and new buildings. The book offers a rich selection of conceptual, empirical, methodological, technical, and case study/project-based research. It will be of value for all who have an interest in regeneration of the built environment from a circular economy perspective

    Sustainability and resilience assessment of a planned floating city

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    Coastal urban spaces are home to a large portion of the global population. In recent times, climate change and the increasing need for new housing due to population growth are profoundly influencing these delicate realities, threatening the lifestyle of millions of people living near the coast. In response to these challenges the whole world is mobilizing with new ideas, investing in new and revolutionary projects, building ingenious infrastructures. The Korean city of Busan, in collaboration with the United Nations, has proposed the world first floating city design scheme, OCEANIX Busan. This adaptive solution to sea level rise envisions to accommodate a community of more than 10,000 residents and visitors, with the capacity to expand and house more than 100,000 people, being at the same time fully sustainable with solar panels, wind turbines, locally sourced recyclable materials and other green solutions, and with all the water used treated and recycled. Although this topic is not entirely new and there exist numerous case studies and research papers about this idea, for some reason a floating city has not yet been successful. Various designs have been presented at different times but, so far, no one has truly succeeded. Besides, it's not an everyday thing to build a floating city. These trailblazing projects face with huge responsibilities and challenges but if they turn out to be feasible and their realization turns out to be possible, floating cities could be really a way to adapt to the effects of sea level rise caused by climate change. This thesis focuses on exploring the challenges that the OCEANIX project would face and proposes, comparing and analyzing, on a theoretical basis, technical and planning elements of the world first floating city design. Through this approach, this work aims to provide enough tools to allow the reader to formulate an opinion about the real sustainability and feasibility of this innovative floating city scheme.Coastal urban spaces are home to a large portion of the global population. In recent times, climate change and the increasing need for new housing due to population growth are profoundly influencing these delicate realities, threatening the lifestyle of millions of people living near the coast. In response to these challenges the whole world is mobilizing with new ideas, investing in new and revolutionary projects, building ingenious infrastructures. The Korean city of Busan, in collaboration with the United Nations, has proposed the world first floating city design scheme, OCEANIX Busan. This adaptive solution to sea level rise envisions to accommodate a community of more than 10,000 residents and visitors, with the capacity to expand and house more than 100,000 people, being at the same time fully sustainable with solar panels, wind turbines, locally sourced recyclable materials and other green solutions, and with all the water used treated and recycled. Although this topic is not entirely new and there exist numerous case studies and research papers about this idea, for some reason a floating city has not yet been successful. Various designs have been presented at different times but, so far, no one has truly succeeded. Besides, it's not an everyday thing to build a floating city. These trailblazing projects face with huge responsibilities and challenges but if they turn out to be feasible and their realization turns out to be possible, floating cities could be really a way to adapt to the effects of sea level rise caused by climate change. This thesis focuses on exploring the challenges that the OCEANIX project would face and proposes, comparing and analyzing, on a theoretical basis, technical and planning elements of the world first floating city design. Through this approach, this work aims to provide enough tools to allow the reader to formulate an opinion about the real sustainability and feasibility of this innovative floating city scheme

    Understanding Security Threats in Cloud

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    As cloud computing has become a trend in the computing world, understanding its security concerns becomes essential for improving service quality and expanding business scale. This dissertation studies the security issues in a public cloud from three aspects. First, we investigate a new threat called power attack in the cloud. Second, we perform a systematical measurement on the public cloud to understand how cloud vendors react to existing security threats. Finally, we propose a novel technique to perform data reduction on audit data to improve system capacity, and hence helping to enhance security in cloud. In the power attack, we exploit various attack vectors in platform as a service (PaaS), infrastructure as a service (IaaS), and software as a service (SaaS) cloud environments. to demonstrate the feasibility of launching a power attack, we conduct series of testbed based experiments and data-center-level simulations. Moreover, we give a detailed analysis on how different power management methods could affect a power attack and how to mitigate such an attack. Our experimental results and analysis show that power attacks will pose a serious threat to modern data centers and should be taken into account while deploying new high-density servers and power management techniques. In the measurement study, we mainly investigate how cloud vendors have reacted to the co-residence threat inside the cloud, in terms of Virtual Machine (VM) placement, network management, and Virtual Private Cloud (VPC). Specifically, through intensive measurement probing, we first profile the dynamic environment of cloud instances inside the cloud. Then using real experiments, we quantify the impacts of VM placement and network management upon co-residence, respectively. Moreover, we explore VPC, which is a defensive service of Amazon EC2 for security enhancement, from the routing perspective. Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) is a serious cyber-threat, cloud vendors are seeking solutions to ``connect the suspicious dots\u27\u27 across multiple activities. This requires ubiquitous system auditing for long period of time, which in turn causes overwhelmingly large amount of system audit logs. We propose a new approach that exploits the dependency among system events to reduce the number of log entries while still supporting high quality forensics analysis. In particular, we first propose an aggregation algorithm that preserves the event dependency in data reduction to ensure high quality of forensic analysis. Then we propose an aggressive reduction algorithm and exploit domain knowledge for further data reduction. We conduct a comprehensive evaluation on real world auditing systems using more than one-month log traces to validate the efficacy of our approach

    Sustainable pavements for rural scenarios: laboratory and in-situ characterization of recycled materials and innovative construction solutions

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    Growing need for infrastructure has led to expanding research on advances in road pavement materials. Finding solutions that are sustainable, environmentally friendly and cost-efficient is a priority. Focusing such efforts on low-traffic and rural roads can contribute with a significant progress in the vital circulatory system of transport for rural and agricultural areas. An important alternative material for pavement construction is recycled aggregates from solid wastes, including waste from civil engineering activities, mainly construction and demolition. A literature review on studies is made; it is performed a planned set of laboratory testing procedures aimed to fully characterize and assess the potential in-situ mechanical performance and chemical impact. Furthermore, monitoring the full-scale response of the selected materials in a real field construction site, including the production, laying and compaction operations. Moreover, a novel single-phase solution for the construction of semi-flexible paving layers to be used as alternative material to common concrete and bituminous layers is experimented and introduced, aiming the production and laying of a single-phase laid material instead of a traditional two phases grouted macadam. Finally, on a parallel research work for farming pavements, the possible use of common geotechnical anti-erosive products for the improvement of soil bearing capacity of paddock areas in cattle husbandries of bio-farms is evaluated. this thesis has clearly demonstrated the feasibility of using the sustainable recycled aggregates for low-traffic rural roads and the pavements of farming and agriculture areas. The pavement layers constructed with recycled aggregates provided satisfying performance under heavy traffic conditions in experimental pavements. This, together with the fact that these aggregates can be available in most areas and in large quantities, provides great impetus towards shifting from traditional materials to more sustainable alternatives. The chemical and environmental stability of these materials proves their soundness to be utilized in farming environments.La Trovare soluzioni innovative che siano sostenibili, rispettose dell'ambiente ed efficienti in termini di costi è oggi una priorità. Concentrare tali sforzi sulle strade a basso traffico e rurali può contribuire ad uno sviluppo significativo nel sistema dei trasporti per le aree agricole. Un importante materiale alternativo per la costruzione di pavimentazioni è l’aggregato riciclato, compresi i rifiuti provenienti da attività di ingegneria civile. L'utilizzo di tale materiale alternativo richiede l'adozione di metodi tecnici e procedure di valutazione adeguati, in particolare per le applicazioni su strade rurali a basso traffico. In questa tesi, viene inizialmente effettuata una revisione completa della letteratura sugli studi precedentemente svolti su specifiche, analisi, test e casi di studio di aggregati riciclati. Viene eseguita una serie pianificata di test di laboratorio volte a caratterizzare e valutare le potenziali prestazioni meccaniche in situ e l'impatto chimico/ambientale. Il monitoraggio della risposta su vasta scala dei materiali in cantiere reale, comprese le operazioni di produzione, posa e compattazione, è stato effettuato sperimentata e introdotta una nuova soluzione monofase per la realizzazione di manti semi-flessibili da utilizzare come materiale alternativo ai comuni manti cementizi e bituminosi, finalizzata alla produzione e alla posa in opera di un materiale prodotto in un’unica fase, invece di un tradizionale macadam stuccato in due fasi. Questa tesi ha dimostrato la fattibilità dell'utilizzo di aggregati riciclati sostenibili per strade rurali a basso traffico e pavimentazioni di aree agricole.Questo, insieme al fatto che questi aggregati possono essere disponibili nella maggior parte delle aree e in grandi quantità, fornisce un grade risultato per incentivare il passaggio dai materiali tradizionali ad alternative più sostenibili. Oltre alle notevoli prestazioni portanti, la stabilità chimica e ambientale di questi materiali, sulla base delle misure di lisciviazione

    International Conference on Building Resilience 2011: Book of Abstract

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    Building Resilience brings together contributions from the 2011 Conference of the International Institute for Infrastructure Renewal and Reconstruction, held at Kandalama, Sri Lanka, 19th – 21st July 2011. It includes 109 abstracts by scholars and practioners around the world. The full papers are available on an accompanying USB drive. With growing population and infrastructures, the world’s exposure to hazards – of natural and man-made origin – is inevitably increasing. This reality reinforces the need to proactively consider disaster risk as a part of the sustainable development agenda. The International Conference on Building Resilience will encourage debate on individual, institutional and societal coping strategies to address the challenges associated with disaster risk. Central to these strategies is the concept of resilience, which is becoming a core concept in the social and physical sciences, and also in matters of public policy. Resilience refers to the capability and capacity of systems to withstand change. By encouraging participation from researchers in the social and physical sciences, the conference will explore inter-disciplinary strategies that develop the capacity of a system, community or society potentially exposed to disaster related hazards, to adapt, by resisting or changing, in order to reach and maintain an acceptable level of functioning and structure. The conference outcomes will be used to support the 2010-2011 World Disaster Reduction Campaign ‘Making Cities Resilient’, which addresses issues of local governance and urban risk while drawing upon previous ISDR Campaigns on safer schools and hospitals, as well as on the sustainable urbanizations principles developed in the UN-Habitat World Urban Campaign 2009-2013. Mayors and their local governments are both the key targets and drivers of the campaign. The overall target of the Campaign is to get as many local governments ready as possible, to span a global network of fully engaged cities of different sizes, characteristics, risk profiles and locations. The campaign is focusing on raising political commitment to disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation among local governments and mayors; including through high profile media and public awareness activities
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