How 5G wireless (and concomitant technologies) will revolutionize healthcare?

The need to have equitable access to quality healthcare is enshrined in the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which defines the developmental agenda of the UN for the next 15 years. In particular, the third SDG focuses on the need to “ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”. In this paper, we build the case that 5G wireless technology, along with concomitant emerging technologies (such as IoT, big data, artificial intelligence and machine learning), will transform global healthcare systems in the near future. Our optimism around 5G-enabled healthcare stems from a confluence of significant technical pushes that are already at play: apart from the availability of high-throughput low-latency wireless connectivity, other significant factors include the democratization of computing through cloud computing; the democratization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and cognitive computing (e.g., IBM Watson); and the commoditization of data through crowdsourcing and digital exhaust. These technologies together can finally crack a dysfunctional healthcare system that has largely been impervious to technological innovations. We highlight the persistent deficiencies of the current healthcare system and then demonstrate how the 5G-enabled healthcare revolution can fix these deficiencies. We also highlight open technical research challenges, and potential pitfalls, that may hinder the development of such a 5G-enabled health revolution

Health 4.0: Applications, Management, Technologies and Review

The Industry 4.0 Standard (I4S) employs technologies for automation and data exchange through cloud computing, Big Data (BD), Internet of Things (IoT), forms of wireless Internet, 5G technologies, cryptography, the use of semantic database (DB) design, Augmented Reality (AR) and Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR). Its healthcare extension is the so-called Health 4.0. This study informs about Health 4.0 and its potential to extend, virtualize and enable new healthcare-related processes (e.g., home care, finitude medicine, and personalized/remotely triggered pharmaceutical treatments) and transform them into services. In the future, these services will be able to virtualize multiple levels of care, connect devices and move to Personalized Medicine (PM). The Health 4.0 Cyber-Physical System (HCPS) contains several types of computers, communications, storage, interfaces, biosensors, and bioactuators. The HCPS paradigm permits observing processes from the real world, as well as monitoring patients before, during and after surgical procedures using biosensors. Besides, HCPSs contain bioactuators that accomplish the intended interventions along with other novel strategies to deploy PM. A biosensor detects some critical outer and inner patient conditions and sends these signals to a Decision-Making Unit (DMU). Mobile devices and wearables are present examples of gadgets containing biosensors. Once the DMU receives signals, they can be compared to the patient’s medical history and, depending on the protocols, a set of measures to handle a given situation will follow. The part responsible for the implementation of the automated mitigation actions are the bioactuators, which can vary from a buzzer to the remote-controlled release of some elements in a capsule inside the patient’s body.             Decentralizing health services is a challenge for the creation of health-related applications. Together, CBIR systems can enable access to information from multimedia and multimodality images, which can aid in patient diagnosis and medical decision-making. Currently, the National Health Service addresses the application of communication tools to patients and medical teams to intensify the transfer of treatments from the hospital to the home, without disruption in outpatient services. HCPS technologies share tools with remote servers, allowing data embedding and BD analysis and permit easy integration of healthcare professionals expertise with intelligent devices.  However, it is undeniable the need for improvements, multidisciplinary discussions, strong laws/protocols, inventories about the impact of novel techniques on patients/caregivers as well as rigorous tests of accuracy until reaching the level of automating any medical care technological initiative

An Efficient CNN-Based Deep Learning Model to Detect Malware Attacks (CNN-DMA) in 5G-IoT Healthcare Applications

The role of 5G-IoT has become indispensable in smart applications and it plays a crucial part in e-health applications. E-health applications require intelligent schemes and architectures to overcome the security threats against the sensitive data of patients. The information in e-healthcare applications is stored in the cloud which is vulnerable to security attacks. However, with deep learning techniques, these attacks can be detected, which needs hybrid models. In this article, a new deep learning model (CNN-DMA) is proposed to detect malware attacks based on a classifier—Convolution Neural Network (CNN). The model uses three layers, i.e., Dense, Dropout, and Flatten. Batch sizes of 64, 20 epoch, and 25 classes are used to train the network. An input image of 32 × 32 × 1 is used for the initial convolutional layer. Results are retrieved on the Malimg dataset where 25 families of malware are fed as input and our model has detected is Alueron.gen!J malware. The proposed model CNN-DMA is 99% accurate and it is validated with state-of-the-art techniques

Modelling of Internet of Things (IoT) for Healthcare

Purpose: Information technology benefits the world, and it’s required for health care system, such as electronic medical records (EMR). We have proposed systematic model to study hoe IoT with 5g network has potential to benefit various healthcare services. For example, telemedicine may have some usage restrictions in rural areas and physicians may find it difficult to provide continuous monitoring to patients from such area. There are higher chances that the calls or video conferences getting significantly affected by poor networks and signals as well as non-compatible devices and patient may not get the treatment on time. 5G networking with IoT devices are believed to be the game changer for communication technology. The IoT model assists in attaining information by measuring its benefits through criteria which include 5G and IoT features along with a healthcare service requirement. Purpose of this paper is to present a model using Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G technology which will help to understand improved efficiency and efficacy of healthcare services. Our main research methodologies are literature review and modeling. The obtained results can be used for information technology applications in healthcare for various healthcare services and assist in increasing health quality in the healthcare industry.Method: Created a model to set the standard for incorporating 5G IoT devices health related technology and services. Reviewed through several models that serve as potential model to involve key factors that are unique certain healthcare services. We picked one model that can be easily incorporated in the system and can be revised to fit within the requirements using 5G IoT devices. Gathering of related literature served as a foundation in understanding the benefits of 5G IoT in the healthcare systems and parameters were pooled from it to revise the IoT model. Results: Incorporating 5G IoT features into a chosen model gave an overview of various determinants that can help understanding how IoT can influence any healthcare service and improve the quality of health. There are no rules and restrictions for use and utilization of this technology for health management yet in developing stage however, healthcare systems can rely on the 5G IoT devices for quality betterment. Conclusion: IoT with 5G has potential to improve healthcare management. The 5G world with an IoT will allow us to enter an era where real-time health services will become the part of the daily routine rather than the exception. However, further research needs to be done about its usage within any kind of specific health technology. Future research directions can utilize our model for other lesser known healthcare services

5G Smart and innovative Healthcare services: opportunities, challenges and prospective solutions

Due to its abilities to boost productivity, reduce costs and enhance user experiences, smart healthcare is widely recognised as a potential solution to reduce pressures on existing health systems. Since the new era of 5G will unite enhanced connectivity, improved cloud-based storage and interconnection of an array of devices and services, a massive boost in the digital transformation of healthcare is expected. In this transformation process, healthcare services such as medical diagnosis, treatment and remote surgery will be facilitated by a range of technologies such as Internet of Things, Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, among others, that will advance further under 5G. Moreover, real-time health services will become a reality and will offer people with quality care and improved experiences. On the other hand, different challenges can hinder the proliferation of 5G smart and innovative healthcare solutions, including security and heterogeneous devices. This chapter presents how 5G will boost digital transformation of healthcare through delivery and consumption of smart and innovative healthcare services, while probing into key hurdles in the process as well as prospective solutions

Cybersecurity and the Digital Health: An Investigation on the State of the Art and the Position of the Actors

Cybercrime is increasingly exposing the health domain to growing risk. The push towards a strong connection of citizens to health services, through digitalization, has undisputed advantages. Digital health allows remote care, the use of medical devices with a high mechatronic and IT content with strong automation, and a large interconnection of hospital networks with an increasingly effective exchange of data. However, all this requires a great cybersecurity commitment—a commitment that must start with scholars in research and then reach the stakeholders. New devices and technological solutions are increasingly breaking into healthcare, and are able to change the processes of interaction in the health domain. This requires cybersecurity to become a vital part of patient safety through changes in human behaviour, technology, and processes, as part of a complete solution. All professionals involved in cybersecurity in the health domain were invited to contribute with their experiences. This book contains contributions from various experts and different fields. Aspects of cybersecurity in healthcare relating to technological advance and emerging risks were addressed. The new boundaries of this field and the impact of COVID-19 on some sectors, such as mhealth, have also been addressed. We dedicate the book to all those with different roles involved in cybersecurity in the health domain

A System Perspective to Privacy, Security and Resilience in Mobile Applications

Mobile applications have changed our life so much, but they also create problems related to privacy which is one of basic human rights. Protection (or security) of privacy is an important issue in mobile applications owing to the high likelihood of privacy violation nowadays. This thesis is devoted to a fundamental study on the privacy issue in mobile applications. The overall objective of the thesis is to advance our understanding of privacy and its relevant concepts in the context of mobile applications. There are three specific objectives with this thesis. Objective 1 is to have a more comprehensive understanding of the concepts of privacy, security and resilience (PSR for short) along with their relationship in the context of mobile applications. Objective 2 is to develop the principles of design of a mobile application system with a satisfactory PSR. Objective 3 is to develop a demonstration system (PSR demo for short) to illustrate how the principles of design can be applied. A salient approach was taken in this thesis, that is based on a general knowledge architecture called FCBPSS (F: function, C: context, B: behavior, P: principle. SS: state and structure). An analysis of literature was conducted first, resulting in a classification of various privacies against the FCPBSS architecture, followed by developing a theory of privacy, protection of privacy (security), and resilience of the system that performs protection of privacy, PSR theory for short. The principles of design of a mobile application system based on the PSR theory were then developed, which are expected to guide the practice of developing a mobile application for satisfactory privacy protection. Finally, a demonstration system, regarding the doctor booking for minimum waiting time and energy consumption, was developed to issue how the PSR theory and design principles work. The main contribution of this thesis is the development of the concept of PSR, especially the relationship among privacy (P), security (S), and resilience (R), and a set of design rules to develop a mobile application based on the PSR theory

Barriers to Digital Services Adoption in Bangladesh

This report uncovered many barriers to digital services in Bangladesh with a particular focus on access to digital connectivity, digital financial services, e-health, and online education. The 5 As of technology access were used as a framework to uncover barriers across these areas as well as connectivity. The report found significant barriers to the use of digital services regarding availability, affordability, awareness, ability, and agency across connectivity and the three digital service areas. The findings of the 5 As analysis are summarised as follow. First, 97% of Bangladesh is covered by a mobile signal. However, not everyone has continuous access or access to the same speed (e.g. 2g, 3g, 4g). 97 % of Bangladesh is covered by a mobile signal. However, not everyone has continuous access or access to the same speed (e.g. 2g, 3g, 4g). Second, Mobile phone ownership and connectivity eat up a greater share of income for the poor. Although bKash, Bangladesh’s leading mobile money providers is inexpensive when compared to mobile money providers in other countries and does not burden the poor with regressive pricing strategies, people living below the poverty line are still less likely to use it. Third, 67% of people in Bangladesh do not have Internet awareness (LIRNEasia 2018). Awareness is also low for digital services. Fourth, not knowing how to use the Internet is the main barrier they faced by 67% of offline Bangladeshis. Fifth, women are less likely to be mobile phone owners and Internet users than men globally (ITU, 2017). This trend is especially pronounced in Bangladesh where 58% of women vs. 87% of men own mobile phones (a 34% gap) and 7% of women vs. 18% of men use the Internet (a 62% gap) (After Access 2018b)