An East Meets West Approach to the Understanding of Emotion Dysregulation in Depression: From Perspective to Scientific Evidence

Depression, an emotion regulation disorder, is a prevalent mental illness in the world. Meanwhile, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been increasingly regarded as a promising and effective alternative therapy approach for patients with depression. Despite many years of research on depression, the current understanding of the pathological mechanism of depression based on TCM theories is still in its infancy. Due to the lack of scientific evidence in the past, TCM is not fully recognized by researchers around the world. This review firstly summarizes the pathogenesis and etiology of depression in terms of both Eastern and Western medical systems. Secondly, it adopts an integrated Eastern and Western approach to propose some plausible neurophysiological pathways linking the liver, spleen, and heart functions explicated in TCM theory. The aim of this theoretical review is to bridge the knowledge gap between Eastern and Western medicine, which may better explain the pathology of depression

HIV In Communities of Color: The Compendium of Culturally Competent Promising Practices: THE ROLE OF TRADITIONAL HEALING IN HIV CLINICAL MANAGEMENT

Softback manual of compiled resources and best practices in connecting clinicians to some of the traditional practices of their patients. Also available for order as CD-ROM.https://dh.howard.edu/nmaetc_pubs/1006/thumbnail.jp

Chinese compound formula on post-stroke rehabilitation.

Chan, Chun Kit.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-161).Abstracts in English and Chinese.Chapter Chaper 1 --- Introduction --- p.1Chapter 1.1 --- General introduction to cerebral stroke --- p.1Chapter 1.2 --- Different types of cerebral stroke --- p.2Chapter 1.3 --- Statistics --- p.3Chapter 1.4 --- Symptoms of cerebral stroke --- p.4Chapter 1.5 --- Complications of cerebral stroke --- p.5Chapter 1.6 --- Risks and preventions of cerebral stroke --- p.6Chapter 1.7 --- Cerebral stroke treatment --- p.8Chapter 1.8 --- Post stroke rehabilitation --- p.11Chapter 1.9 --- Mechanisms of stroke --- p.15Chapter 1.9.1 --- Energy production failure and loss of ionic homeostasis --- p.15Chapter 1.9.2 --- Excitotoxicity --- p.16Chapter 1.9.3 --- Calcium ions mediated toxicity --- p.17Chapter 1.9.4 --- Passive neuronal cell death --- p.18Chapter 1.9.5 --- Oxidative stress --- p.19Chapter 1.9.6 --- Inflammation --- p.22Chapter 1.9.7 --- Apoptosis --- p.25Chapter 1.10 --- Potential therapeutic agents for cerebral stroke --- p.24Chapter 1.10.1 --- Anti-oxidative enzyme and free radical scavengers --- p.24Chapter 1.10.2 --- Ions channel blockers and glutamate antagonists --- p.26Chapter 1.10.3 --- Anti-inflammatory agent --- p.28Chapter 1.10.4 --- Anti-apoptotic agent --- p.28Chapter 1.11 --- Experimental model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion --- p.29Chapter 1.11.1 --- In vitro model (oxygen and glucose deprivation model) --- p.29Chapter 1.11.2 --- In vivo model (Middle cerebral artery occlusion) --- p.31Chapter 1.12 --- Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) --- p.32Chapter 1.12.1 --- General Introduction to Traditional Chinese Medicine --- p.32Chapter 1.12.2 --- TCM and cerebral stroke --- p.33Chapter 1.12.3 --- Chinese compound formula --- p.34Chapter 1.12.4 --- Introduction to individual herb --- p.34Chapter 1.12.4.1 --- Astragali Radix (Pinyin name: Huangqi) --- p.34Chapter 1.12.4.2 --- Rhizoma Chuanxiong (Pinyin name: Chuanxiong) --- p.35Chapter 1.12.4.3 --- Radix Salviae Miltorrhizae (Pinyin name: Danshen) --- p.35Chapter 1.12.4.4 --- Cassia Obtusifolia Linne (Pinyin name: Jue Ming Zi) --- p.36Chapter 1.12.4.5 --- Radix Glycyrrhizae (Pinyin name: Gancao) --- p.37Chapter 1.12.4.6 --- Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Pinyin name: Dongquai) --- p.37Chapter 1.12.4.7 --- Paeoniae Veitchii Radix (Pinyin name: Chi Shao) --- p.38Chapter 1.12.5 --- Salvianolic acid B --- p.39Chapter 1.13 --- Aim of study --- p.40Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.41Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.41Chapter 2.1.1 --- Drug --- p.41Chapter 2.1.1.1 --- Herbal Medicine --- p.41Chapter 2.1.1.2 --- Herbal extraction of PSR --- p.42Chapter 2.1.1.3 --- Herbal extraction of individual herb --- p.43Chapter 2.1.1.4 --- Salvianolic acid B --- p.43Chapter 2.1.2 --- Chemical --- p.44Chapter 2.1.3 --- Animal --- p.48Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.49Chapter 2.2.1 --- (AAPH)- induced erythrocyte hemolysis --- p.49Chapter 2.2.2 --- Cell Culture study --- p.51Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Cell Line --- p.51Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Cell differentiation --- p.52Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- In vitro model of ischemia - Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) experiment --- p.53Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Cell viability assay --- p.54Chapter 2.2.3 --- In vivo Study --- p.54Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurement --- p.54Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- In vivo transient focal cerebral ischemia model - Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) --- p.55Chapter 2.2.3.3 --- Administration of PSR --- p.57Chapter 2.2.3.4 --- Administration of salvianolic acid B (SAB) --- p.59Chapter 2.2.3.5 --- Measurement of brain infarct volume --- p.60Chapter 2.2.3.6 --- In vivo anti-oxidative enzyme activity determination in the brain --- p.61Chapter 2.2.3.6.1 --- Brain tissue preparation --- p.61Chapter 2.2.3.6.2 --- Tissue homogenization and protein extraction --- p.61Chapter 2.2.3.6.3 --- Protein concentration determination --- p.63Chapter 2.2.3.6.4 --- Catalase activity determination in the brain --- p.63Chapter 2.2.3.6.5 --- Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) activity determination in the brain --- p.64Chapter 2.2.3.6.6 --- The Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity determination in the brain --- p.65Chapter 2.2.3.7 --- Behavioral Evaluation --- p.66Chapter 2.2.3.7.1 --- Neurological behavioural test --- p.66Chapter 2.2.3.7.2 --- Shuttle box escape experiment --- p.67Chapter 2.3 --- Statistical analyses --- p.71Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results --- p.72Chapter 3.1 --- In vitro model of ischemia - Oxygen glucose and deprivation (OGD) experiment --- p.72Chapter 3.2 --- AAPH assay of PSR --- p.75Chapter 3.3 --- AAPH assay of individual herb --- p.77Chapter 3.4 --- Brain slices after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) experiment --- p.81Chapter 3.5 --- Brain infarct volume of single dose protocol --- p.83Chapter 3.6 --- Neurological behavioural test of single dose protocol --- p.85Chapter 3.7 --- Brain infarct volume of double doses protocol --- p.87Chapter 3.8 --- Neurological behavioural test of double doses protocol --- p.89Chapter 3.9 --- Determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the brain --- p.91Chapter 3.10 --- Determination of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the brain --- p.93Chapter 3.11 --- Determination of catalase activity in the brain --- p.95Chapter 3.12 --- Brain infarction volume of Salvianolic acid B (SAB) treatment --- p.98Chapter 3.13 --- Neurological behavioural test of SAB treatment --- p.100Chapter 3.14 --- Shuttle box performance in training and testing series --- p.102Chapter 3.15 --- Change in shuttle box performance (% avoidance c.f. last day of training) in testing series --- p.104Chapter 3.16 --- Escape latency in testing and training series --- p.107Chapter 3.17 --- Change in escape latency (c.f. last day of training) in testing series --- p.109Chapter 3.18 --- Brain infarct volume of shuttle box escape experiment --- p.112Chapter 3.19 --- Neurological score in shuttle box escape experiment --- p.114Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussion --- p.117Chapter 4.1 --- The protective effect of PSR in in vitro oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line --- p.117Chapter 4.1.1 --- OGD model and cell line --- p.117Chapter 4.1.2 --- Protective effect of PSR in OGD experiment --- p.118Chapter 4.1.3 --- Free radical scavenging property of PSR --- p.120Chapter 4.2 --- The protective effects of PSR in in vivo middle cerebral artery (MCAo) model --- p.121Chapter 4.2.1 --- The shortcomings of in vitro OGD model --- p.121Chapter 4.2.2 --- Development of in vivo MCAo model and TTC staining --- p.122Chapter 4.2.3 --- Protective effect of PSR in MCAo experiment (single dose protocol) --- p.124Chapter 4.2.4 --- Protective effect of PSR in MCAo experiment (double doses protocol) --- p.125Chapter 4.2.5 --- The effect of PSR toward neurological deficits --- p.127Chapter 4.2.6 --- Anti-oxidative effects of PSR in MCAo model --- p.128Chapter 4.3 --- The protective effects of SAB in in vivo middle cerebral artery (MCAo) model --- p.130Chapter 4.3.1 --- Free radical scavenging property of different herbs --- p.130Chapter 4.3.2 --- Selection of pure compound that used to treat stroke --- p.131Chapter 4.3.3 --- Protective effect of Salvianolic B in MCAo experiment --- p.132Chapter 4.3.4 --- The effect of SAB toward neurological deficits --- p.133Chapter 4.4 --- The effects of PSR and SAB on stroked rats' performance in shuttle box escape experiment --- p.134Chapter 4.4.1 --- Establishment of shuttle box escape experiment --- p.134Chapter 4.4.2 --- Effects of PSR and SAB on avoidance performance --- p.135Chapter 4.4.3 --- Effects of PSR and SAB on escape latency --- p.138Chapter 4.5 --- Assessment on the contribution of SAB to the protective effect of PSR --- p.140Chapter 4.6 --- Comparison of acute and chronic testing --- p.140Chapter 4.6.1 --- The protective effect of the drugs (Histopathological examination) --- p.140Chapter 4.6.2 --- The severity of motor deficit (Neurological score) --- p.141Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion and Future prospect --- p.143Chapter 5.1 --- Conclusion --- p.143Chapter 5.2 --- Future prospect --- p.144References --- p.14

Pain Management

Pain Management - Current Issues and Opinions is written by international experts who cover a number of topics about current pain management problems, and gives the reader a glimpse into the future of pain treatment. Several chapters report original research, while others summarize clinical information with specific treatment options. The international mix of authors reflects the "casting of a broad net" to recruit authors on the cutting edge of their area of interest. Pain Management - Current Issues and Opinions is a must read for the up-to-date pain clinician

Applications of Medical Physics

Applications of Medical Physics” is a Special Issue of Applied Sciences that has collected original research manuscripts describing cutting-edge physics developments in medicine and their translational applications. Reviews providing updates on the latest progresses in this field are also included. The collection includes a total of 20 contributions by authors from 9 different countries, which cover several areas of medical physics, spanning from radiation therapy, nuclear medicine, radiology, dosimetry, radiation protection, and radiobiology

End-of-life care in China: ecology of hope

In this thesis I explore the current end-of-life care provision as experienced by older people with advanced cancer in three distinct care settings in Yunnan China: a hospice, an inpatient palliative care ward and a self-help organisation. In particular, I focus on the role of "hope" at the end of life, hope having emerged as a significant aspect of participant's experiences. I took a "multiple-embedded case study" approach, employing mainly qualitative interviewing and observation to capture the richness and complexity of the experience of end-of-life care in different settings. The findings show that mainstream health care for advanced cancer in China focused on curative western medicine and failed to alleviate prevalent pain and symptoms. Specialised palliative/end-of-life care services adapted from the western palliative care model contributed mainly to relieving cancer pain and symptoms. "Total care for the whole person" - the core of the palliative care philosophy, was an aggregate of the resources located in the family, health care and the broader sociocultural environment. The study revealed the nature of hope as essentially affirming life in all circumstances and as situated and fostered in a "hierarchical social and cultural ecology of hope" (Feudtner 2005, p. S23) comprising an individual, his or her family, care providers and other physical, social and cultural elements. The fostering of hope, as a resource at the end of life, has implications for improving care and support at multiple levels - personal, interpersonal and social and cultural. Hence, it is suitable to take the public health approach proposed by Kellehear (2005) to advance palliative care development in China because it endorses a compassionate approach to death and dying and loss and proposes that care for people at the end of life is a fundamental responsibility of not just health professionals, but also communities, governments and societies

SURVEYS ON THE USAGE OF COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE, HERBAL PRODUCTS IN THE MARKET AND THE EFFECTS OF GINSENOSIDE RG1 ON MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH