Multi-objective optimisation for battery electric vehicle powertrain topologies

Electric vehicles are becoming more popular in the market. To be competitive, manufacturers need to produce vehicles with a low energy consumption, a good range and an acceptable driving performance. These are dependent on the choice of components and the topology in which they are used. In a conventional gasoline vehicle, the powertrain topology is constrained to a few well-understood layouts; these typically consist of a single engine driving one axle or both axles through a multi-ratio gearbox. With electric vehicles, there is more flexibility, and the design space is relatively unexplored. In this paper, we evaluate several different topologies as follows: a traditional topology using a single electric motor driving a single axle with a fixed gear ratio; a topology using separate motors for the front axle and the rear axle, each with its own fixed gear ratio; a topology using in-wheel motors on a single axle; a four-wheel-drive topology using in-wheel motors on both axes. Multi-objective optimisation techniques are used to find the optimal component sizing for a given requirement set and to investigate the trade-offs between the energy consumption, the powertrain cost and the acceleration performance. The paper concludes with a discussion of the relative merits of the different topologies and their applicability to real-world passenger cars

Forecasting Recharging Demand to Integrate Electric Vehicle Fleets in Smart Grids

Electric vehicle fleets and smart grids are two growing technologies. These technologies provided new possibilities to reduce pollution and increase energy efficiency. In this sense, electric vehicles are used as mobile loads in the power grid. A distributed charging prioritization methodology is proposed in this paper. The solution is based on the concept of virtual power plants and the usage of evolutionary computation algorithms. Additionally, the comparison of several evolutionary algorithms, genetic algorithm, genetic algorithm with evolution control, particle swarm optimization, and hybrid solution are shown in order to evaluate the proposed architecture. The proposed solution is presented to prevent the overload of the power grid

Internet of Things-aided Smart Grid: Technologies, Architectures, Applications, Prototypes, and Future Research Directions

Traditional power grids are being transformed into Smart Grids (SGs) to address the issues in existing power system due to uni-directional information flow, energy wastage, growing energy demand, reliability and security. SGs offer bi-directional energy flow between service providers and consumers, involving power generation, transmission, distribution and utilization systems. SGs employ various devices for the monitoring, analysis and control of the grid, deployed at power plants, distribution centers and in consumers' premises in a very large number. Hence, an SG requires connectivity, automation and the tracking of such devices. This is achieved with the help of Internet of Things (IoT). IoT helps SG systems to support various network functions throughout the generation, transmission, distribution and consumption of energy by incorporating IoT devices (such as sensors, actuators and smart meters), as well as by providing the connectivity, automation and tracking for such devices. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on IoT-aided SG systems, which includes the existing architectures, applications and prototypes of IoT-aided SG systems. This survey also highlights the open issues, challenges and future research directions for IoT-aided SG systems

Volume 3 – Conference

We are pleased to present the conference proceedings for the 12th edition of the International Fluid Power Conference (IFK). The IFK is one of the world’s most significant scientific conferences on fluid power control technology and systems. It offers a common platform for the presentation and discussion of trends and innovations to manufacturers, users and scientists. The Chair of Fluid-Mechatronic Systems at the TU Dresden is organizing and hosting the IFK for the sixth time. Supporting hosts are the Fluid Power Association of the German Engineering Federation (VDMA), Dresdner Verein zur Förderung der Fluidtechnik e. V. (DVF) and GWT-TUD GmbH. The organization and the conference location alternates every two years between the Chair of Fluid-Mechatronic Systems in Dresden and the Institute for Fluid Power Drives and Systems in Aachen. The symposium on the first day is dedicated to presentations focused on methodology and fundamental research. The two following conference days offer a wide variety of application and technology orientated papers about the latest state of the art in fluid power. It is this combination that makes the IFK a unique and excellent forum for the exchange of academic research and industrial application experience. A simultaneously ongoing exhibition offers the possibility to get product information and to have individual talks with manufacturers. The theme of the 12th IFK is “Fluid Power – Future Technology”, covering topics that enable the development of 5G-ready, cost-efficient and demand-driven structures, as well as individual decentralized drives. Another topic is the real-time data exchange that allows the application of numerous predictive maintenance strategies, which will significantly increase the availability of fluid power systems and their elements and ensure their improved lifetime performance. We create an atmosphere for casual exchange by offering a vast frame and cultural program. This includes a get-together, a conference banquet, laboratory festivities and some physical activities such as jogging in Dresden’s old town.:Group 8: Pneumatics Group 9 | 11: Mobile applications Group 10: Special domains Group 12: Novel system architectures Group 13 | 15: Actuators & sensors Group 14: Safety & reliabilit

Volume 1 – Symposium: Tuesday, March 8

Group A: Digital Hydraulics Group B: Intelligent Control Group C: Valves Group D | G | K: Fundamentals Group E | H | L: Mobile Hydraulics Group F | I: Pumps Group M: Hydraulic Components:Group A: Digital Hydraulics Group B: Intelligent Control Group C: Valves Group D | G | K: Fundamentals Group E | H | L: Mobile Hydraulics Group F | I: Pumps Group M: Hydraulic Component

Design of Electric Vehicle

The aim of this thesis work 'Design of electric vehicle including different power train components' is to design an energy model of electric vehicle including different power train components with the application of a design and simulation tool, which in this thesis work would be MATLAB Simulink software. With this design and simulation, we expect to find the energy consumption by a vehicle by virtue of different types of forces acting on vehicle when subjected to different standard driving cycles. This work also includes a survey of different vehicles which runs on electric propulsion either only or in assisted mode in the present market

Investigation of direct drive hydraulics implemented in mining loader

The conventional mining loader is a diesel-hydraulic off-road mobile machine that is expected to routinely operate in enclosed areas. Such machines could benefit from more efficient hydraulic solutions. One avenue of improvement lies in electrification, which in itself is advantageous to underground mining machinery that would otherwise require expensive ventilation of their ICE exhaust. The high controllability of brushless DC motors allows direct pump control instead of conventional valve control, eliminating throttling losses. This work investigates the efficiency of such a direct-driven valveless hydraulic system for the front end of a mining loader and compares it to a conventional load-sensing system that was previously installed in the same machine. Economic viability of the described system is analyzed based on a real life working cycle, and the control software implemented as part of the work is described. The efficiency of the direct-driven system was determined to be superior in all tested cases, increasing from 21% to 53% at high velocity and from 2% to 22% at low velocity and maintaining a very flat efficiency curve over most loads and velocities. The direct drive hydraulic system is capable of energy regeneration, recouping a portion of energy used for lifting thus allowing longer runtimes with a given battery capacity. These advantages were found to be enough to offset the higher up-front cost except for equipment with lower than usual lifespans.Kaivoslastarit ovat usein dieselhydraulisia työkoneita, jotka monesti toimivat maanalaisissa kaivoksissa. Sähkökäyttöiset toimilaitteet ovat yksi mahdollinen tapa parantaa näiden koneiden energiatehokkuutta, eteenkin suljetuissa tiloissa, joissa polttomoottorin pakokaasujen tuulettamisesta aiheutuu huomattavia kustannuksia. Sähkömoottoreiden hyvä hallittavuus mahdollistaa venttiilittömän pumppuohjatun hydraulijärjestelmän, joka ei kärsi venttiilihäviöistä. Tämä työ vertailee pumppuohjattuja suoravetohydraulisia kaivoslastarin toimilaitteita saman lastarin alkuperäisiin kuormantuntevalla säädöllä toteutettuihin, keskittyen hyötysuhteeseen sekä suorituskykyyn. Näin muokatun lastarin taloudellista kilpailukykyä tarkastellaan oikean kaivostyösyklin avulla. Työn osana on myös rakennettu kaivoslastarin toimilaitteinen sähköinen hallintajärkestelmä, jonka rakenne ja toiminta esitetään. Pumppuohjatun hydraulisen järjestelmän hyötysuhteen havaittiin olevan nostotyössä parempi kaikissa tilanteissa hyötysuhteen noustessa nopeilla liikkeillä 21 prosentista 53:een, ja hitailla liikkeillä 2 prosentista 22:een. Pumppuohjattu hydrauliikka kykenee myös potentiaalienergian talteenottoon, mahdollistaen pidemmän käyntiajat samalla akkukapasiteetilla. Nämä edut ovat taloudellisesti riittäviä kompensoimaan laitteiston korkeamman hinnan lyhytikäistä kalustoa lukuunottamatta

VANET Applications: Hot Use Cases

Current challenges of car manufacturers are to make roads safe, to achieve free flowing traffic with few congestions, and to reduce pollution by an effective fuel use. To reach these goals, many improvements are performed in-car, but more and more approaches rely on connected cars with communication capabilities between cars, with an infrastructure, or with IoT devices. Monitoring and coordinating vehicles allow then to compute intelligent ways of transportation. Connected cars have introduced a new way of thinking cars - not only as a mean for a driver to go from A to B, but as smart cars - a user extension like the smartphone today. In this report, we introduce concepts and specific vocabulary in order to classify current innovations or ideas on the emerging topic of smart car. We present a graphical categorization showing this evolution in function of the societal evolution. Different perspectives are adopted: a vehicle-centric view, a vehicle-network view, and a user-centric view; described by simple and complex use-cases and illustrated by a list of emerging and current projects from the academic and industrial worlds. We identified an empty space in innovation between the user and his car: paradoxically even if they are both in interaction, they are separated through different application uses. Future challenge is to interlace social concerns of the user within an intelligent and efficient driving

Electrification of hydraulic systems using highefficiency permament magnet motors

In this paper, electrification of hydraulic systems is proposed using high-efficiency permanent magnet (PM) motors and wide bandgap power electronic drives. Direct driven hydraulics (DDH) is selected because of its higher efficiency compared to other conventional technologies such as valve-controlled systems. The DDH is directly driven by a servomotor. The ratings and design guidelines for a servomotor used in DDH applications are provided in this paper. Specifically, a surface permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM) is designed. Finally, a state-of-the-art inverter using silicon carbide wide bandgap devices are designed for high performance operation