43,531 research outputs found
Are you sitting comfortably? The political economy of the body
The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between the mass production of furniture in modern industrial societies and lower back pain (LBP). The latter has proven to be a major cost to health services and private industry throughout the industrialised world and now represents a global health issue as recent WHO reports on obesity and LBP reveal. Thus far there have been few co-ordinated attempts to deal with the causes of the problem through public policy. Drawing upon a range of sources in anthropology, health studies, politics and economics, the paper argues that this a modern social problem rooted in the contingent conjuncture of natural and social causal mechanisms. The key question it raises is: what are the appropriate mechanisms for addressing this problem? This paper develops an analysis rooted in libertarian social theory and argues that both the state and the capitalist market are flawed mechanisms for resolving this problem. There remains a fundamental dilemma for libertarians, however. Whilst the state and the market may well be flawed mechanisms, they are the dominant ones shaping global political economy. To what extent can libertarians work within these structures and remain committed to libertarian goals
Pametne uredske stolice sa senzorima za otkrivanje poloĆŸaja i navika sjedenja â pregled literature
The health consequences of prolonged sitting in the office and other work chairs have recently been tried to be alleviated or prevented by the application of modern technologies. Smart technologies and sensors are installed in different parts of office chairs, which enables monitoring of seating patterns and prevents positions that potentially endanger the health of users. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of previous research in the field of the application of smart technologies and sensors built into office and other types of chairs in order to prevent diseases. The articles published in the period 2010-2020 and indexed in WoS CC, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore databases, with the keywords âsmart chairâ and âsensor chairâ were analysed. 15 articles were processed, with their research being based on the use of different types of sensors that determine the contact pressures between the userâs body and stool parts and recognise different body positions when sitting, which can prevent negative health consequences. Analysed papers prove that the use of smart technology and a better understanding of sitting, using various sensors and applications that read body pressure and determine the current body position, can act as preventive health care by detecting proper heart rate and beats per minute, the activity of individual muscle groups, proper breathing and estimates of blood oxygen levels. In the future research, it is necessary to compare different types of sensors, methods used and the results obtained in order to determine which of them are most suitable for the future development of seating furniture for work.Posljedice dugotrajnog sjedenja na uredskim i drugim radnim stolicama u posljednje se vrijeme pokuĆĄavaju ublaĆŸiti ili sprijeÄiti primjenom suvremenih tehnologija. U razliÄite dijelove uredskih stolica ugraÄuju se pametne tehnologije i senzori, ĆĄto omoguÄuje praÄenje rasporeda sjedenja i izbjegavanje poloĆŸaja koji potencijalno ugroĆŸavaju zdravlje korisnika. Cilj ovog rada jest davanje pregleda dosadaĆĄnjih istraĆŸivanja u podruÄju primjene suvremenih pametnih tehnologija i senzora ugraÄenih u uredske i ostale vrste stolica radi prevencije obolijevanja korisnika. Analizirani su Älanci objavljeni u razdoblju od 2010. do 2020. i indeksirani su u bazama podataka WoS CC, Scopus i IEEE Xplore, a izdvojeni su prema kljuÄnim rijeÄima pametna stolica i senzorska stolica. ObraÄeno je 15 Älanaka u kojima su se istraĆŸivanja temeljila na primjeni razliÄitih vrsta senzora koji odreÄuju kontaktne tlakove izmeÄu korisnikova tijela i dijelova stolice te raspoznaju razliÄite poloĆŸaje tijela pri sjedenju, Äime se mogu prevenirati negativne posljedice za zdravlje. U analiziranim istraĆŸivanjima autori su dokazali da primjena pametne tehnologije i bolje razumijevanje sjedenja uporabom razliÄitih senzora i aplikacija kojima se oÄitava pritisak tijela i odreÄuje njegov trenutaÄni poloĆŸaj moĆŸe preventivno djelovati zahvaljujuÄi praÄenju rada srca i broja otkucaja u minuti, aktivnosti pojedinih miĆĄiÄnih skupina, pravilnog disanja, procjene razine kisika u krvi i sl. U buduÄim istraĆŸivanjima potrebno je usporediti razliÄite tipove senzora, primijenjene metode i dobivene rezultate kako bi se uoÄilo koji su od njih najprikladniji za buduÄi razvoj radnog namjeĆĄtaja za sjedenje
Activities recognition and worker profiling in the intelligent office environment using a fuzzy finite state machine
Analysis of the office workersâ activities of daily working in an intelligent office environment can be used to optimize energy consumption and also office workersâ comfort. To achieve this end, it is essential to recognise office workersâ activities including short breaks, meetings and non-computer activities to allow an optimum control strategy to be implemented. In this paper, fuzzy finite state machines are used to model an office workerâs behaviour. The model will incorporate sensory data collected from the environment as the input and some pre-defined fuzzy states are used to develop the model. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this approach. The activity models of different individual workers as inferred from the sensory devices can be distinguished. However, further investigation is required to create a more complete model
Defining Mobile Tech Posture: Prevalence and Position Among Millennials
Background: Mobile technologies have revolutionized daily life, significantly impacting ADLs and IADLs, as well as use of the hand and upper extremity. The primary objectives of this study are to (a) provide a formal goniometric description of mobile tech posture and (b) examine the prevalence of this sub-optimal posture among a group of graduate students.
Method: This study used a cross-sectional study design. Comprehensive goniometric measurements of the neck and upper extremity were taken with participants (N = 46) using their mobile devices while texting or using the Internet. Handheld usage data from the iPhone Screen Time feature (iOS 12) was collected from a sample of healthy young adults.
Results: The participants spent an average of 143 min per day using mobile technology. Comprehensive goniometric measurements highlighted positions of clinical concern, including cervical spine flexion, scapular protraction, elbow flexion, and wrist ulnar deviation with thumb flexion.
Discussion: Findings aligned with prior research suggesting several hr per day of handheld mobile technology use among young adults. Mobile tech posture, as described by goniometric trends, includes several positions of concern for musculoskeletal imbalance or cumulative trauma disorders (e.g., cubital tunnel syndrome; De Quervainâs tenosynovitis). Further research is recommended to examine broader societal trends and impact on occupational performance
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Dentists and Orthodontists
WORK-RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AMONG DENTISTS AND ORTHODONTISTS
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Science in Dentistry at Virginia Commonwealth University.
by
Natalie R. La Rochelle
Thesis Director: Dr. Eser TĂŒfekçi, D.D.S., M.S., Ph.D., M.S.H.A.
Professor, Department of Orthodontics
Virginia Commonwealth University
Richmond, Virginia
May 2017
The practice of dentistry is physically demanding due to static and dynamic postures sustained daily throughout careers. Previous literature suggests that work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) are not solely the result of work habits, but also due to the individual, his or her physical makeup, genetics, and personal lifestyle. A 33-question survey was distributed to 1000 general dentists and 2300 orthodontists. The overall prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders was greater among dentists and most often reported as self-limiting. Dentists were three times more likely than orthodontists to report WMSD; females were twice as likely to report WMSD than males; those who sought alternative medical remedies were two times more likely to have WMSD; and practitioners 6-10 years in practice were least likely to report WMSD. Dentists reported sitting in static positions longer than orthodontists; and those with WMSD indicated exercising, stretching, and seeking alternative health remedies more than dentists without WMSD
Implementation of luo-rudi phase 1 cardiac cell excitation model in FPGA
Dynamic simulation of complex cardiac excitation and conduction requires high computational time. Thus, the hardware techniques that can run in the real-time simulation was introduced. However, previously developed hardware simulation requires high power consumption and has a large physical size. Due to the drawbacks, this research presents the adaptation of Luo-Rudy Phase I (LR-I) cardiac excitation model in a rapid prototyping method of field programmable gate array (FPGA) for real-time simulation, lower power consumption and minimizing the size. For the rapid prototyping, a nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE)Âbased algorithm of the LR-I model is implemented by using Hardware Description Language (I-IDL) Coder that is capable to convert MATLAB Simulink blocks designed into a synthesisable VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL) code and verified using the FPGA-In-the Loop (FIL) Co-simulator. The Xilinx FPGA Yirtex-6 XC6VLX240T ML605 evaluation board is chosen as a platform for the FPGA high performance system which is supported by the 1-lDL Coder. A fixedÂpoint optimisation has been successfully obtained with Percentage Error (PE) and Mean Square Error (MSE) which are -1.08% and 2.28%, respectively. This result has given better performance for the hardware implementation in terms of 27.5% decrement in power consumption and 5.35% decrement in utilization area with maximum frequency 9.819 MHz. By implementing the constructed algorithm into the high performance FPGA system, a new real-time simulation-based analysis technique of cardiac electrical excitation has been successfully developed
Ergonomic Environment, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Secretarial Efficiencies in Tertiary Institutions in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Ergonomic environment, information and communication technology (ICT) and secretarial efficiencies in tertiary institutions in Ekiti State were investigated. The population consisted of all secretarial staff and executives/directors in all tertiary institutions while the sample was 180 respondents randomly selected from three tertiary institutions. The research instrument was questionnaire, validated with a reliability co-efficient of 0.77. Data collected were analyzed using frequency counts and simple percentages for the research question while the hypothesis was tested using Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient at 0.05 level of significance. Findings show that the physical environments of the institutions are conducive for work and some necessary facilities that could aid the efficiency of secretarial staff are provided but inadequate. It was concluded that good working environment is indispensable in todayâs workplace for the efficiency and effectiveness of secretarial workers. It was suggested that efforts must be made to design jobs that help employees reduce and break up their sitting time, among others. Keywords: Ergonomics, Secretaries, Efficiency, Work Environment, ICT. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/11-23-07 Publication date: August 31st 201
A Study of human office support in the office environment
This thesis is about seating, the problems it creates, and a solution to those problems. This chapter will provide an overview of our bodies, a look at our work and an analysis of the problems created. It will explain my idea for a solution and describe how that solution was achieved. The chapters which follow go into further detail about the material presented
Sitting Habit and Posture Investigation of Office Employees in Nigeria
Sitting is widely acceptable posture for various office works in spite of its attendant health
hazards especially in situation when inappropriate chair with misfit and poor features is used.
This study investigates the sitting habit of office workers as we
ll as assesses their postural
discipline in relation with workplace design.
A randomly selected
sample size of 250 male
and 150 female employees from four work
centres
in forty
-
five different locations of five
commercial hubs were used. The result of the a
nalysis of data from structured questionnaire
administered and the anthropometric data of the respondent show the level of mismatch that
exists between employee characteristics and office furniture especially the chair and how it
impact
s
on the sitting p
osture of worker in offices visited. Workers sitting habit were
observed to have strong association with risk factors such as type and nature of the office
work, micro
-
ergonomics of facility arrangement of the workplace and duration of the work
activities.
This suggests that premium attention should be focus on reengineering of seat
system in Nigeria
- âŠ