Digital Serializer Design for a SerDes Chip in 130nm CMOS Technology

The development of this project is derived from the effort of previous generations from the System on Chip Design Specialty Program at ITESO, who have pioneered the creation of a serializer-deserializer device for high-speed communications in CMOS technology, aiming towards a small and efficient device. The design flow and enhancements implemented within the digital serializer module of the SerDes system, consists of an 8b10b encoder followed by a parallel to serial converter that together reaches a maximum frequency of 239 MHz in a typical cmrf8sf (130 nm) technology manufacturing process, implemented with Cadence tools. The rtl and testbench were taken from the work of Efrain Arrambide, adding a register to store the current disparity value, and thus, enhance the code by adding primitive blocks to improve the behavior of the serializer module and the validation process, generating a summary for every run. The system on chip flow is followed by choosing the variables that best fit the design and a layout with no design violations is generated during the physical synthesis. The individual module layouts were completed successfully in terms of behavior and violations, while the integration of the mixed signal device showed errors that were not resolved in time for manufacturing.El desarrollo de este proyecto parte del trabajo realizado por las generaciones anteriores de la especialidad de diseño de circuitos integrados del ITESO, quienes fueron pioneros en la creación de un dispositivo para comunicaciones de alta velocidad en tecnología CMOS, con el objetivo de obtener un producto final pequeño y eficiente. El flujo de diseño y mejoras implementadas al módulo serializador digital del sistema SerDes, el cual consiste en un codificador 8b10b seguido de un convertidor de datos de paralelo a serial, alcanza una frecuencia máxima de 239 MHz al ser fabricado y operado en condiciones típicas con la tecnología cmrf8sf (130 nm), además de ser implementado con las herramientas proveídas por Cadence. El código de descripción de hardware y banco de pruebas fueron tomados originalmente de los entregados por Efrain Arrambide, a lo que se le agregó un registro para almacenar el valor de la disparidad del dato enviado, así como la adición de bloques básicos para mejorar el comportamiento y se simplificó el código Verilog. El proceso de validación fue mejorado de tal manera que se prueban bloques por separado y cada iteración genera un registro de transacciones y un resumen al final con los resultados de manera automática para cada iteración. El flujo del diseño de sistemas en chip fue seguido por completo, eligiendo las variables que mejor se adaptan a la respuesta y especificaciones del sistema, así como buscar que genere ninguna violación en el diseño físico. Los distintos bloques del sistema serializador-deserializador fueron diseñados y verificados con éxito, sin embargo, la integración del sistema de señal mixta no fue completada debido a errores que no se lograron resolver a tiempo para cumplir con la fecha de fabricación.ITESO, A. C.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologí

SpinLink: An interconnection system for the SpiNNaker biologically inspired multi-computer

SpiNNaker is a large-scale biologically-inspired multi-computer designed to model very heavily distributed problems, with the flagship application being the simulation of large neural networks. The project goal is to have one million processors included in a single machine, which consequently span many thousands of circuit boards. A computer of this scale imposes large communication requirements between these boards, and requires an extensible method of connecting to external equipment such as sensors, actuators and visualisation systems. This paper describes two systems that can address each of these problems.Firstly, SpinLink is a proposed method of connecting the SpiNNaker boards by using time-division multiplexing (TDM) to allow eight SpiNNaker links to run at maximum bandwidth between two boards. SpinLink will be deployed on Spartan-6 FPGAs and uses a locally generated clock that can be paused while the asynchronous links from SpiNNaker are sending data, thus ensuring a fast and glitch-free response. Secondly, SpiNNterceptor is a separate system, currently in the early stages of design, that will build upon SpinLink to address the important external I/O issues faced by SpiNNaker. Specifically, spare resources in the FPGAs will be used to implement the debugging and I/O interfacing features of SpiNNterceptor

Scalable High-Speed Communications for Neuromorphic Systems

Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), and other chip/multi-chip level implementations can be used to implement Dynamic Adaptive Neural Network Arrays (DANNA). In some applications, DANNA interfaces with a traditional computing system to provide neural network configuration information, provide network input, process network outputs, and monitor the state of the network. The present host-to-DANNA network communication setup uses a Cypress USB 3.0 peripheral controller (FX3) to enable host-to-array communication over USB 3.0. This communications setup has to run commands in batches and does not have enough bandwidth to meet the maximum throughput requirements of the DANNA device, resulting in output packet loss. Also, the FX3 is unable to scale to support larger single-chip or multi-chip configurations. To alleviate communication limitations and to expand scalability, a new communications solution is presented which takes advantage of the GTX/GTH high-speed serial transceivers found on Xilinx FPGAs. A Xilinx VC707 evaluation kit is used to prototype the new communications board. The high-speed transceivers are used to communicate to the host computer via PCIe and to communicate to the DANNA arrays with the link layer protocol Aurora. The new communications board is able to outperform the FX3, reducing the latency in the communication and increasing the throughput of data. This new communications setup will be used to further DANNA research by allowing the DANNA arrays to scale to larger sizes and for multiple DANNA arrays to be connected to a single communication board

Performance Results of a Prototype Board Designed for Copper Data Transmission in KM3NeT

International audienceThe experience gained in designing submarine neutrino telescopes suggested to explore new ways of realizing the data transmission backbone at the detection unit level. In order to decrease the difficulties of integration and handling of the backbones, some effort has been spent in developing a backbone based on copper links with simple tracts of cable connecting contiguous storeys. This work is aimed at the presentation of the general architecture of the system, at the description of an electronic board prototype designed to test the project feasibility with the first results obtained. The main goal of the experimental setup was measuring the recovered clock jitter under various conditions, with and without cables. The jitter measured on the cleaned clock amounts to hundreds of picoseconds, well below the sub-nanosecond time resolution required by this kind of experiments

Design, Implementation and Verification of a Deserializer Module for a SerDes Mixed Signal System on Chip in 130 nm CMOS Technology

This document presents the design, verification and physical implementation process of a digital receiver of a mixed signal System on Chip called SerDes. This circuit consists in a communication system based on the P CI Express standard. The ITESO TV2 project walks through the full logic and physical design of an integrated circuit, starting from the specs definitions to the generation of the output files that are delivered to the MOSIS manufacturing team. A detailed description of the digital deserializer and decoding microarchitecture is presented, followed by the physical layout equivalent circuit implementation.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologí

Von Neumann bottlenecks in non-von Neumann computing architectures

The term "neuromorphic" refers to a broad class of computational devices that mimic various aspects of cortical information processing. In particular, they instantiate neurons, either physically or virtually, which communicate through time-singular events called spikes. This thesis presents a generic RTL implementation of a Point-to-Point chip interconnect protocol that is well-suited to accommodate the unique I/O requirements associated with event-based communication, especially in the case of accelerated mixed-signal neuromorphic devices. A physical realization of such an interconnect was implemented on the most recent version of the BrainScaleS-2 architecture---the HICANN-X system---to facilitate a high-speed bi-directional connection to a host FPGA. Event rates of up to 250MHz full-duplex as well as several stream-secured configuration and memory interface channels are transported via 8*1Gbit/s LVDS DDR serializers. As the presented approach is entirely independent of the serializer implementation, it has applications beyond neuromorphic computing, such as enabling the separation of concerns and aiding the development of serializer-independent protocol bridges for system design

Advances in local area optical data communication systems

This paper reviews optical fibre technology for local area optical communications systems. Technologies used in local systems include single and multimode fibre, single and multimode lasers, optical modulators, photodetectors, wavelength division multiplexing, multilevel modulation formats, electronic packet switching, electronic equalization and error correction. These methods have enabled the local area optical link data rate to increase from 0.1 Gb/s in 1990 to nearly a Tb/s in 2019. The challenges to increasing link data rates further, whilst reducing the transmitted power per bit, at reduced cost are discussed. Potential technical solutions and newly proposed methods which might address these challenges are highlighted