826,120 research outputs found

    A Study on the Business Model Optimization Strategy of Knowledge Payment Platform: The Example of Zhihu

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    The rapid development of the Internet has contributed to the continued advancement of the knowledge payment industry. Currently, knowledge payment platforms, as the core force of the knowledge payment market, guide the continuous changes in the direction of content production, enterprise operation and consumer demand in the knowledge payment industry. However, research on knowledge payment platforms in academia is still in its infancy, and in particular, there is a paucity of research that systematically examines the characteristics of successful knowledge payment platforms and strategies to address the problems of business models from the perspective of business models as a whole. Therefore, a systematic and thorough understanding of the essence and richness of the business models of knowledge payment platforms is crucial to an in-depth understanding and grasp of the development rules of the knowledge payment industry.This article focuses on the business models of Internet knowledge payment platforms and their optimisation strategies. Take Zhihu as an example using a case study approach and the perspective of value networks, this paper constructs a business model based on value networks and conducts specific research and analysis on the eight elements of the business model to explore the essence of the business model of knowledge payment platforms and its optimisation strategies under the collaborative competition model, which is equally important in the Internet era. Evidence from this case study finds that value network is the main form of operation of the business model of platform-based enterprises, and the platform achieves the business closure of value acquisition and value maintenance through the engine driven by value proposition and value co-creation.The study reveals that competition and cooperation are equally important business concepts and the whole process of cross-enterprise value co-creation in the Internet era, which complements the research perspective of business model optimization strategy research focusing on competition and provides certain reference significance for the business model optimization of platform-based enterprises.The contribution of this paper is to provide a new perspective for the study of business model optimization strategies. This article is sorting out business model optimization strategies. On the basis of relevant literature, the original theoretical research perspective of enterprise management focusing on competition rather than cooperation is supplemented,From the perspective of “value network”, combined with the theoretical basis of Yuanlei’s business model, a business model based on value network is proposed Model. On this basis, take the knowledge payment industry as the exploration field, and take the typical knowledge payment platform Zhihu platform. In order to study the case, by revealing the key factors for the success of the business model of Zhihu platform, verify the new business model theory Explanations of enterprise practice. Through research, it is found that the theoretical model of the new business model better explains the Internet knowledge. The essence of the business model of the payment platform is a complete value co-creation closed-loop structure, which also reveals the Internet knowledge

    The role of experiential knowledge in foreign market commitment: A process perspective on the internationalisation of Australian services SMEs

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    The Uppsala internationalisation model established some foundations for research in international business. But since the introduction of this internationalisation process model in mid-1970s, the business environment has changed significantly. It is important to reflect on how these changes affect the interplay between experiential learning and foreign market commitment, a key plank in the Uppsala model. This thesis focuses on a core assumption that underlies the model: that a high degree of foreign market commitment results from rational decisions that firms take during a learning process based on complete knowledge and information. In 2009, the protagonists of the Uppsala model offered a much more nuanced perception of a firm’s learning process, when they stressed that firms rely of a wider range of relationships, interactions and contexts that impact on their accumulation of experiential knowledge. Some studies have used proxy variables to capture this process through variance-based quantitative analysis. This thesis uses a process approach, conceptualised on the basis of several theories to understand the complexity of the learning process that underlies the internationalisation of firms. The true process approach to studying the internationalisation of the firm has been neglected for some time and the field of international business studies had been dominated by variance-based studies. Inevitably, this has led to a situation where ‘we see far too many “rigorous” studies with little originality and, at best, a marginal contribution’, as Johanson and Vahlne (2014: 173) expressed it. The process approach conceptualised, developed and applied in the analysis in this thesis may be a better instrument to understand causal relationships between experiential knowledge accumulation or learning and foreign market commitment, as well as other internationalisation processes that take place over periods of time. This research is focused on the micro-foundations of internationalisation attempts of firms. These processes are analysed in light of relevant spatiotemporal context. The findings document the key aspects of the internationalisation process without devoting the analysis to what Outhwaite (1987: 7-12) has labelled the positivist ‘law-explanation orthodoxy’. Instead, this thesis relies on abductive reasoning and longitudinal case studies to contextualise learning processes and changes in such processes over a period of time throughout the internationalisation process. It analyses the internationalisation of seven Australian services SMEs in order to provide causal explanations for a specific sequence of critical events that influenced the foreign market commitments of these firms. An additional methodological contribution of this thesis is the implementation of content analysis, clustering and multidimensional scaling of the contents of interviews, which accounts for relevant context without undermining the scientific explanation and rigour of the approach. By studying case histories and the chronology of critical events in the internationalisation attempts of these firms, we demonstrate that an accommodating learning style is most closely associated with the foreign market commitment of firms. Nonetheless, experiential learning is dynamic in nature and often requires decision makers to touch all bases of the learning cycle. As expected, the key sources of knowledge are relevant business and people-to-people networks, as well as prior learning experiences of decision makers that often go beyond the lifespan of the firm. Experiential learning is found to be a context-dependent process that is utterly complex in nature. The thesis demonstrates how critical events trigger experiential learning as well as explain what the decision makers learn as part of this learning process. Rather than measuring the stock of experiential knowledge, the thesis demonstrates how learning processes alter individual perceptions of foreign market opportunities. The findings reconfirm that change processes (i.e. experiential learning, building business networks and trust) are continuous, while market commitment decisions (i.e. market entry mode, degree of internationalisation) are intermittent. These findings precisely challenge the results of variance-based studies that rely on limited firm-level indicators to capture and analyse experiential learning processes. This thesis builds on the call of Johanson and Vahlne (2014) to broaden our understanding of the practice of the internationalisation of firms by focusing on the behavioural aspects of human decision-making, such as the role of business networks and trust. To date, there are few studies that explain what exactly is learnt as part of the internationalisation process and how this information and/or knowledge actually affects foreign market opportunity recognition. Experiential knowledge remains the pivotal aspect of the internationalisation process and this research helps to conceptualise and operationalise relevant theory and provide causal explanations

    Penerapan Marketing Mix terhadap Brand Equity Perguruan Tinggi sebagai sebuah Tinjauan Literatur

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    The process of marketing mix (marketing mix) are successful have a positive impact on brand equity (brand equity). Every marketer trying to take advantage of the marketing mix strategy as a competitive advantage in increasing the brand equity to brand equity owned by the products or services to attract consumers. Level of awareness of a brand into an important cue for consumers to use and specifies a choice of products. In this case, the products you want to achieve is a knowledge-based products (knowledge base). The product was delivered to the college as the core consumer products that are delivered in the marketing of educational services. Many empirical studies have been conducted to investigate to what extent the influence of marketing mix on brand equity colleges, both state college Cleaner (PTN) or private (PTS). However, little empirical research which brings together existing research into a comprehensive literature review that elaborates on the influence of marketing mix on brand equity colleges. Thus, the management of higher education as an educational institution can be categorized on the model management services business model, which factors the marketing mix consists of product, price, place, promotion, people, physical evidence, process can be a key factor in enhancing brand equity college

    비즈니스 모델 혁신의 기술 지식 흐름 분석

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    학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 공과대학 산업·조선공학부, 2017. 8. 박용태.With the extensive applications of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in development of new business models, the business model concept is becoming an important research topic in the field of innovation and technology management. The Internet has driven innovation and changes across the business landscape and opened the era of e-commerce. Since many of, or sometimes even entire, commercial activities thus can be conducted on the Internet platform, ICTs are becoming a key enabler in the creation of new business models. Companies are keen to leverage ICTs to develop specific methods underlying business models and seek protection for these new inventions under patent laws. These inventions, called business model patents or business method (BM) patents, refer to various commercial techniques that are usually based on digital or software-based technologies. The value of BM patents lies in the fact that these patents contain essential technological knowledge regarding business model innovation and also can facilitate business model development and innovation through knowledge flows. Despite the importance of technological knowledge flows in business model innovation, linkages between business model innovation/evolution, technology and knowledge flows are a rather rarely explored subject. The present literature does not pay much attention to the technological basis of business model innovation, flows of knowledge in business technologies or quantitative analysis of business model innovation. To fill this research gap, the overall objective of this work is to explore technological knowledge flows in business model innovation based on patent analysis. This study consists of three research themes. The first research theme is to develop a structured approach to measure technological knowledge flows in business model innovation. The proposed approach integrates two complementary methods, the patent citation analysis and text mining technique. The empirical study applies the proposed approach to measure knowledge flows through BM patents and reveals that BM patents actively participate in stimulating knowledge flows in business model innovation. The second research theme is to identify patterns of technological knowledge flows in business model innovation. This study applies a dynamic approach to capture time-varying processes of knowledge flows in BM patents. A Hidden Markov Model, patent citation analysis and clustering technique are used to identify major temporal patterns of knowledge flows in BM patents. The third research theme discusses positions or roles of BM patents regarding knowledge flows in business model innovation. This study propose a systematic framework directed at investigating different roles of BM patents that facilitate knowledge flows for innovations in social commerce. The framework mainly uses several citation-based indicators to identify core BMs and specifies their roles according to knowledge flow patterns. This study extends overall understanding of the technological aspect of business model innovation by linking the concept of business model innovation with technological development and knowledge flows and providing systematic ways to utilize patent citation analysis and other effective techniques.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Background and motivation 1 1.2. Research objectives 4 1.3. Scope and framework 5 1.4. Thesis outline 7 Chapter 2. Literature Review 10 2.1. Business model innovation and technology management 10 2.2. Knowledge flows 13 2.3. Business method (BM) patents and patent citation analysis 15 Chapter 3. Measurement of Knowledge Flows 17 3.1. Introduction 17 3.2. Research Proposed approach: integrating patent citation analysis and text mining 22 3.2.1. Overall research process 22 3.2.2. Integrated approach by combining patent citation analysis and text mining 24 3.2.3. Similarity measure 26 3.3. Case study: postage metering system 30 3.3.1. Data collection 30 3.3.2. Construction and integration of matrices 32 3.3.3. Patterns of knowledge flow 35 3.3.3.1. High KU-High KD 38 3.3.3.2. High KU-Low KD 38 3.3.3.3. Low KU-High KD 38 3.3.4. Classification of knowledge flow drivers 39 3.3.4.1. Knowledge utilizing group 41 3.3.4.2. Knowledge disseminating group 41 3.3.4.3. Knowledge utilizing/ disseminating group 42 3.4. Implication and conclusion 42 Chapter 4. Identification of Knowledge Flow Patterns 46 4.1. Introduction 46 4.2. Hidden Markov Models 50 4.3. Proposed approach 53 4.3.1. Data 53 4.3.2. Research process 54 4.3.2.1. Select patent citations as a proxy for knowledge flows 54 4.3.2.2. Measure time series citation data for BM subclasses 55 4.3.2.3. Construct a HMM and generate sequences of knowledge flow states 56 4.3.2.4. Cluster knowledge flow state sequences to identify major patterns 59 4.4. Case study 61 4.4.1. Data 61 4.4.2. Analysis and results 61 4.4.3. Discussions 70 4.4.3.1. Major patterns of knowledge flows 70 4.4.3.2. Methodological implications and extensions 74 4.5. Conclusions 75 Chapter 5. Investigation of Knowledge Transferors 79 5.1. Introduction 79 5.2. Social commerce 81 5.3. Research framework 84 5.3.1. Overall research framework 84 5.3.2. Detailed process 85 5.3.2.1. Data collection 85 5.3.2.2. Classification of BMs in social commerce 87 5.3.2.3. Identification of core BMs 88 5.4. Empirical analysis and results 91 5.4.1. Data collection 92 5.4.2. Classification of BMs in social commerce 92 5.4.3. Identification of core BMs 98 5.4.4. Interpretation of results 101 5.5. Conclusion 104 Chapter 6. Conclusion 107 6.1. Summary and contributions 107 6.2. Limitations and future research 110 Bibliography 112 Appendix 124 Appendix A. Social commerce patents 124 Appendix B. Social commerce patent clusters 128 Appendix C. Indicator values for clusters 129 초 록 131Docto

    Invisible-touch model: an integrative framework for postmerger integration

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    There is limited research into the postmerger integration (PMI) process in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (CM&As) conducted by emerging-market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) in advanced economies. Although prior studies shed some light on the integration model adopted by EMNEs, the general pattern and process mechanisms of effective integration models remain unclear, which is in stark contrast with the ever-growing trend of EMNEs surging into developed countries via CM&As. What is the effective PMI model adopted by Chinese multinational enterprises in their CM&As in advanced countries? Hence, through the method of longitudinal and in-depth case study for theory building, this thesis seeks to explore the core characteristics, procedural mechanisms, and evolutionary pattern of the successful integration model adopted by Chinese multinational firms. The specific cases are chosen via the theoretical sampling method among major Chinese multinationals from the manufacturing industry that have effectively gone through the whole process of PMI for their CM&As in developed countries. The key contributions of this research are to develop an invisible-touch model and identify its core characteristics, process mechanisms, and evolutionary pattern. In Case Study One, we find that the primary characteristics of the invisible-touch model include surface-level inactive action and deep-level unity-in-diversity for the overall harmonious symbiosis. We hold that the distinction and complementarity between China and the West as a duality is one of the critical prerequisites for the success of the invisible-touch model, and integration governance capacity is the key to harnessing differences and complementarities. In Case Study Two, we identify that the appropriate leverage of conflicting yet complementary forces is imperative for value co-creation and co-capture in the context of CM&As. This is framed as the fundamental mechanism of invisible-touch model, as inspired by the perspective of Yin-Yang balancing as the core of traditional Chinese philosophies for the great insight of maintaining a healthy tension between independence and interdependence, and conflicting yet complementary forces. In Case Study Three, we investigate the evolutionary pattern of the invisible-touch model in serial CM&As. From the perspective of dynamic capabilities, we discover that the invisible-touch model will evolve overtime in both strategic and tactical CM&As, but no fundamental shifts have ever occurred. Hence, the invisible-touch model can be viewed as a long-term strategy for CM&As where the significant diversity in environmental conditions can induce new opportunities for potential contributions to international business research in the era of new globalisation. Overall, our main contribution is to propose an integrative PMI model from a holistic, dynamic, and duality-based perspective, which supplements the existing literature on the integration process of CM&As by EMNEs and extends research about M&As in the international business field. Moreover, we introduce several new concepts, such as, integration governance capacity, value co-creation and co-capture, and exploratory and exploitative dynamic capabilities, among others, into this research project, thus providing new insights into the research into PMI process, integration model, absorptive capacity, and cultural integration. The results of this thesis will broaden the understanding of international business in general, and the knowledge about PMI model for EMNEs in particular. This research also has substantial implications for managerial practices

    Towards Customer Knowledge Management: Integrating Customer Relationship Management and Knowledge Management Concepts

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    The concepts of customer relationship management (CRM) and knowledge management (KM) have been recently gaining wide attention in business and academia. Both approaches focus on allocating resources to supportive business activities in order to gain competitive advantages. CRM focus on managing the relationship between a company an its current and prospective customer base as a key to success. A good relationship with the customer leads to higher customer satisfaction. Content customers are loyal and therefore more valuable customers. This directly affects the revenue stream. KM sees the knowledge available to a company as a major success factor. Through superior knowledge companies can accomplish their results faster, cheaper and with higher quality than their competition. Knowledge about customers, markets and other relevant factors of influence allows faster utilization of opportunities and more flexible reaction to threats. From the perspective of a process owner both CRM and KM approaches promise positive impact on the cost structure and revenue streams for a company in return for allocating resources from the core business into supportive functions. This investment is not without risk as many failed projects in the areas of CRM and KM demonstrate. In this paper we show that the benefit of using CRM and KM can be enhanced and the risk of failure reduced by integrating both approaches into a customer knowledge management (CKM) model. Managing relationships requires managing knowledge for the customer, knowledge about the customer and knowledge from the customer. KM takes the role of a service provider for CRM, managing the four knowledge aspects content, competence, collaboration and composition to satisfy customer requests within stated budget restrictions. The findings are based on literature analysis and six years of action research, supplemented by case studies and surveys

    KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT FOR BUSINESS ORIENTED FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING

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    A research team from two universities and two IT companies took the challenge of developing a business foreign languages program implemented in a web environment, aiming the effectiveness of the communication in a working multicultural environment, using foreign languages. The online educational portal for applied foreign languages teaching and learning addressing the cross-cultural dimension represents the core of the Romanian academic research project (eMulticult), financed under the national Romanian research scheme (National Council for Project Management - Partnership Program). The present contribution summarizes the concepts and the methodology of the project, aiming at increasing professionals’ adaptability to a specific corporate cultural environment in order to create conditions for openness, tolerance, harmony and cooperation in the working and social environment. The studies will end up in creating a knowledge portal for the development of adequate cultural attitudes and skills specific to a foreign language professional environment. The project develops a holistic approach for the design of a conceptual framework based on a web educational model for foreign language acquisition and the internalization of its cultural values and the implementation of the model in a virtual environment using an adequate pedagogical approach and complex training tools. The foreign language educational model makes reference to the Anderson’s and Krathwohl’s taxonomy, articulating it with the dimensions of the specific corporate culture. The web based paradigm and tools of the educational model will facilitate for the beneficiaries the online learning process. The originality of this approach consists in the synergy among various views and models such as person oriented education, multicultural approach, use of the virtual environment for providing educational services. The portal integrates educational packages for individual beneficiaries, virtual classes, formal or informal educational networks, and the tools for e-content developing. The educational platform offers the premise for building the empathic attitude, through a deep understanding of the own cultural matrix and a greater permeability to the behavior and values of another cultural & organizational environment, increasing the degree of communication and integration at European level.Foreign language teaching, cross-cultural approach, educational model, training engineering

    Business process improvement methodologies: common factors and their respective efficacies

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    Business process improvement (BPI) methodologies play an important role in increasing a business’s performance and its competitiveness. Since World War II, a number of these methodologies have been developed. Each of these held to a different philosophy as to what drives process improvement. Therefore, each focused on a seemingly unique aspect or parameter of business processes. These leverage points included, amongst others, process cycle time, quality, process efficiency, on-time delivery and error rates. The methodologies were delineated from one another not only by these focal points but also the terminology, structure and emphasis used by their creators. The result was a spectrum of seemingly unique approaches. This spectrum was enlarged by practitioners (consultants and businesses) who tweaked the base methodology so as to make their product offerings stand out. This palette of business improvement approaches was further augmented by certain techniques, tools and methods being presented as complete methodologies. The result was that business managers are confronted with a seemingly confusing array of ostensibly unique options. The author, being a business process improvement consultant, felt that these options were not as unique as they might appear. He believed that beneath these individualistic exteriors lays a common set of factors that enable the methodologies to bring about sustainable improvements. Therein lays the theoretical framework of this thesis. The author further felt that identifying these common key factors and their respective importance to business process improvement would contribute significantly to both knowledge and practice. Upon completing the research, it became evident that the contribution was not just limited to the enlightenment regarding composition, commonality and efficacy. It also involved ways of delineating targets such as methodologies from a chaotic population. Most importantly, a significant contribution to knowledge was made by showing how to synthesize information out of a set of seemingly unique data points. This uniqueness having been created by the different terminologies structures and emphasises found in the evidence. In the thesis, four unique challenges were encountered. The first was to identify the current, core business process improvement methodologies out of the total field of offerings. The subsequent challenge was to analyse these methodologies for possible common constructs and components. The third challenge involved evaluating the efficacy of these common key factors. The final challenge was to characterize these key factors in the context of a theoretical, model-based methodology. The intended result was to create a holistic perspective of process improvement practices with justification at the constituent level. A lengthy literature review was required in order to identify the current methodologies. Surprisingly, the sources normally rich in research evidence such as journals and articles did not give a comprehensive overview of business process methodologies. The candidates had to then be further researched via books and other lengthy publications. The end result was that six unique and sustaining families of methodologies were identified during the systematic literature review. Each of these had been developed by a different business improvement innovator using a different orientation associated with the methodology’s core philosophical position. It appears that, for marketing reasons, each had strived to develop unique selling points and intellectual property that set their methodology apart from the others. As a result, the language, style and emphasis applied in each methodology were seemingly distinctive. These conditions made further analysis for commonality of key factors amongst the six methodologies difficult and time-consuming. Further research involved analysing the six BPI methodologies and synthesizing qualitative evidence in order to identify the key factors common amongst those methodologies. Again, journals and articles played only a minor role in this activity. For the most part, these sources focused more on application than on composition. In addition, those dealing with application of the methodologies tended to avoid justifying applicability in terms of critical composition factors. Other sources such as books provided a framework for the composition analysis but with significant voids and confusing entries. Therefore, in addition to the series of literature reviews, interviewing intellectual property owners and BPI practitioners from both business and consulting firms was necessary. Once the interviewing process had closed the gap and provided clarification of entries, a research method had to be found which could extract the common factors and make them apparent. The appropriateness of various research, analysis and synthesis approaches were reviewed and evaluated. As a result of this ancillary literature review, a form of reciprocal translations was viewed as the best means of dealing with the research evidence as well as the issues of languages, styles, cultures and subjectivity. The final results of the synthesis, after a follow-up round of literature reviews and interviewing, showed that 12 common key factors existed amongst the six BPI methodologies. Research into the efficacy of these 12 common key factors required yet another series of literature reviews and additional interviewing. Due to the nature of the topic, interview respondents outside of the business process improvement community also had to be included. Those respondents included individuals from human resource and industrial psychology disciplines. The result of this descriptive research enabled characterization of the key factors’ efficacies independently as well as holistically in the context of a theoretical, model-based methodology. These characterizations indicate that the 12 key factors appear to form the backbone of BPI methodologies in general. The research process and its findings have contributed to both knowledge and practice. It has provided insight into using a holistic approach in delineating targeted elements of a mixed population. It also contributed to the understanding of how to apply the reciprocal translation technique to qualitative evidence outside the field of ethnography. Additionally, it enables improved business practices by demystifying the various methodologies and furthering the understanding of their value adding components

    Innovation Management in the Globalized Digital Society

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    AbstractInnovation is by far the trendiest management issue nowadays and the rhetoric of innovation has reached every sector of the economy and society, as well. Increasing competitiveness implies economic change through the introduction of new technologies and new methods of production, as well as, the development of new skills. Innovation is the core of this process. Innovation management is focused on the systematic processes that organizations use to develop new and improved products, services and business processes. It involves development of creative ideas within the organization and the networked environment. Focusing on the management of innovation implies also the management of talents among the employees. The knowledge captured in new technologies and processes has led to growth and competitiveness. Developing knowledge-based society requires adequate levels of investment in research, development, education, as well as creating a favorable environment for innovation. Reengineering in terms of innovation has helped many companies to improve their productivity and consequently to grow in competitiveness. Hereby we discuss the management of innovation in the circumstances of market globalization, digital revolution, and dynamic development of technology, products and services. Management of innovation is a complex task of leadership that aims at a systemic process of change throughout strategic and operational approaches. In this paper we discuss a model of innovation management based on the analysis of the driving forces of change and a framework in which domain and problem definition play an important role. The paper presents also the National Innovation Systems with a special view of Romania's position within the European Union in terms of innovation
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