Supercritical CO2 dyeing of polyester fabric with photochromic dyes to fabricate UV sensing smart textiles

Photochromic molecules are well-established colourants in the manufacturing of niche products, providing reversible colour change effects when irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light. The high mater ..

An experimental study of color yield phenomenology in thermal fixation dyeing of a polyethylene terephthalate/cotton fiber blend with disperse dye

The objective of this research was to develop a mathematical expression for the depth of color obtained in polyester fiber in a 50/50 blend with cotton fiber as a function of bath fixed dye content and location of fixed dye in the fabric cross-section. Fixation and reflectance measurements were made on laboratory dyeings in which bath dye content and location of dye in the fabric crass-section were carefully controlled. The central was achieved through the use of varying dye and antimigrant concentrations in the pad baths, with all of the other experimental variables held constant. The experimental methodology which was used resulted in the generation of three primary farms of data: particulate migration, fixation, and reflectance values. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that the contribution to color depth of bath uniformly distributed and migrated fixed dye can be quantified- but not derived- independently

TiO2 nanoparticles in textile finishing

93 s. :il., tab., grafy +CD ROMThe aim of this study has been to observe the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles as it was used in finishing methods such as printing, sol gel and hydrophobic finish. To study the surface wettability of textile fabrics by contact angle measurement. To observe the UV-shielding property of the treated fabrics characterized by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The contact angle of textile materials used was measured, the UPF values were also measured and comparable, the porosity of textile material was also determined statistically. With the aims mentioned above the theoretical part was described, the practical method used was also described

Digital laser-dyeing: coloration and patterning techniques for polyester textiles

This research explored a Digital Laser Dye (DLD) patterning process as an alternative coloration method within a textile design practice context. An interdisciplinary framework employed to carry out the study involved Optical Engineering, Dyeing Chemistry, Textile Design and Industry Interaction through collaboration with the Society of Dyers and Colourists. In doing so, combined creative, scientific and technical methods facilitated design innovation. Standardized polyester (PET) knitted jersey and plain, woven fabrics were modified with CO2 laser technology in order to engineer dye onto the fabric with high-resolution graphics. The work considered the aesthetic possibilities, production opportunities and environmental potential of the process compared to traditional and existing surface design techniques. Laser-dyed patterns were generated by a digital dyeing technique involving CAD, laser technology and dye practices to enable textile coloration and patterning. An understanding of energy density was used to define the tone of a dye in terms of colour depth in relation to the textile. In doing so, a system for calibrating levels of colour against laser energy in order to build a tonal image was found. Central to the investigation was the consideration of the laser beam spot as a dots-per-inch tool, drawing on the principles used in digital printing processes. It was therefore possible to utilise the beam as an image making instrument for modifying textile fibres with controlled laser energy. Qualitative approaches employed enabled data gathering to incorporate verbal and written dialogue based on first-hand interactions. Documented notes encompassed individual thought and expression which facilitated the ability to reflect when engaged in practical activity. As such, tacit knowledge and designerly intuition, which is implicit by nature, informed extended design experiments and the thematic documentation of samples towards a textile design collection. Quantitative measurement and analysis of the outcomes alongside creative exploration aided both a tacit understanding of, and ability to control processing parameters. This enabled repeatability of results parallel to design development and has established the potential to commercially apply the technique. Sportswear and intimate apparel prototypes produced in the study suggest suitable markets for processing polyester garments in this way

High Performance Textiles

High-performance or hi-tech textiles represent the keystone of the present and the future for all industrial sectors, which require lightening, flexibility, and the high mechanical resistance as well as thermal stability of the materials. As described within this Special Issue, the applications of these advanced systems are innovative and also highly technological: from water-repellent to stain-resistant fabrics, from being flame-resistant to antibacterial/antifouling, from being insulating to conductive, and from environmental protection systems to smart textiles. High-performance textiles also meet all of the actual requirements of sustainability and environmental protection of modern industry

The influence of woven fabric structures on the continuous dyeing of Lyocell fabrics with reactive dyes

Tencel, a regenerated cellulosic fibre is synthesised by an environmental friendly process. It can be dyed by the same dye types as recommended for other cellulosic fibres. The behaviour of reactive dyes on Tencel woven fabric varies with the type and the density of woven fabric. The highly crystalline Tencel fibre is less easy to dye uniformly by the continuous dyeing methods because of the short time of contact between the dye and fibre. The purpose of this work is to investigate the influences of weave structure on dyeing of standard Tencel fabric using reactive dyes applied by continuous dyeing methods. Programmes are developed using Matlab software to measure the fabric porosity and uniformity of fibre coloration (UFC) in the yarns of the woven fabric. UFC is also measured subjectively. Firstly, fabrics of four different weave structures (plain, 2/1, 3/1, 5/1 twill fabric) are studied. The visual depth and UFC standard deviation values is highest for the 2/1 twill fabric, gradually reducing towards the 5/1 twill fabric. Secondly, nine plain weave fabrics of different fabric densities are dyed using different padding procedures - a liquor temperature of 40⁰C with a 1 min dwell time and with a 5 min dwell time, and liquor at room temperature without any dwell time. The padded fabrics are then fixed by pad-steam, pad-dry-steam, pad-batch and pad-dry-thermosol continuous dyeing processes. To improve colour depth the plain weave fabrics are given a caustic pre-treatment and their dyeing characteristics are compared with untreated fabrics. The causticised fabrics are dyed using the same padding procedures, for comparison. The optimum dyeing procedure is found to be padding with a dwell time of 1 min in liquor at 40⁰C after caustic pre-treatment to achieve the highest visual depth, dye uptake, and uniformity of fibre coloration. The fibrillation tendency of the Tencel plain weave fabrics is also reduced using this procedure. Numerical relationships are established to enable the prediction of dyeing properties such as colour strength, UFC for fabrics of different weave structures, applied by the various continuous dyeing processes