La imagen de Barbación en las "Res Gestae" de Amiano Marcelino1

This article analyzes the depiction of magister peditum Barbatio in Res Gestae (RG) by Ammianus Marcellinus. The historian offers an image of Barbatio as an shameful figure: sentenced to death for his betrayal of the Caesar Gallus; coward and arrogant, unable to stomach the spread of Julian’s fame, he chattered into the open ears of the Augustus Constantius many cruel accusations and deserved a disgraceful death. However, a comprehensive analysis of the Res Gestae texts on Barbatio, implementing implicit arguments (Sabbah 1978) and characterization techniques (Pauw 1977), enables a more nuanced understanding of his character, as well as of the historian’s partiality in this characterisation. The conclusions reached are that the traditional image of Barbatio has to be modified and that this minor character, as other secondary actants of the RG, operates as an extension of Constantius’ character.Este artículo analiza uno de los personajes secundarios más relevantes de las Res Gestae (RG) de Amiano Marcelino, el magister peditum Barbación. El historiador presenta a Barbación como un ser infame: colaborador en la muerte de Galo, cobarde, arrogante y desleal con Juliano durante la campaña militar del 357, delator de falsedades ante Constancio, merecedor de una muerte indigna. Sin embargo, un estudio de conjunto de los pasajes de Res Gestae, tomando como apoyo metodológico las técnicas de argumentación aplicadas al retrato y el concepto de ‘argumentación implícita’ de Sabbah 1978 y los métodos de caracterización de personajes de Pauw 1977, corrige esta visión comúnmente aceptada y demuestra la parcialidad del historiador. Así mismo se pone de manifiesto que el personaje, como otros actantes secundarios en las RG, es una réplica del carácter de Constancio II

Sex, Threats, and Absent Victims: The Lessons of Regina v. Bedingfield for Modern Confrontation and Domestic Violence Cases

In 2004, Crawford v. Washington, authored by Justice Scalia, revolutionized the law of confrontation by requiring that, aside from two discrete exceptions, all testimonial statements (those made with the expectation that they will serve to prosecute the accused) be subject to cross-examination. This new interpretation of the Sixth Amendment’s Confrontation Clause has profoundly affected domestic violence cases, making it much harder to prosecute them successfully. Although Justice Scalia’s approach to confrontation is new, it is strikingly similar to the analysis in Regina v. Bedingfield, a notorious English murder case, which excluded from the evidence an alleged statement by the murder victim. The analysis of the res gestae hearsay exception, which was central to excluding the victim’s statement in Bedingfield, focused on the timing of her statement, her intent in making it, and whether an ongoing emergency existed when the declaration was made. Justice Scalia’s rigid, formalistic approach to testimonial statements in Davis v. Washington, another in the line of new confrontation cases, is analogous and ultimately as confusing and unworkable as Bedingfield’s res gestae analysis. Although Bedingfield arose in 1879, its facts, replete with verbal abuse, intoxication, unheeded pleas for police protection, and ultimately, murder when the victim tried to break off the relationship, resonate with modern experiences of domestic violence. Both the Bedingfield case and Justice Scalia’s confrontation jurisprudence fail to account for the practical realities of domestic violence cases and ignore the voices of victims who cannot or will not testify on their own behalf. The facts of Bedingfield, which present a serious question whether the victim’s statement was ever uttered, demonstrate another flaw in Justice Scalia’s new approach. In addition to being too rigid in rejecting unconfronted testimonial statements, the new confrontation doctrine is also too lax regarding nontestimonial statements, which now receive no constitutional protection at all

Adversa divi Augusti. Pliny the Elder: Naturalis Historia 7. 147–150

The life-work of Augustus and its memory is usually illustrated by the Res gestae as well as the historical pieces of Tacitus, Suetonius and Cassius Dio. This cultural memory omits the Augustus-portrait of the chapters 147–150 of Book 7 of the Naturalis Historia, which summarize the life or more exactly the misfortunes of the life of Rome’s first emperor. This anti-Res gestae divi Augusti is unique not only in ancient literature but in the context of the Naturalis Historia as well. Critics have advocated different explanations. This paper is devoted to an analysis of these chapters in the context of the textual unit that organically contains them, and which culminates in them

Amiano y los juicios de Calcedonia : contradicciones y paradojas

Este estudio tiene por objeto examinar el pasaje en el que Amiano Marcelino relata los juicios de Calcedonia (Amm. Marc., XXII 3). Se tiene en cuenta la información que nos proporciona el conjunto de las Res Gestae y otras fuentes contemporáneas, a fin de considerar cuál es la postura que adopta este historiador en relación con el hecho histórico y la figura de Juliano como «soberano justo».This paper is focussed on examining the passage in which Ammianus Marcellinus (Amm. Marc., XXII 3) explains the trials at Chalcedon. Data from Res Gestae and other contemporary sources are taken into account in order to establish the position Ammianus adopted with regard to the historical event and in regard to Julian as an example of a «righteous ruler»

Eusebia vista por Amiano: un retrato entre líneas

En este artículo la autora propone una revisión de la imagen de la emperatriz Eusebia en las Res Gestae de Amiano Marcelino, a partir del grado ‘presencia’ del personaje. De modo particular compara esta representación con la que Juliano proporciona en sus escritos. Concluye que la benévola imagen que presentó Juliano ha contribuido a que pasara inadvertida hasta ahora la aversión de Amiano hacia Eusebia, expresada a través de sutilezas lingüísticas, como es característica del estilo amiáneo.This article redefines the image of Empress Eusebia in Res Gestae by Ammianus Marcellinus, by gauging her ‘Presence’ degree in the text, paying particular attention to a comparison between this image of her and the one provided by Julian in his own writings. The conclusion is that Julian’s benevolent image of Eusebia has contributed to veil Ammianus’ aversion to her, which is traceable in a subtle use of language, characteristic of Ammianus’ style

The Saeculum Augustum: between war and peace, conflicts and traumas

Intrinsecamente ambígua, a figura de Augusto (63 a.C.- 14 d.C.) continua a suscitar entre os académicos ou os amantes do passado romano um grande interesse e uma enorme perplexidade. Determinado e ambicioso, ainda que aparentemente frágil, Octaviano venceu Marco António em Áccio e a partir daí, apoderando-se paulatinamente dos órgãos políticos vitais do Estado romano, alcançou o poder absoluto. Acompanharemos este percurso através do seu testamento político, as Res Gestae Divi Augusti, e veremos como deixou registo, neste documento, dos conflitos e traumas que teve de enfrentar até se tornar o Senhor único de Roma.Being intrinsically ambiguous, Augustus’ figure (63 BC-14 AD) remains a matter of interest and a huge perplexity among scholars and lovers of the Roman past. Determined and ambitious, although apparently fragile, Octavian defeated Antony at Actium and from then on, gradually taking over the vital political bodies of the Roman state, reached absolute power. We will follow this path by analyzing a few steps of his political testament, the Res Gestae Divi Augusti, and we will see how he therein registered conflicts and traumas that he had to endure until he became the only Lord of Rome.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Toward a Writing-Centered Legal Education

The future of legal education—and experiential learning—should be grounded in a curriculum that requires students to take writing courses throughout law school. Additionally, the curriculum should be one that collapses the distinction between doctrinal, legal writing, and clinical faculty, as well as merges analytical, practical, and clinical instruction into a real world curriculum. The justification for a writing-intensive program of legal education is driven by the reality that persuasive writing ability is among the most important skills a lawyer must possess and a skill that many lawyers and judges claim graduates lack. Part of the problem is that law schools dedicate fewer than six credits to required legal writing courses and treat legal writing faculty as if they were second-class citizens. That should stop now. In making legal education more writing-centered, law schools can help struggling students to become competent writers, cultivate an educational environment in which good writers can become great writers, and bridge the divide between legal education and law practice

Presagis funestos per als emperadors i cèsars a les Res Gestae d'Ammià Marcel·lí

El determinisme d´Ammià Marcel·lí el porta a creure en el destí, que és anunciat per la divinitat a travésdetota mena de recursos. Així, abans de la mort de cadascú dels emperadors o cèsars que protagonitzen els vint-i-cinc anys d´història que abasten els divuit llibres conservats de les Res Gestae, un seguit de presagis variats avancen el futur funest dels mandataris romans. Aquest treball analitza la diversitat de tots aquests presagis o prediccions, majoritàriament els somnis dels propis dirigents, però també altres fets portadors de malastrugança.The determinism of Ammianus Marcellinus leads him to believe in fate, which is announced by the gods through all kinds of resources. So, before the death of each emperor or caesar who lead the twenty-five years of history covering the eighteen books preserved of the Res Gestae, a series of varied omens advance the fatal future of Roman leaders. This work analyzes the diversity of all these omens or predictions, mostly the dreams of the leaders themselves, but also other events that bring bad luck