Requirement-oriented core technological components’ identification based on SAO analysis

© 2017, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary. Technologies play an important role in the survival and development of enterprises. Understanding and monitoring the core technological components (e.g., technology process, operation method, function) of a technology is an important issue for researchers to develop R&D policy and manage product competitiveness. However, it is difficult to identify core technological components from a mass of terms, and we may experience some difficulties with describing complete technical details and understanding the terms-based results. This paper proposes a Subject-Action-Object (SAO)-based method, in which (1) a syntax-based approach is constructed to extract the SAO structures describing the function, relationship and operation in specified topics; (2) a systematic method is built to extract and screen technological components from SAOs; and (3) we propose a “relevance indicator” to calculate the relevance of the technological components to requirements, and finally identify core technological components based on this indicator. Based on the considerations for requirements and novelty, the core technological components identified have great market potential and can be useful in monitoring and forecasting new technologies. An empirical study of graphene is performed to demonstrate the proposed method. The resulting knowledge may hold interest for R&D management and corporate technology strategies in practice

TeknoAssistant : a domain specific tech mining approach for technical problem-solving support

This paper presents TeknoAssistant, a domain-specific tech mining method for building a problem-solution conceptual network aimed at helping technicians from a particular field to find alternative tools and pathways to implement when confronted with a problem. We evaluate our approach using Natural Language Processing field, and propose a 2-g text mining process adapted for analyzing scientific publications. We rely on a combination of custom indicators with Stanford OpenIE SAO extractor to build a Bernoulli Naive Bayes classifier which is trained by using domain-specific vocabulary provided by the TeknoAssistant user. The 2-g contained in the abstracts of a scientific publication dataset are classified in either "problem", "solution" or "none" categories, and a problem-solution network is built, based on the co-occurrence of problems and solutions in the abstracts. We propose a combination of clustering technique, visualization and Social Network Analysis indicators for guiding a hypothetical user in a domain-specific problem solving process

A Requirements-Based Exploration of Open-Source Software Development Projects – Towards a Natural Language Processing Software Analysis Framework

Open source projects do have requirements; they are, however, mostly informal, text descriptions found in requests, forums, and other correspondence. Understanding such requirements provides insight into the nature of open source projects. Unfortunately, manual analysis of natural language requirements is time-consuming, and for large projects, error-prone. Automated analysis of natural language requirements, even partial, will be of great benefit. Towards that end, I describe the design and validation of an automated natural language requirements classifier for open source software development projects. I compare two strategies for recognizing requirements in open forums of software features. The results suggest that classifying text at the forum post aggregation and sentence aggregation levels may be effective. Initial results suggest that it can reduce the effort required to analyze requirements of open source software development projects. Software development organizations and communities currently employ a large number of software development techniques and methodologies. This implied complexity is also enhanced by a wide range of software project types and development environments. The resulting lack of consistency in the software development domain leads to one important challenge that researchers encounter while exploring this area: specificity. This results in an increased difficulty of maintaining a consistent unit of measure or analysis approach while exploring a wide variety of software development projects and environments. The problem of specificity is more prominently exhibited in an area of software development characterized by a dynamic evolution, a unique development environment, and a relatively young history of research when compared to traditional software development: the open-source domain. While performing research on open source and the associated communities of developers, one can notice the same challenge of specificity being present in requirements engineering research as in the case of closed-source software development. Whether research is aimed at performing longitudinal or cross-sectional analyses, or attempts to link requirements to other aspects of software development projects and their management, specificity calls for a flexible analysis tool capable of adapting to the needs and specifics of the explored context. This dissertation covers the design, implementation, and evaluation of a model, a method, and a software tool comprising a flexible software development analysis framework. These design artifacts use a rule-based natural language processing approach and are built to meet the specifics of a requirements-based analysis of software development projects in the open-source domain. This research follows the principles of design science research as defined by Hevner et. al. and includes stages of problem awareness, suggestion, development, evaluation, and results and conclusion (Hevner et al. 2004; Vaishnavi and Kuechler 2007). The long-term goal of the research stream stemming from this dissertation is to propose a flexible, customizable, requirements-based natural language processing software analysis framework which can be adapted to meet the research needs of multiple different types of domains or different categories of analyses

Patent data driven innovation logic

Innovation research is conventionally conducted with creativity techniques such as TRIZ, Mind Mapping, Brainstorming, etc. (Dewulf, Baillie 1998). Patent research is typically used to research novelty or prior art, and legal studies. This thesis is at the intersection of creativity techniques, and patent data analysis. It describes how to utilise patent data for distilling Innovation Logic and conducting innovation research. Using the patent research tool PatentInspiration (© AULIVE Software NV), the 4 different stages of the Innovation Logic approach have been subjected to text analysis in patent literature. The specific text patterns were identified and documented on several case studies, with one case study across the whole thesis: the toothbrush. The opportunities and limitations of Patent Data Driven Innovation Research have been documented and discussed. This methodology has been demonstrated within a proposed structural approach to problem solving, technology marketing and innovation research. Furthermore, the potential of artificial idea generation and artificial creativity was examined and debated for the purpose of computer aided creativity. This thesis examines and confirms three claims: CLAIM 1: PROPERTIES AND FUNCTIONS CAN BE ADJECTIVES AND VERBS IN PATENT LITERATURE CLAIM 2: PATENT DATA ANALYSIS AUGMENTS THE FULL INNOVATION LOGIC PROCESS CLAIM 3: ARTIFICIAL INNOVATION METHODS CAN BE FUELED BY PATENT DATA Patent data can be text mined, acting as a global brain consisting of over 100 million invention documents. It is possible to use this existing data to reverse engineer thinking methodologies, allowing scientists and engineers to solve new problems, invent new products or processes, or find new markets for existing technologies. Patent Data Driven Innovation Logic will demonstrate a systematic innovation approach that combines the force of contemporary data mining methods on patent literature, with a structured innovation research methodology.Open Acces

Software Citation Implementation Challenges

The main output of the FORCE11 Software Citation working group (https://www.force11.org/group/software-citation-working-group) was a paper on software citation principles (https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.86) published in September 2016. This paper laid out a set of six high-level principles for software citation (importance, credit and attribution, unique identification, persistence, accessibility, and specificity) and discussed how they could be used to implement software citation in the scholarly community. In a series of talks and other activities, we have promoted software citation using these increasingly accepted principles. At the time the initial paper was published, we also provided guidance and examples on how to make software citable, though we now realize there are unresolved problems with that guidance. The purpose of this document is to provide an explanation of current issues impacting scholarly attribution of research software, organize updated implementation guidance, and identify where best practices and solutions are still needed

O elemento de inovação na lei de informática e seu resultado

The present research has the intent of studying the present results of the Informatics Law (IL) in Brazil as it pertains to its effect of innovation generation through its mandated R&D expenditures. With the objective of contextualizing the legislation we provide a brief historical overview of the legislation, the recent necessity of alteration of such legislation due to findings by the World Trade Organization, and a brief comparative of international efforts with similar intent, but different method, adopted by other countries. Subsequently, this study evaluates the recently available numbers related to R&D expenditures by the IL, giving special emphasis to limitations of the data that are not always perceived. Finally, we realize interviews with several participants and beneficiaries of the legislation in search of their impressions of the current situation and of our evaluation of the data generated. From this data, we make a general conclusion of the current state of the efforts of the Informatics Law in fomenting innovation through the mandated expenditure of R&D fund. We conclude with the identification of serious limitations in the results produced by the informatics law, and the mechanisms for monitoring results developed over the years.A pesquisa tem o intuito de estudar a situação presente dos resultados da Lei de Informática no Brasil no que tange ao aspecto de geração de inovação das verbas de pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D). Com o objetivo de contextualizar a legislação, inicia-se com um breve histórico da legislação, a recente necessidade de alteração da legislação devido a decisões negativas da Organização Mundial do Comércio; e comparativos internacionais com esforços históricos de intuito similar, mas mecânica diversa, adotados por outros países. Posteriormente, em sua segunda etapa, este estudo revisa os números disponíveis relativos à Lei de Informática e os dispêndios de P&D correlatos à legislação, enfatizando importantes limitações sobre os dados que são raramente percebidos por outras análises destes números. Finalmente, foram realizadas entrevistas com diversos atores beneficiados ou de outra forma atuantes com a Lei de Informática em busca de impressões e validações de percepções sobre os dados levantados na segunda etapa. Sobre esta coletânea de dados, realiza-se uma conclusão geral do estado atual dos esforços da Lei de Informática enquanto instrumento de fomento de inovação com seus dispêndios em pesquisa e desenvolvimento. Concluímos com a identificação de sérias limitações de resultados produzidos pela lei de informática e sobre os mecanismos de monitoramento de resultados desenvolvidos ao longo dos anos

Transition UGent: a bottom-up initiative towards a more sustainable university

The vibrant think-tank ‘Transition UGent’ engaged over 250 academics, students and people from the university management in suggesting objectives and actions for the Sustainability Policy of Ghent University (Belgium). Founded in 2012, this bottom-up initiative succeeded to place sustainability high on the policy agenda of our university. Through discussions within 9 working groups and using the transition management method, Transition UGent developed system analyses, sustainability visions and transition paths on 9 fields of Ghent University: mobility, energy, food, waste, nature and green, water, art, education and research. At the moment, many visions and ideas find their way into concrete actions and policies. In our presentation we focused on the broad participative process, on the most remarkable structural results (e.g. a formal and ambitious Sustainability Vision and a student-led Sustainability Office) and on recent actions and experiments (e.g. a sustainability assessment on food supply in student restaurants, artistic COP21 activities, ambitious mobility plans, food leftovers projects, an education network on sustainability controversies, a transdisciplinary platform on Sustainable Cities). We concluded with some recommendations and reflections on this transition approach, on the important role of ‘policy entrepreneurs’ and student involvement, on lock-ins and bottlenecks, and on convincing skeptical leaders

SUSTAINABILITY IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS AUDITING

Auditing is a systematic process of obtaining and evaluating evidence of activities, events or transactions. Currently, audit practices have been revolutionized by the development of information technology and basically information systems auditing focuses on assessing proper implementation, operation and control of information systems resources within organisation. Several frameworks have been formulated for information systems auditing implementation to achieve improvement in auditing performance related to compliance requirements, internal controls evaluation and information systems success. However, sustainability dimensions in the information systems auditing practices and the development of appropriate framework are not enough discussed in the literature although sustainability is becoming significant in achieving certain organisation‘s objective. Therefore, this study intends to analyse the relevant requirements by auditors and sustainability factors and use them to formulate IS audit by integrating sustainability in the auditing process. Thus, improve audit performance and enhanced accountability and integrity of auditors