Iterated Sumsets and Subsequence Sums

Let $G\cong \mathbb Z/m_1\mathbb Z\times\ldots\times \mathbb Z/m_r\mathbb Z$ be a finite abelian group with $m_1\mid\ldots\mid m_r=\exp(G)$. The Kemperman Structure Theorem characterizes all subsets $A,\,B\subseteq G$ satisfying $|A+B|<|A|+|B|$ and has been extended to cover the case when $|A+B|\leq |A|+|B|$. Utilizing these results, we provide a precise structural description of all finite subsets $A\subseteq G$ with $|nA|\leq (|A|+1)n-3$ when $n\geq 3$ (also when $G$ is infinite), in which case many of the pathological possibilities from the case $n=2$ vanish, particularly for large $n\geq \exp(G)-1$. The structural description is combined with other arguments to generalize a subsequence sum result of Olson asserting that a sequence $S$ of terms from $G$ having length $|S|\geq 2|G|-1$ must either have every element of $G$ representable as a sum of $|G|$-terms from $S$ or else have all but $|G/H|-2$ of its terms lying in a common $H$-coset for some $H\leq G$. We show that the much weaker hypothesis $|S|\geq |G|+\exp(G)$ suffices to obtain a nearly identical conclusion, where for the case $H$ is trivial we must allow all but $|G/H|-1$ terms of $S$ to be from the same $H$-coset. The bound on $|S|$ is improved for several classes of groups $G$, yielding optimal lower bounds for $|S|$. We also generalize Olson's result for $|G|$-term subsums to an analogous one for $n$-term subsums when $n\geq \exp(G)$, with the bound likewise improved for several special classes of groups. This improves previous generalizations of Olson's result, with the bounds for $n$ optimal.Comment: Revised version, with results reworded to appear less technica

Almost all primes have a multiple of small Hamming weight

Recent results of Bourgain and Shparlinski imply that for almost all primes $p$ there is a multiple $mp$ that can be written in binary as $mp= 1+2^{m_1}+ \cdots +2^{m_k}, \quad 1\leq m_1 < \cdots < m_k,$ with $k=66$ or $k=16$, respectively. We show that $k=6$ (corresponding to Hamming weight $7$) suffices. We also prove there are infinitely many primes $p$ with a multiplicative subgroup $A=\subset \mathbb{F}_p^*$, for some $g \in \{2,3,5\}$, of size $|A|\gg p/(\log p)^3$, where the sum-product set $A\cdot A+ A\cdot A$ does not cover $\mathbb{F}_p$ completely

Transfer of Fourier multipliers into Schur multipliers and sumsets in a discrete group

We inspect the relationship between relative Fourier multipliers on noncommutative Lebesgue-Orlicz spaces of a discrete group and relative Toeplitz-Schur multipliers on Schatten-von-Neumann-Orlicz classes. Four applications are given: lacunary sets; unconditional Schauder bases for the subspace of a Lebesgue space determined by a given spectrum, that is, by a subset of the group; the norm of the Hilbert transform and the Riesz projection on Schatten-von-Neumann classes with exponent a power of 2; the norm of Toeplitz Schur multipliers on Schatten-von-Neumann classes with exponent less than 1.Comment: Corresponds to the version published in the Canadian Journal of Mathematics 63(5):1161-1187 (2011