Factors influencing job satisfaction in the Malaysian Vocational College: herzberg two factor theory perspective

Teaching nowadays requires high commitment from teachers; the workload is heavy, the role is broad and the teachers are directly responsible for educating and developing the students. Educating and developing technical and vocational students requires quality, competent and high commitment teachers. Without commitment and motivation, they feel dissatisfied, or lack of passion in their job and the worst situation, some of them may withdraw or turnover from the profession. Teachers will achieve job satisfaction when the motivation and hygiene factors complement each other. Vocational colleges want their teachers to have the best possible performance. However, how to motivate the teachers? There is not much point in motivating them if they do not care about hygiene factors. Motivating people to work when the things they complain about disappear. When the dissatisfaction is taken away, the institutions can focus on motivating teachers effectively. Hence, the purpose of this study is to highlight the factors that affect job satisfaction in vocational colleges in Malaysia and identify the factors that affect job satisfaction. This study used Two-Factor Theory from Herzberg to decide how significant hygiene and motivator factors are related to job satisfaction among the vocational teachers and how the two factors complement each other. Among the factors identified are company policy, supervision, work conditions, salary, recognition, the work itself, personal growth, and achievement. This study also has theoretical implications for directing future developments study and offers practical suggestions to the management in the improvement of job satisfaction among vocational teachers. Job satisfaction is essential for individuals and vocational colleges. Factors affecting job satisfaction need to be given more attention to improve the quality of education and thus achieve student success. Herzberg Two-Factor Theory provides two factors that affect teachers' motivation in the workplace. Hygiene factors will influence teachers’ working less if they are not present, while motivational factors will motivate teachers to work better if they are present. Therefore, any hygiene factors must be resolved first, and then motivating factors must be boosted

Shape Evolution With Structural and Topological Changes Using Blending

This paper describes a framework for the estimation of shape from sparse or incomplete range data. It uses a shape representation called blending, which allows for the geometric combination of shapes into a unified model— selected regions of the component shapes are cut-out and glued together. Estimation of shape using this representation is realized using a physics-based framework, and also includes a process for deciding how to adapt the structure and topology of the model to improve the fit. The blending representation helps avoid abrupt changes in model geometry during fitting by allowing the smooth evolution of the shape, which improves the robustness of the technique. We demonstrate this framework with a series of experiments showing its ability to automatically extract structured representations from range data given both structurally and topologically complex objects

Brain Learning, Attention, and Consciousness

The processes whereby our brains continue to learn about a changing world in a stable fashion throughout life are proposed to lead to conscious experiences. These processes include the learning of top-down expectations, the matching of these expectations against bottom-up data, the focusing of attention upon the expected clusters of information, and the development of resonant states between bottom-up and top-down processes as they reach an attentive consensus between what is expected and what is there in the outside world. It is suggested that all conscious states in the brain are resonant states, and that these resonant states trigger learning of sensory and cognitive representations. The model which summarize these concepts are therefore called Adaptive Resonance Theory, or ART, models. Psychophysical and neurobiological data in support of ART are presented from early vision, visual object recognition, auditory streaming, variable-rate speech perception, somatosensory perception, and cognitive-emotional interactions, among others. It is noted that ART mechanisms seem to be operative at all levels of the visual system, and it is proposed how these mechanisms are realized by known laminar circuits of visual cortex. It is predicted that the same circuit realization of ART mechanisms will be found in the laminar circuits of all sensory and cognitive neocortex. Concepts and data are summarized concerning how some visual percepts may be visibly, or modally, perceived, whereas amoral percepts may be consciously recognized even though they are perceptually invisible. It is also suggested that sensory and cognitive processing in the What processing stream of the brain obey top-down matching and learning laws that arc often complementary to those used for spatial and motor processing in the brain's Where processing stream. This enables our sensory and cognitive representations to maintain their stability a.s we learn more about the world, while allowing spatial and motor representations to forget learned maps and gains that are no longer appropriate as our bodies develop and grow from infanthood to adulthood. Procedural memories are proposed to be unconscious because the inhibitory matching process that supports these spatial and motor processes cannot lead to resonance.Defense Advance Research Projects Agency; Office of Naval Research (N00014-95-1-0409, N00014-95-1-0657); National Science Foundation (IRI-97-20333

Computational Intelligence in Electromyography Analysis

Electromyography (EMG) is a technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. EMG may be used clinically for the diagnosis of neuromuscular problems and for assessing biomechanical and motor control deficits and other functional disorders. Furthermore, it can be used as a control signal for interfacing with orthotic and/or prosthetic devices or other rehabilitation assists. This book presents an updated overview of signal processing applications and recent developments in EMG from a number of diverse aspects and various applications in clinical and experimental research. It will provide readers with a detailed introduction to EMG signal processing techniques and applications, while presenting several new results and explanation of existing algorithms. This book is organized into 18 chapters, covering the current theoretical and practical approaches of EMG research

Matched filtering with interferometric 21cm experiments

A new generation of interferometric instruments is emerging which aim to use intensity mapping of redshifted $21\,$cm radiation to measure the large-scale structure of the Universe at $z\simeq 1-2$ over wide areas of sky. While these instruments typically have limited angular resolution, they cover huge volumes and thus can be used to provide large samples of rare objects. In this paper we study how well such instruments could find spatially extended large-scale structures, such as cosmic voids, using a matched filter formalism. Such a formalism allows us to work in Fourier space, the natural space for interferometers, and to study the impact of finite $u-v$ coverage, noise and foregrounds on our ability to recover voids. We find that in the absence of foregrounds such instruments would provide enormous catalogs of voids, with high completeness, but that control of foregrounds is key to realizing this goal.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, minor revisions to match version accepted by MNRA

Microwave Measurements on n-Disk Systems and Investigation of Branching in correlated Potentials and turbulent Flows

In this work we investigate the wave propagation in three different complex systems. In the first two systems we focus on the wave propagation through random potentials, the first one in a microwave and the second one in an acoustic setup. In both systems we focus on the non-Gaussian properties of the measured quantities. The third system is a paradigmatic example of a fully chaotic open system with a fractal repeller. Here the relation of the classical periodic orbits and quantum mechanical quantities is studied. In the first experiment we induce a potential into the microwave cavity by placing randomly distributed metallic scatterers on the bottom plate. Spatially resolved measurements of the full wave function reveal strong intensity fluctuations and a condensation of the wave flow along classical caustics. Additionally the scaling behavior of the branching with respect to the standard deviation of the potential is investigated and the predicted exponent of $-2/3$ is reproduced. As there are several open modes in the cavity due to the high frequency, effects of mode interference and mode coupling are found and explained, which go beyond the theoretical model. Perturbation theory of the Helmholtz equation for non-parallel top and bottom plate reveals extra source terms for the wave function, which are induced by the other open modes. These dynamics are also found in the experimental data. The second experiment deals with an acoustic setup, where the sound of a turbulent air flow is recorded. Here strong deviations from the central limit theorem, which predicts a Gaussian distribution of wave intensities, are observed. In a second experiment performed in a wind tunnel a monochromatic sound wave is sent through the air flow. The hope to learn something about the properties of the turbulence by investigating the modulations of the original sound is not met. But again non-Gaussian behavior is found. In the third part of this thesis another complex system is studied in a microwave setup: The emph{n}-disk system consists of emph{n} equal disks placed on an equilateral polygon in a two dimensional plane. Such an open systems provides complex resonances, which are extracted from our measured spectra via an elaborate algorithm, the harmonic inversion. The challenges of this extraction are discussed in detail and possible solutions for arising problems are suggested. The finally obtained resonances are used for the calculation of the counting function of the real parts, whose growth is predicted by the Hausdorff dimension as leading order. The distributions of the imaginary parts are studied with respect to the opening of the system. The largest (negative) imaginary part defines the spectral gap, which is compared to predictions, which can be calculated by using the periodic orbits of the system. By similar means a suggestions for the development of the maximum of this distribution is tested. Moreover the experimental data is compared to the quantum mechanical calculation of the system