The History of Computer Games

This handout presents milestones in the history of computer backgammon, computer bridge, computer checkers, computer chess, computer Go, computer Othello, and computer poker

Sacred Heart University Magazine, Volume 3, Issue 2

Highlights: Channels of peace: Sacred Heart\u27s campus ministry -- Judy Ann Riccio is SHU\u27s first female athletic director -- Canine Cognition Lab -- Untitled Othello Project -- SHU\u27s sororities and fraternities lead by example -- Chess Club -- Seeing beneath the surface, by Gina Pribaz: Tomas Koeck \u2722, senior in the School of Communication, Media & the Arts (SCMA) -- Better by design, by Steve Neumann: Tolga Kaya leads SHU\u27s fledgling computer engineering program -- All-in on ice, by William Meiners: Building underway for The Martire Family Arena -- Now. Listen. Here, by Will Mayer, Psy.D.: The last few years have been a challenge for everyone -- Spirit: Sports -- From the archive: 1967 commencement pprocession photo

Habitual Ethics?

What if data-intensive technologies’ ability to mould habits with unprecedented precision is also capable of triggering some mass disability of profound consequences? What if we become incapable of modifying the deeply-rooted habits that stem from our increased technological dependence? On an impoverished understanding of habit, the above questions are easily shrugged off. Habits are deemed rigid by definition: ‘as long as our deliberative selves remain capable of steering the design of data-intensive technologies, we’ll be fine’. To question this assumption, this open access book first articulates the way in which the habitual stretches all the way from unconscious tics to purposive, intentionally acquired habits. It also highlights the extent to which our habit-reliant, pre-reflective intelligence normally supports our deliberative selves. It is when habit rigidification sets in that this complementarity breaks down. The book moves from a philosophical inquiry into the ‘double edge’ of habit — its empowering and compromising sides — to consideration of individual and collective strategies to keep habits at the service of our ethical life. Allowing the norms that structure our forms of life to be cotton-wooled in abstract reasoning is but one of the factors that can compromise ongoing social and moral transformations. Systems designed to simplify our practical reasoning can also make us ‘sheep-like’. Drawing a parallel between the moral risk inherent in both legal and algorithmic systems, the book concludes with concrete interventions designed to revive the scope for normative experimentation. It will appeal to any reader concerned with our retaining an ability to trigger change within the practices that shape our ethical sensibility. The eBook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by the Mozilla Foundation

Psychological challenges for the analysis of style.

This article remains the copyright of Cambridge University Press. The definitive version of this article can be found at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S089006040606015XAnalyses of styles in design have paid little attention to how people see style, and how designers use perceptions of style to guide designing. While formal and computational methods for analysing styles and generating designs provide impressively parsimonious accounts of what some styles are, they do not address many of the factors that influence how humans understand styles. The subtlety of human style judgements raises challenges for computational approaches to style. This paper differentiates between a range of distinct meanings of 'style', and explores how designers and ordinary people learn and apply perceptual similarity classes and style concepts in different situations to interpret and create designed artefacts. A range of psychological evidence indicates that style perception is dependent on knowledge, and involves the interaction of perceptual recognition of style features and explanatory inference processes that create a coherent understanding of an object as an exemplar of a style. This paper concludes by outlining how formal style analyses can be used in combination with psychological research to develop a fuller understanding of style perception and creative design

Habitual Ethics?

What if data-intensive technologies’ ability to mould habits with unprecedented precision is also capable of triggering some mass disability of profound consequences? What if we become incapable of modifying the deeply-rooted habits that stem from our increased technological dependence? On an impoverished understanding of habit, the above questions are easily shrugged off. Habits are deemed rigid by definition: ‘as long as our deliberative selves remain capable of steering the design of data-intensive technologies, we’ll be fine’. To question this assumption, this open access book first articulates the way in which the habitual stretches all the way from unconscious tics to purposive, intentionally acquired habits. It also highlights the extent to which our habit-reliant, pre-reflective intelligence normally supports our deliberative selves. It is when habit rigidification sets in that this complementarity breaks down. The book moves from a philosophical inquiry into the ‘double edge’ of habit — its empowering and compromising sides — to consideration of individual and collective strategies to keep habits at the service of our ethical life. Allowing the norms that structure our forms of life to be cotton-wooled in abstract reasoning is but one of the factors that can compromise ongoing social and moral transformations. Systems designed to simplify our practical reasoning can also make us ‘sheep-like’. Drawing a parallel between the moral risk inherent in both legal and algorithmic systems, the book concludes with concrete interventions designed to revive the scope for normative experimentation. It will appeal to any reader concerned with our retaining an ability to trigger change within the practices that shape our ethical sensibility. The eBook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by the Mozilla Foundation

Individual Motivation, its Nature, Determinants and Consequences for Within Group Behavior

The paper deals with evaluating the adequacy of the assumption that in economic transactions people are self-interested insofar as they are motivated solely by the concern of maximizing their own utility, and in particular with assessing how this assumption affects within-group behavior. Policy and incentive structures based on the assumption of exogenous and self-interested motivation can undermine other sources of motivation and have negative effects both on cooperative behavior and also on economic efficiency. The paper sketches the motivational assumption of homo œconomicus: in the classical formulation, in rational choice theory and in Becker’s later work which introduces personal and social capital into the individual utility function. It then challenges the position that homo œconomicus contains an adequate characterization of human motivation for cooperative within-group behavior. It introduces alternative motivational behaviors: philia and altruism, identity and self-expression, moral rules, intrinsic motivation and social norms. It argues that motivations are complex and multiple; a single assumption of utility maximization is insufficient for policy purposes. As the individual is always a social being, how she behaves will be dependent on the social context in which she is acting. If motivations are endogenous, and if under certain conditions maximizing motivation displaces other sources of motivation, then these indirect effects, and their long term consequences for efficiency and equity, should be taken into account in framing economic policies.Motivation; Rational Choice; Self-Interest; Cooperation

Testosterone and vasopressin in men’s reproductive behavior

One common practice used by researchers is to divide human reproduction into two major domains: mating and parenting. Adaptive problems men faced over the millennia may have produced evolutionary pressure for hormone responses and behavior that facilitate both mating and parenting, either separately or simultaneously. The sometimes competing domains of mating and parenting in men are often mediated by a number of the same hormones, such as testosterone (T) and arginine vasopressin (AVP). One aim of the current study was to examine differences in baseline levels of T and AVP between childless men who were not in an exclusive, romantic relationship and married fathers. Another aim was to examine differences in responses in these hormones as a function of relationship/parental status and mating versus parenting audiovisual stimuli. Sixty men, ages 21-44 years, completed the study. Thirty were single, childless men and 30 were fathers, 29 of whom were married. Participants provided saliva samples for T assay and urine samples for AVP assay before and after viewing one of two randomly assigned 15-minute videos. One video was aimed at mating efforts and included couples engaging in sexual activity. The other video was aimed at parenting efforts and included clips of babies/toddlers crying from receiving a vaccination needle. There was no significant difference in baseline T or AVP between the single, childless men and the married fathers. Also, there was no significant difference in T or AVP responses as a function of relationship/parental status or video condition. Interpretation of the results and conclusions are discussed

The Ticker, April 26, 2004

The Ticker is the student newspaper of Baruch College. It has been published continuously since 1932, when the Baruch College campus was the School of Business and Civic Administration of the City College of New York

UB Knightlines Fall/Winter 2016

The UB Knightlines newsletter for fall and winter of 2016. This issue contains articles discussing winners of the UB Alumni Association's Distinguished Alumni Award, Alumni Association Scholarship winner Mendel Murray, professor Jeongkyu Lee’s Young Data Science program, president emeritus Richard Rubenstein and this book After Auschwitz, UB receiving a National Institutes of Health grant to expand research, SASD students winning third place in the Sherwin-Williams STIR Student Design Challenge, the opening of the new dorm University Hall, student Michael Asmerom a National Association of Black Accountants, professor Marsha Matto and SASD students work with couple to design beach home, faculty news, alumni news, books published by alums and faculty, and other campus and sports news

Washington University Record, February 14, 2008

https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/record/2132/thumbnail.jp