SOCIAL WORK STUDENTS\u27 UNDERSTANDING OF CHILDHOOD PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL MALTREATMENT BY CAREGIVERS

Child psychological, emotional maltreatment (CPEM) presents to the social work profession as one of the most challenging to detect, prevent and intervene. The consequences of CPEM have been equally devastating to a child’s development compared to all other forms of childhood maltreatment. The purpose of this study is to assess graduate social work students’ knowledge of CPEM as a determinant of their clinical preparedness to work with families in practice. The rationale for this study is to explore how the lack of focus on CPEM in university education, field experience, and field supervision impacts a social worker’s ability to prioritize the right of every child to live free from abuse. The research method used for this study involved a quantitative exploratory design with a self-reported survey developed by the researcher. The survey was distributed and administered through a Qualtrics link and was open to a convenient sample of all graduate social work students enrolled in the MSW program. The independent variables included clinical comfort, clinical preparedness, and education/field experiences. The dependent variable was the level of knowledge of CPEM as demonstrated through a vignette score. Pearson correlations were evaluated for significant relationships. The most significant findings of this research were that MSW students’ knowledge of CPEM was related to their experiences with assessing the level of trauma in CPEM exposed children. The implication of this study is to develop a globally accepted and uniform definition of CPEM. In addition, the academic curriculum should be expanded to address the full scope of CPEM by integrating clinical reasoning and decision-processing early in the curriculum layout. Furthermore, field agencies and supervisors should adopt leadership roles for learning and disseminating knowledge about CPEM. Accommodation for future research regarding CPEM would include the development of a specific screening tool for early detection of CPEM in children

La calidad peatonal como método para evaluar entornos de movilidad urbana

El creciente interés por integrar elementos de la estructura y el diseño de la ciudad en la evaluación y la gestión de la movilidad urbana ha contribuido al desarrollo de nuevos métodos e instrumentos que profundicen en este aspecto. La identificación de entornos de movilidad podría considerarse un avance conceptual y metodológico importante en este sentido, puesto que abre nuevas posibilidades para la generación de métodos que comprendan mejor la vinculación entre movilidad y entorno urbano desde una perspectiva que pueda ser útil en la práctica de la planificación. Este artículo se dirige a profundizar sobre la cuestión apuntada, particularizando en el caso específico de la movilidad peatonal. De este modo, se presenta el método de caracterización peatonal de entornos de movilidad (CPEM) como herramienta útil para evaluarlos desde el punto de vista de su calidad peatonal, utilizando los cuatro factores siguientes: accesibilidad, seguridad, confort y atracción. Para comprobar la consistencia y la utilidad de CPEM respecto a su objetivo inicial, éste ha sido aplicado al caso práctico de dos entornos de movilidad previamente identificados en un corredor del área metropolitana de Granada (España).El creixent interès per integrar elements de l'estructura i el disseny de la ciutat en l'avaluació i en la gestió de la mobilitat urbana ha contribuït a desenvolupar mètodes i instruments nous que aprofundeixin en aquest aspecte. La identificació d'entorns de mobilitat es podria considerar un avenç conceptual i metodològic important en aquest sentit, que obre noves possibilitats per a la generació de mètodes que comprenguin millor la vinculació entre mobilitat i entorn urbà des d'una perspectiva que pugui ser útil per practicar la planificació. Aquest article es dirigeix a aprofundir sobre la qüestió apuntada, particularitzant en el cas específic de la mobilitat de vianants. D'aquesta manera, es presenta el mètode de caracterització d'entorns de mobilitat per a vianants (CPEM) com a eina útil per avaluarne des del punt de vista de la qualitat que mostren per als vianants, utilitzant els quatre factors següents: accessibilitat, seguretat, confort i atracció. Per comprovar la consistència i la utilitat del CPEM respecte al seu objectiu inicial, aquest ha estat aplicat al cas pràctic de dos entorns de mobilitat prèviament identificats en un corredor de l'àrea metropolitana de Granada (Espanya).L'intérêt chaque fois plus grand, pour intégrer les éléments de la structure et le design de la ville en l'évaluation et aménagement de la mobilité urbaine, a contribué au développement de nouveaux méthodes et outils qui approfondissent cet aspect. L'identification des environnements de mobilité pourrait être considéré comme une avancée conceptuelle et méthodologique importante dans ce sens, ce qui ouvre de nouvelles possibilités pour générer des méthodes permettant de mieux comprendre le lien entre la mobilité et de l'environnement urbain dans une perspective qui peut être utile dans la pratique de planification. Cet article prétend approfondir cette question, en particularisant dans le cas spécifique de la mobilité piétonnière. De cette façon, on présente la méthode de Caractérisation Piétonnière d'Environnements de Mobilité (CPEM) comme une outil pour évaluer les environnements de mobilité dans le point de vue de sa qualité piétonnière, en utilisant les quatre facteurs suivants: accessibilité, sécurité, confort et attraction. Pour vérifier la consistance et l'utilité de CPEM par rapport à son objectif initial, on a appliqué au cas pratique de deux «environnements de mobilité» au préalable identifiés dans un corridor de l'agglomération urbaine de Grenade (Espagne).Over the last years there has been a growing interest to integrate structure, urban design and travel patterns. The incorporation of this knowledge into practice, namely mobility planning, has been positively affected by the development of new planning tools. Despite the innovation of mobility environment approach as a novel instrument for mobility planning, new methods seem to be needed. They aim to deepen our understanding of the relationships between urban structure and travel pattern through mobility environment concept. The article aims to gain insight into this problem using the particular case of pedestrian mobility. A method to characterize the pedestrian quality of mobility environments is presented here (CPEM). CPEM assesses the pedestrian quality through four walkability aspects: accessibility, security, comfort and attractiveness. To illustrate the worth of this method, a practical implementation to the context of the metropolitan area of Granada, Spain, is presented. The paper describes this case, explores the advantages and disadvantages of CPEM, and finally anticipates some issues for future research

Avaliação de automonitoria em pré-escolares com diferentes repertórios sociais

Las dificultades de automonitoreo están relacionadas con las conductas problemáticas y déficits en las habilidades sociales. Aclarar estas relaciones, poco investigadas en la primera infancia, puede aportar contribuciones teóricas y prácticas al desarrollo infantil. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar los indicadores de automonitoreo (autodescripción, descripción y elección de consecuencias) en preescolares, con diferentes repertorios de habilidades sociales y conducta problemática. Cincuenta y tres preescolares (5-6 años), de ambos sexos y que estudiaban en escuelas públicas fueron evaluados por sus padres y maestros respecto a las habilidades sociales y conductas problemáticas, y, además, completaron tareas del Recurso Ilustrativo de Automonitoreo. Los resultados indicaron: (a) mejores puntajes para niños con habilidades sociales en todos los indicadores; (b) correlaciones positivas de indicadores con habilidades sociales y correlaciones negativas con conductas problemáticas internas. Se discute la posible influencia del desarrollo cognitivo y verbal en los resultados, la utilidad del recurso ilustrativo para identificar contingencias existentes y la importancia de promover automonitoreo en la primera infancia.Difficulties in self-monitoring are potentially related to behavior problems and deficits in social skills. Clarifying these relationships—still little investigated in early childhood—can bring theoretical and practical contributions to child development. This study sought to characterize self-monitoring indicators (self-description, description, and choice of consequences) in preschool children, with different repertoires of social skills and problem behaviors. A total of 53 preschool children (5–6 years-old), of both sexes and from public schools were assessed by their parents and teachers on social skills and problem behaviors and completed tasks from an Illustrative Self-Monitoring resource. The results indicated: (a) better scores for children with social skills in all self-monitoring indicators; (b) positive correlations of indicators with social skills and negative correlations with internalizing problem behaviors. The possible influence of cognitive and verbal development on outcomes, the usefulness of the Illustrative Self-Monitoring resource to identify existing contingencies, and the importance of promoting self-monitoring in early childhood are discussed.Dificuldades em automonitoria estão potencialmente relacionadas a problemas de comportamento e déficits em habilidades sociais. Esclarecer essas relações, pouco investigadas na primeira infância, pode trazer contribuições teóricas e práticas para o desenvolvimento infantil. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar indicadores de automonitoria (autodescrição, descrição e escolha de consequências) em pré-escolares com diferentes repertórios de habilidades sociais e comportamentos-problema. 53 pré-escolares (5-6 anos), de ambos os sexos e de escolas públicas foram avaliados por seus pais e professores em habilidades sociais e comportamentos-problema e completaram tarefas do Recurso Ilustrativo de Automonitoria. Os resultados indicaram: (a) melhores escores para crianças com habilidades sociais em todos indicadores de automonitoria; (b) correlações positivas dos indicadores com habilidades sociais e negativas com comportamentos-problema internalizantes. Discute-se a possível influência do desenvolvimento cognitivo e verbal sobre os resultados, a utilidade do recurso ilustrativo para identificar contingências em vigor e a importância de promover automonitoria na primeira infância

Characterization of high-speed balanced photodetectors

We report the characterization of a balanced ultrafast photodetector. For this purpose, we use a recently developed time-domain laser-based vector network analyzer (VNA) to determine the common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of the device under test. This includes the frequency-domain response above the single-mode frequency of the coaxial connector. Although the balanced photodetector has a nominal bandwidth of 43 GHz, it generates voltage pulses with frequency components up to 180 GHz. We obtain a CMRR of better than 30 dB up to 70 GHz and better than 20 dB up to 110 GHz. The laser-based measurements are compared with the measurements using a digital sampling oscilloscope and with the frequency-domain measurements using a conventional VNA. We obtain good agreement between the three techniques with the laser-based method providing the largest measurement bandwidth, although it also constitutes the most complicated characterization setup

Comparison of Low DC Current Traceability Methods and Gas Capacitors AC–DC Dependence

partially_open6sìThis article compares two instruments for the traceable measurement of dc low currents, a custom capacitance-voltage (C-V) source and the ultrastable low-current amplifier (ULCA), a commercial precision transresistance amplifier. The instruments are calibrated through independent traceability routes. The comparison base relative accuracy is in the 10(-6)-10(-5) range. Differences between the two instrument readings, in the 10(-5) range, are interpreted as an effect of the frequency dependence of the capacitor employed in the C-Vsource. Such frequency dependence can also affect primary metrology experiments in other fields.openCallegaro, Luca; Cassiago, Cristina; D'Elia, Vincenzo; Gasparotto, Enrico; Enrico, Emanuele; Gotz, MartinCallegaro, Luca; Cassiago, Cristina; D'Elia, Vincenzo; Gasparotto, Enrico; Enrico, Emanuele; Gotz, Marti