Generation of folk song melodies using Bayes transforms

The paper introduces the `Bayes transform', a mathematical procedure for putting data into a hierarchical representation. Applicable to any type of data, the procedure yields interesting results when applied to sequences. In this case, the representation obtained implicitly models the repetition hierarchy of the source. There are then natural applications to music. Derivation of Bayes transforms can be the means of determining the repetition hierarchy of note sequences (melodies) in an empirical and domain-general way. The paper investigates application of this approach to Folk Song, examining the results that can be obtained by treating such transforms as generative models

Automated knowledge capture in 2D and 3D design environments

In Life Cycle Engineering, it is vital that the engineering knowledge for the product is captured throughout its life cycle in a formal and structured manner. This will allow the information to be referred to in the future by engineers who did not work on the original design but are wanting to understand the reasons that certain design decisions were made. In the past, attempts were made to try to capture this knowledge by having the engineer record the knowledge manually during a design session. However, this is not only time-consuming but is also disruptive to the creative process. Therefore, the research presented in this paper is concerned with capturing design knowledge automatically using a traditional 2D design environment and also an immersive 3D design environment. The design knowledge is captured by continuously and non-intrusively logging the user during a design session and then storing this output in a structured eXtensible Markup Language (XML) format. Next, the XML data is analysed and the design processes that are involved can be visualised by the automatic generation of IDEF0 diagrams. Using this captured knowledge, it forms the basis of an interactive online assistance system to aid future users who are carrying out a similar design task

A Dynamic Approach to Rhythm in Language: Toward a Temporal Phonology

It is proposed that the theory of dynamical systems offers appropriate tools to model many phonological aspects of both speech production and perception. A dynamic account of speech rhythm is shown to be useful for description of both Japanese mora timing and English timing in a phrase repetition task. This orientation contrasts fundamentally with the more familiar symbolic approach to phonology, in which time is modeled only with sequentially arrayed symbols. It is proposed that an adaptive oscillator offers a useful model for perceptual entrainment (or `locking in') to the temporal patterns of speech production. This helps to explain why speech is often perceived to be more regular than experimental measurements seem to justify. Because dynamic models deal with real time, they also help us understand how languages can differ in their temporal detail---contributing to foreign accents, for example. The fact that languages differ greatly in their temporal detail suggests that these effects are not mere motor universals, but that dynamical models are intrinsic components of the phonological characterization of language.Comment: 31 pages; compressed, uuencoded Postscrip

Holographic Reduced Representations for Oscillator Recall: A Model of Phonological Production

This paper describes a new computational model of phonological production, Holographic Reduced Representations for Oscillator Recall, or HORROR. HORROR's architecture accounts for phonological speech error patterns by combining the hierarchical oscillating context signal of the OSCAR serial-order model~\cite{VousdenEtAl:2000,BrownEtAl:2000} with a holographic associative memory~\cite{Plate:1995}. The resulting model is novel in a number of ways. Most importantly, all of the noise needed to generate errors is intrinsic to the system, instead of being generated by an external process. The model features fully-distributed hierarchical phoneme representations and a single distributed associative memory. Using fewer parameters and a more parsimonious design than OSCAR, HORROR accounts for error type proportions, the syllable-position constraint, and other constraints seen in the human speech error data

A vortex method for viscous unsteady flows

A simple method is presented for the creation of vorticity from a solid boundary in the form of discrete vortex blobs. These vortices have uniform-vorticity cores and are released from a number of points distributed around the body surface at a small distance away from the surface. Their strengths are obtained by satisfying the no-slip condition at the midpoints of the corresponding vortex sheets. The dynamics of these vortices is then considered by including the effect of viscous diffusion by random13; walk approach. The method is applied to the starting flow past a circular cylinder. A detailed parametric study shows that viscosity has the most significant effect on13; the computed results and, in order to obtain meaningful results, it must be reduced suitably to compensate for the artificial viscosity arising from numerical integration13; of equations of motion of the discrete vortices. Results are obtained for three typical Reynolds numbers of 9500, 3000 and 550, and are found to be in very good agreement13; with experimental measurements for the centerline velocity distribution. In particular, the case of Re=550 illustrates the usefulness of the present model even at low Reynolds numbers. The vortex patterns, velocity vectors and particle path lines also conform to the experimental flow visualization pictures. Though the method is developed for a simple configuration like a circular cylinder, it can be easily extended to any general13; body shape