Schools and the legacy of hybrid buildings

Learning from the past, collecting data on the Italian condition of school buildings, our R&D work aimed to question the design process of school buildings in Italy introducing an innovative model of school, which turned the conventional and isolated, mono-functional and rigid school buildings into interior urban public spaces and porous community hubs to empower the communities around them and to become manifestos of sustainability. Through some built examples of school buildings designed in Italy, the paper discusses the outputs and impact of the introduction of new design layouts, participation projects with different stakeholders and sustainability. The research has guided the introduction of the new Italian guide-lines for school building design, approved in 2013. A future perspective to be explored is the reconsideration of exporting the strategy in different contexts and to design reconsider other public infrastructures turning the mono-functional use of public buildings into hybrid and multifunctional ones

An extended case study in planning in a human services agency : a history of human services of Morgan Memorial Goodwill Industries, Inc.

This work examines planning as a determinant in the history of the development of human services at Morgan Memorial Goodwill Industries, Inc. of Boston Massachusetts. The lives of the founding fathers are examined in some detail as are the social and economic times of the founding of the organization. The philosophical development of Morgan Memorial and that of Edgar James Helms as well as a synopsis of treatment of the poor from Judeo-Christian times is also related. Presented in some detail are the successes of the agency, its failures and opportunities lost throughout its 95 year history, against a tapestry of planning where evident. The work is a chronology of the founding, early life, maturing of the agency and concludes in its final chapter with the development of the wide array of present day services which have placed Morgan Memorial in a leadership position in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts among human services agencies. Research materials included the organization\u27s published annual reports, board of directors\u27 meeting minutes, autobiographical and collateral historic materials. Oral history from Rev. Henry E. Helms, Emil M. Hartl, Ph.D., and observations by this writer in more than twenty years with Morgan Memorial are also incorporated. It is expected that the reader will be convinced that planning in a human service agency is vital to its orderly growth and development

FROM WEAK FORM TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY

When talking about new architectural preferences, there is one key term to take into consideration: sustainable building. Understanding the dire conditions, the earth is facing, architects worldwide are focusing on applying new technologies to reach sustainability. Considering that Kosovo is taking the steps to international recognition, contemporary architecture will be an integral part of it. Even though, in Kosovo, countless buildings continue to appear without worrying about consequences. It is the place where everyone is an Architect as they continue to overbuild day by day stereotypes of buildings without a standard of living, by measuring the value of the architecture with quantity rather than quality. The perpetuation of such a phenomenon continues to have an impact on the inhabitants\u27 lives, meanwhile, the quality of life continues to decrease as the number of buildings grows. Considering this, the aim of this research is to reach a qualitative architectural design, which meets the needs of society. The methodology of this research uses a particular form of data gathering to reach the aim of the study. The study goes into three steps to reach the design; Problem overview, design problem, and design critic point. These three phases explain the data as well as the design process to the final product. Moreover, the researcher uses a circular approach to get a better reflection in two points of view. Firstly, using the quantity approach, it will get a wider viewpoint of society thoughts. After, by using qualitative approach the focus will take place in the site where the design will evolve. To analyze these data this research will use the comparative form. This application will compare the gained data and try to obtain the best results. Analysis of the responses shows that the quality of life isn’t at the right level. And this phenomenon may continue if there won\u27t be any drastic change. The main cases that reviewers were concern about were the density of large buildings, their quality, the absence of social areas and so on. ii The findings of this research show that new buildings in Kosovo have poor condition and residents living in these buildings by their responses show disappointment. Moreover, people hesitate to trust the development of new buildings and do not want to collaborate anymore. Considering their responses and requests collected by residents in “Muhaxhirët” neighborhood, the proposed design tries to meet their needs without degrading the environment

Cruising for krill - in the Southern Ocean with G.O. Sars

Also available in Norwegian: "Vill etter krill

Recycling Ships : Maritime Archaeology of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, Suomenlinna

The study site is the underwater seascape of the 18th-century fortress islands of Suomenlinna (Sveaborg) in the harbour of Helsinki, Finland. The site is located in the Gulf of Finland, in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea. The fortress has global significance as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This study had its origin in the insight that a ship's hull, while comprised of numerous individual artifacts, could be treated as one object from the viewpoint of archaeological research. From that premise, it followed that the study of the ship as an artefact can be continued through processes of reuse. This change in approach allowed evaluating the reuse of ships in a different way than the traditional concept of recycling, which involves demolishing and cannibalizing all the material of the vessel. This study states that the hull can also be recycled intact to serve the contemporary community. Accordingly, it is called recycling rather than simple reuse, since it involves a change in the function of the hull. The activities of different periods have left footprints in the underwater seascape, which create a basis for interpretations of a maritime cultural landscape. The author used maritime archaeological field methods to collect data throughout the 80-hectare water area around Suomenlinna. This archaeological record has not been analysed earlier. For this study, an interpretation tool was developed for unidentified shipwrecks, especially for data produced in surveys. The three primary aims of this study are raising awareness of the possibilities of maritime archaeological studies, broadening the concept of recycling, and increasing the appreciation of old and poorly preserved wrecks. In addition, this study reveals recycling processes undertaken on some of the first vessels of the Swedish Army Fleet, and the locations of the last wooden sailing warships of the Russian Baltic Fleet. Maritime archaeology should be challenged to apply its methods and perspectives to address contemporary global concerns and the well-being of our waters, as well as ourselves.Suomenlinnan meriarkeologiaa, laivojen kierrätyksestä Väitöskirjani käsittelee meriarkeologian menetelmin Suomenlinnan vedenalaista maisemaa ja erityisesti sen hylkyjä. Näitä puulaivojen jäännöksiä ei aikaisemmin ole tunnistettu, mutta kehittämällä uuden tulkintatyökalun sain selvitettyä niiden syntyhistoriaa. Tutkimuksissani paljastui, miten merkittävässä roolissa vanhat laivat, ja erityisesti niiden runkojen kierrätys, on ollut vedenalaisen kulttuurimaiseman muodostumisessa saarten ympärille. Suomenlinnan merilinnoitus sijaitsee Suomenlahdessa, aivan Helsingin edustalla. Linnoituksen sijaintipaikka valittiin huolellisesti puolustuksen näkökulmasta, ja merkittävä yksittäinen tekijä oli sopivan vesialueen löytyminen. Suomenlinna sopiikin erinomaisesti meriarkeologiseksi tutkimuskohteeksi. Suomen itsenäistymisen jälkeen alueen sotilaallinen merkitys pieneni, ja matkailullinen arvo nousi. Vuonna 1991 merilinnoitus liitettiin osaksi Unescon maailmanperintöluetteloa. Johdin Museoviraston tutkijana Suomenlinnan vesialueen inventointia (2008-2012). Inventointi muodosti pääasiallisen tutkimusaineistoni. Tutkimuskysymykseni mahdollistuivat, kun laajensin käsitystä laivojen kierrätyksestä. Kierrättäminen ei välttämättä tapahdu siten, että vanha alus hyödynnetään osina ja raaka-aineena, vaan myös aluksen runko voidaan nähdä yhtenä esineenä ja kierrättää se palvelemaan aikalaisyhteisöä. Tämä on uusi lähestymistapa meriarkeologisessa tutkimuksessa, jossa mielenkiinto on kohdistunut pääasiassa haaksirikkoutuneisiin aluksiin. Hylkyjen sijainnit eivät aina ole satunnaisia, vaan tietoisia päätöksiä, jotka heijastavat ihmisen suhdetta mereen ja vedenalaiseen maisemaan. Tutkimukseni alussa vedenalaisen maiseman luurankomaiset puulaivan jäännökset olivat kaikki ilman identiteettiä. Kehittämäni tulkintatyökalun avulla jaottelin hylyt kolmeen ryhmään: hylyt ovat päätyneet vedenalaiseen maisemaan joko onnettomuuden, hylkäämisen tai kierrätyksen kautta. Syvensin tutkimusta kierrätettyjen hylkyjen osalta, jolloin pystyin selvittämään useimpien laivojen biografiaa. Tutkimukseni paljasti Suomenlinnan vedenalaisessa maisemassa olevan jäännöksiä mm. Saaristolaivaston ensimmäisistä aluksista ja Venäjän Itämeren laivaston viimeisistä puisista purjelaivoista