BAYESIAN PREDICTION METHOD FOR SHADOW DETECTION AND RECONSTRUCTION IN HSR IMAGES USING MORPHOLOGICAL FILTER

Several approaches are exists today according to color, intensity and saturation value etc that are very less accurate. Within this paper, we advise alternative shadow recognition formula according to thresholding and morphological filtering, along with an alternate shadow renovation formula in line with the example learning method and Markov random field (MRF). The primary purpose of this project is recognition and renovation of shadows from VHSR images. Removing or alleviating the instants while using shadows in HSR images for more processing is an extremely important task because the shadows are induce to loss or miss conjecture of radiometric information and induce to image interpretation. Throughout the shadow recognition procedure, the bimodal distributions of pixel values within the near-infrared (NIR) band and also the panchromatic band are adopted for thresholding. Throughout the shadow renovation procedure, we model the connection between non shadow and also the corresponding shadow pixels and between neighboring no shadow pixels by using MRF. With extension for this paper we advise Bayesian conjecture way of accurate conjecture of shadow. Within this paper for accurate shadow recognition we combine thresholding and morphological filtering concepts. This shadow recognition includes Thresholding, Morphological filtering and edge compensation stages

BAYESIAN PREDICTION METHOD FOR SHADOW DETECTION AND RECONSTRUCTION IN HSR IMAGES USING MORPHOLOGICAL FILTER

Several approaches are exists today according to color, intensity and saturation value etc that are very less accurate. Within this paper, we advise alternative shadow recognition formula according to thresholding and morphological filtering, along with an alternate shadow renovation formula in line with the example learning method and Markov random field (MRF). The primary purpose of this project is recognition and renovation of shadows from VHSR images. Removing or alleviating the instants while using shadows in HSR images for more processing is an extremely important task because the shadows are induce to loss or miss conjecture of radiometric information and induce to image interpretation. Throughout the shadow recognition procedure, the bimodal distributions of pixel values within the near-infrared (NIR) band and also the panchromatic band are adopted for thresholding. Throughout the shadow renovation procedure, we model the connection between non shadow and also the corresponding shadow pixels and between neighboring no shadow pixels by using MRF. With extension for this paper we advise Bayesian conjecture way of accurate conjecture of shadow. Within this paper for accurate shadow recognition we combine thresholding and morphological filtering concepts. This shadow recognition includes Thresholding, Morphological filtering and edge compensation stages

Development of a vision-based situational awareness capability for unmanned surface vessels

The current generations of unmanned surface vessels (USVs) are reliant on the human operator for collision avoidance. This reliance poses a constraint on the operational envelope of the USV as it requires a high bandwidth and low latency communication link between the USV and control station. This thesis adopts a systems engineering approach in identifying the capability gap and the factors that drive the need for a USV with autonomous capability. An algorithm employing edge detection and morphological structuring methods is developed in this thesis to explore the feasibility of using a computer vision--based technique to provide a situational awareness capability, which is required to achieve autonomous navigation. The algorithm was tested with both color video imagery and infrared video imagery, and the results obtained from processing the images demonstrated the viability of using this information to provide situational awareness to the USV. It is recommended that further work be done to improve the robustness of the algorithm.http://archive.org/details/developmentofvis1094556185Civilian, Singapore Technologies Electronics LimitedApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Drone Shadow Tracking

Aerial videos taken by a drone not too far above the surface may contain the drone's shadow projected on the scene. This deteriorates the aesthetic quality of videos. With the presence of other shadows, shadow removal cannot be directly applied, and the shadow of the drone must be tracked. Tracking a drone's shadow in a video is, however, challenging. The varying size, shape, change of orientation and drone altitude pose difficulties. The shadow can also easily disappear over dark areas. However, a shadow has specific properties that can be leveraged, besides its geometric shape. In this paper, we incorporate knowledge of the shadow's physical properties, in the form of shadow detection masks, into a correlation-based tracking algorithm. We capture a test set of aerial videos taken with different settings and compare our results to those of a state-of-the-art tracking algorithm.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

What does a binary black hole merger look like?

We present a method of calculating the strong-field gravitational lensing caused by many analytic and numerical spacetimes. We use this procedure to calculate the distortion caused by isolated black holes and by numerically evolved black hole binaries. We produce both demonstrative images illustrating details of the spatial distortion and realistic images of collections of stars taking both lensing amplification and redshift into account. On large scales the lensing from inspiraling binaries resembles that of single black holes, but on small scales the resulting images show complex and in some cases self-similar structure across different angular scales.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figures. Supplementary images and movies can be found at http://www.black-holes.org/the-science-numerical-relativity/numerical-relativity/gravitational-lensin

A study to determine the optimum design of a photographic film for the lunar surface hand-held camera Final report

Design, and processing of photographic film for lunar surface hand operated camer

Enhancing Remote Sensing for Agriculture Using Small Unmanned Aerial Systems: San Diego, CA, as a Test Case

The development of small Global Positioning System (GPS) antennas and microprocessors has propelled the advancement of affordable Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (SUASs), which will dramatically expand the remote sensing field, making timely, high-resolution imagery readily available. The low cost and simple operation of SUASs makes them an attractive option for agriculture. Flying a SUAS 400 ft above ground level (AGL) in a flight path that allows for significant image overlap can yield sub- 5cm resolution imagery, which in turn can be mosaicked and used for multispectral imagery analysis. With results rivaling the most advanced commercial imaging sensors, SUASs can be used to identify stressed vegetation and aid in decision making that ultimately leads to more efficient farming practices and consistent yields. Furthermore, minimal operating costs promote reduced revisit times and enable persistent collection to monitor changes over time

Overcoming the Challenges Associated with Image-based Mapping of Small Bodies in Preparation for the OSIRIS-REx Mission to (101955) Bennu

The OSIRIS-REx Asteroid Sample Return Mission is the third mission in NASA's New Frontiers Program and is the first U.S. mission to return samples from an asteroid to Earth. The most important decision ahead of the OSIRIS-REx team is the selection of a prime sample-site on the surface of asteroid (101955) Bennu. Mission success hinges on identifying a site that is safe and has regolith that can readily be ingested by the spacecraft's sampling mechanism. To inform this mission-critical decision, the surface of Bennu is mapped using the OSIRIS-REx Camera Suite and the images are used to develop several foundational data products. Acquiring the necessary inputs to these data products requires observational strategies that are defined specifically to overcome the challenges associated with mapping a small irregular body. We present these strategies in the context of assessing candidate sample-sites at Bennu according to a framework of decisions regarding the relative safety, sampleability, and scientific value across the asteroid's surface. To create data products that aid these assessments, we describe the best practices developed by the OSIRIS-REx team for image-based mapping of irregular small bodies. We emphasize the importance of using 3D shape models and the ability to work in body-fixed rectangular coordinates when dealing with planetary surfaces that cannot be uniquely addressed by body-fixed latitude and longitude.Comment: 31 pages, 10 figures, 2 table

Are inner disc misalignments common? ALMA reveals an isotropic outer disc inclination distribution for young dipper stars

Dippers are a common class of young variable star exhibiting day-long dimmings with depths of up to several tens of per cent. A standard explanation is that dippers host nearly edge-on (id ≈ 70°) protoplanetary discs that allow close-in (10 au) disc resolved by ALMA and that inner disc misalignments may be common during the protoplanetary phase. More than one mechanism may contribute to the dipper phenomenon, including accretion-driven warps and ‘broken’ discs caused by inclined (sub-)stellar or planetary companions