4 research outputs found
Why Attention? Analyze BiLSTM Deficiency and Its Remedies in the Case of NER
BiLSTM has been prevalently used as a core module for NER in a
sequence-labeling setup. State-of-the-art approaches use BiLSTM with additional
resources such as gazetteers, language-modeling, or multi-task supervision to
further improve NER. This paper instead takes a step back and focuses on
analyzing problems of BiLSTM itself and how exactly self-attention can bring
improvements. We formally show the limitation of (CRF-)BiLSTM in modeling
cross-context patterns for each word -- the XOR limitation. Then, we show that
two types of simple cross-structures -- self-attention and Cross-BiLSTM -- can
effectively remedy the problem. We test the practical impacts of the deficiency
on real-world NER datasets, OntoNotes 5.0 and WNUT 2017, with clear and
consistent improvements over the baseline, up to 8.7% on some of the
multi-token entity mentions. We give in-depth analyses of the improvements
across several aspects of NER, especially the identification of multi-token
mentions. This study should lay a sound foundation for future improvements on
sequence-labeling NER. (Source codes:
https://github.com/jacobvsdanniel/cross-ner)Comment: In proceedings of AAAI 202
Named entity recognition for sensitive data discovery in Portuguese
The process of protecting sensitive data is continually growing and becoming increasingly
important, especially as a result of the directives and laws imposed by the European Union. The effort
to create automatic systems is continuous, but, in most cases, the processes behind them are still
manual or semi-automatic. In this work, we have developed a component that can extract and
classify sensitive data, from unstructured text information in European Portuguese. The objective
was to create a system that allows organizations to understand their data and comply with legal and
security purposes. We studied a hybrid approach to the problem of Named Entity Recognition for the
Portuguese language. This approach combines several techniques such as rule-based/lexical-based
models, machine learning algorithms, and neural networks. The rule-based and lexical-based
approaches were used only for a set of specific classes. For the remaining classes of entities, two
statistical models were tested—Conditional Random Fields and Random Forest and, finally, a
Bidirectional-LSTM approach as experimented. Regarding the statistical models, we realized that
Conditional Random Fields is the one that can obtain the best results, with a f1-score of 65.50%.
With the Bi-LSTM approach, we have achieved a result of 83.01%. The corpora used for training and
testing were HAREM Golden Collection, SIGARRA News Corpus, and DataSense NER Corpus.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Writing for Local Government Schools: Authors and Themes in Song-dynasty School Inscriptions
A hallmark of the Song dynasty\u27s achievements was the creation of a national network of state-sponsored local schools. This engendered an exponential growth of commemorative inscriptions dedicated to local government schools. Many authors used these inscriptions as an avenue to expound and disseminate their visions of schools and education. Using the methods of network analysis and document clustering, this article analyzes all the inscriptions extant from Song times for local government schools. It reveals a structural schism in the diffusion of ideas between the Upper Yangzi and other regions of the Song. It also demonstrates the growing intellectual influence of Neo-Confucian ideologues that gradually overtook that of renowned prose-writers. Methodologically, this article provides an example of how diverse digital methods enable us to handle a large body of texts from multiple perspectives and invite us to explore connections we might not have otherwise thought of. Free access link: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-chinese-history/article/writing-for-local-government-schools-authors-and-themes-in-songdynasty-school-inscriptions/8917993FA5EC53FC837961E6B929856F/share/eb301b0b72c9781fb464765a830a50b029453e6