16,915 research outputs found
CMS software and computing for LHC Run 2
The CMS offline software and computing system has successfully met the
challenge of LHC Run 2. In this presentation, we will discuss how the entire
system was improved in anticipation of increased trigger output rate, increased
rate of pileup interactions and the evolution of computing technology. The
primary goals behind these changes was to increase the flexibility of computing
facilities where ever possible, as to increase our operational efficiency, and
to decrease the computing resources needed to accomplish the primary offline
computing workflows. These changes have resulted in a new approach to
distributed computing in CMS for Run 2 and for the future as the LHC luminosity
should continue to increase. We will discuss changes and plans to our data
federation, which was one of the key changes towards a more flexible computing
model for Run 2. Our software framework and algorithms also underwent
significant changes. We will summarize the our experience with a new
multi-threaded framework as deployed on our prompt reconstruction farm for 2015
and across the CMS WLCG Tier-1 facilities. We will discuss our experience with
a analysis data format which is ten times smaller than our primary Run 1
format. This "miniAOD" format has proven to be easier to analyze while be
extremely flexible for analysts. Finally, we describe improvements to our
workflow management system that have resulted in increased automation and
reliability for all facets of CMS production and user analysis operations.Comment: Contribution to proceedings of the 38th International Conference on
High Energy Physics (ICHEP 2016
Understanding smart contracts as a new option in transaction cost economics
Among different concepts associated with the term blockchain, smart contracts have been a prominent one, especially popularized by the Ethereum platform. In this study, we unpack this concept within the framework of Transaction Cost Economics (TCE). This institutional economics theory emphasizes the role of distinctive (private and public) contract law regimes in shaping firm boundaries. We propose that widespread adoption of the smart contract concept creates a new option in public contracting, which may give rise to a smart-contract-augmented contract law regime. We discuss tradeoffs involved in the attractiveness of the smart contract concept for firms and the resulting potential for change in firm boundaries. Based on our new conceptualization, we discuss potential roles the three branches of government â judicial, executive, and legislative â in enabling and using this new contract law regime. We conclude the paper by pointing out limitations of the TCE perspective and suggesting future research directions
Efficient ICT for efficient smart grids
In this extended abstract the need for efficient and reliable ICT is discussed. Efficiency of ICT not only deals with energy-efficient ICT hardware, but also deals with efficient algorithms, efficient design methods, efficient networking infrastructures, etc. Efficient and reliable ICT is a prerequisite for efficient Smart Grids. Unfortunately, efficiency and reliability have not always received the proper attention in the ICT domain in the past
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