Game theory based Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol to Extend the Wireless Sensor Networks Life Time

This paper proposes a solution to increase the energy life time of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) via a concept of game theory enabled ad-hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing algorithm. Game theory is an optimal promising candidate for decision making in a wireless networking scenario to find the optimal path for data packets transfer between source node and destination node, where combination with the AODV routing algorithm, a procedure of game theory enabled AODV (GTEAODV) is developed and proposed in this research paper. The developed and proposed methodology is validated through simulation in NS2 environment and the results show an improvement in energy life time of the order of 30-35% in comparison to the existing routing methodology which uses co-operative routing techniques among the nodes in WSN. Further, the throughput of game theory enabled adhoc on demand routing is also highly improved in comparison to existing traditional approaches though obtained results. Though, game theory approach is an existing approach concatenation of it with AODV can provide increased network performance which is significant as portrayed in research results shown in the paper. Hence, by virtue of providing enhanced energy life time and data security through the nature of the algorithm, the proposed GTEAODV algorithm can be employed in defence applications for secure data transmission and reception for forthcoming deployment of 5G systems which are blossoming in world wide scenario

Trade-Offs between Energy Saving and Reliability in Low Duty Cycle Wireless Sensor Networks Using a Packet Splitting Forwarding Technique

One of the challenging topics and design constraints in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is the reduction of energy consumption because, in most application scenarios, replacement of power resources in sensor devices might be unfeasible. In order to minimize the power consumption, some nodes can be put to sleep during idle times and wake up only when needed. Although it seems the best way to limit the consumption of energy, other performance parameters such as network reliability have to be considered. In a recent paper, we introduced a new forwarding algorithm for WSNs based on a simple splitting procedure able to increase the network lifetime. The forwarding technique is based on the Chinese Remainder Theorem and exhibits very good results in terms of energy efficiency and complexity. In this paper, we intend to investigate a trade-off between energy efficiency and reliability of the proposed forwarding scheme when duty-cycling techniques are considered too

SERENA: an energy-efficient strategy to schedule nodes activity in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks

In wireless ad hoc and sensor networks, an analysis of the node energy consumption distribution shows that the largest part is due to the time spent in the idle state. This result is at the origin of SERENA, an algorithm to SchEdule RoutEr Nodes Activity. SERENA allows router nodes to sleep, while ensuring end-to-end communication in the wireless network. It is a localized and decentralized algorithm assigning time slots to nodes. Any node stays awake only during its slots and the slots assigned to its neighbors, it sleeps the remaining time. SERENA is based on distributed and localized two-hop coloring. The node's color is then mapped in time slot. Thus, each node is ensured to get at least one time slot, it also gets additional time slots proportionally to its traffic rate. Such a solution adapts to varying traffic rates and supports late node arrivals. A performance evaluation allows us to compare SERENA coloring algorithm with existing ones such as DLF, both in terms of number of colors and complexity. Simulation results show that SERENA enables us to maximize network lifetime while increasing the number of user messages delivered. We quantify the slot reuse and evaluate the impact of the frame size on network performance. We then study how to dimension buffers at the router nodes. Finally, we show how SERENA improves the node energy consumption distribution and maximizes the energy efficiency of wireless ad hoc and sensor networks

Distributed MIMO for wireless sensor networks

Over the past decade, wireless sensor networks have gained more research attention for their potential applications in healthcare, defense, environmental monitoring, etc. Due to the strict energy limitation in the sensor node, techniques used for energy saving are necessary for this kind of network. MIMO technology is proven to be an effective method of increasing the channel capacity and supporting higher data rate under a fixed power budget and bit-error-rate requirement. So, wireless sensor networks and MIMO technology are combined and investigated in this thesis. The key contributions of this thesis are detailed below. Firstly, the extended total energy consumption equations for different transmission modes in cluster-based wireless sensor networks are derived. The transmitting energy consumption and the circuit energy consumption are taken into account in both intra-cluster and inter-cluster phases respectively. Secondly, a resource allocation framework is proposed for cluster-based cooperative MIMO on consideration of circuit energy. By introducing two adjusting parameters for the transmitting energy and the time slot allocation between intra-cluster and inter-cluster phases, this framework is designed to achieve the maximum data throughput of the whole system whilst maintaining the capacity and outage probability requirement in these two phases respectively. Thirdly, on comparison of various transmission modes in wireless sensor networks, a relatively energy-efficient mode switching framework is proposed for both single-hop and multi-hop transmissions. Based on the destination and the neighboring nodes’ path-loss, the source node can decide which transmission mode, SISO or cooperative MISO, single-hop or multi-hop, should be chosen. Conditions for each mode switching are investigated. The possible existing area of the cooperative nodes and the relaying nodes can be obtained from this framework

Narrowband IoT: from the end device to the cloud. An experimental end-to-end study

This thesis is about a novel study and experimentation of a Cloud IoT application, communicating over a NB-IoT Italian network. So far there no been presented studies, which are about the interactions between the NB-IoT network and the cloud. This thesis not only fill this gap but also shows the use of Cognitive Services to interact, through the human voice, with the IoT application. Compared with other types of mobile networks, NB-IoT is the best choice

Wireless multimedia sensor networks, security and key management

Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) have emerged and shifted the focus from the typical scalar wireless sensor networks to networks with multimedia devices that are capable to retrieve video, audio, images, as well as scalar sensor data. WMSNs are able to deliver multimedia content due to the availability of inexpensive CMOS cameras and microphones coupled with the significant progress in distributed signal processing and multimedia source coding techniques. These mentioned characteristics, challenges, and requirements of designing WMSNs open many research issues and future research directions to develop protocols, algorithms, architectures, devices, and testbeds to maximize the network lifetime while satisfying the quality of service requirements of the various applications. In this thesis dissertation, we outline the design challenges of WMSNs and we give a comprehensive discussion of the proposed architectures and protocols for the different layers of the communication protocol stack for WMSNs along with their open research issues. Also, we conduct a comparison among the existing WMSN hardware and testbeds based on their specifications and features along with complete classification based on their functionalities and capabilities. In addition, we introduce our complete classification for content security and contextual privacy in WSNs. Our focus in this field, after conducting a complete survey in WMSNs and event privacy in sensor networks, and earning the necessary knowledge of programming sensor motes such as Micaz and Stargate and running simulation using NS2, is to design suitable protocols meet the challenging requirements of WMSNs targeting especially the routing and MAC layers, secure the wirelessly exchange of data against external attacks using proper security algorithms: key management and secure routing, defend the network from internal attacks by using a light-weight intrusion detection technique, protect the contextual information from being leaked to unauthorized parties by adapting an event unobservability scheme, and evaluate the performance efficiency and energy consumption of employing the security algorithms over WMSNs

QoE-Centric Control and Management of Multimedia Services in Software Defined and Virtualized Networks

Multimedia services consumption has increased tremendously since the deployment of 4G/LTE networks. Mobile video services (e.g., YouTube and Mobile TV) on smart devices are expected to continue to grow with the emergence and evolution of future networks such as 5G. The end user’s demand for services with better quality from service providers has triggered a trend towards Quality of Experience (QoE) - centric network management through efficient utilization of network resources. However, existing network technologies are either unable to adapt to diverse changing network conditions or limited in available resources. This has posed challenges to service providers for provisioning of QoE-centric multimedia services. New networking solutions such as Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) can provide better solutions in terms of QoE control and management of multimedia services in emerging and future networks. The features of SDN, such as adaptability, programmability and cost-effectiveness make it suitable for bandwidth-intensive multimedia applications such as live video streaming, 3D/HD video and video gaming. However, the delivery of multimedia services over SDN/NFV networks to achieve optimized QoE, and the overall QoE-centric network resource management remain an open question especially in the advent development of future softwarized networks. The work in this thesis intends to investigate, design and develop novel approaches for QoE-centric control and management of multimedia services (with a focus on video streaming services) over software defined and virtualized networks. First, a video quality management scheme based on the traffic intensity under Dynamic Adaptive Video Streaming over HTTP (DASH) using SDN is developed. The proposed scheme can mitigate virtual port queue congestion which may cause buffering or stalling events during video streaming, thus, reducing the video quality. A QoE-driven resource allocation mechanism is designed and developed for improving the end user’s QoE for video streaming services. The aim of this approach is to find the best combination of network node functions that can provide an optimized QoE level to end-users through network node cooperation. Furthermore, a novel QoE-centric management scheme is proposed and developed, which utilizes Multipath TCP (MPTCP) and Segment Routing (SR) to enhance QoE for video streaming services over SDN/NFV-based networks. The goal of this strategy is to enable service providers to route network traffic through multiple disjointed bandwidth-satisfying paths and meet specific service QoE guarantees to the end-users. Extensive experiments demonstrated that the proposed schemes in this work improve the video quality significantly compared with the state-of-the- art approaches. The thesis further proposes the path protections and link failure-free MPTCP/SR-based architecture that increases survivability, resilience, availability and robustness of future networks. The proposed path protection and dynamic link recovery scheme achieves a minimum time to recover from a failed link and avoids link congestion in softwarized networks

Telecommunications Networks

This book guides readers through the basics of rapidly emerging networks to more advanced concepts and future expectations of Telecommunications Networks. It identifies and examines the most pressing research issues in Telecommunications and it contains chapters written by leading researchers, academics and industry professionals. Telecommunications Networks - Current Status and Future Trends covers surveys of recent publications that investigate key areas of interest such as: IMS, eTOM, 3G/4G, optimization problems, modeling, simulation, quality of service, etc. This book, that is suitable for both PhD and master students, is organized into six sections: New Generation Networks, Quality of Services, Sensor Networks, Telecommunications, Traffic Engineering and Routing

U2RV: UAV-assisted reactive routing protocol for VANETs

When it comes to keeping the data routing robust and effective in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), stable and durable connectivity constitutes the keystone to ensure successful point-to-point communication. Since VANETs can comprise all kinds of mobile vehicles moving and changing direction frequently, this may result in frequent link failures and network partitions. Moreover, when VANETs are deployed in a city environment, another problem arises, that is, the existing obstructions (e.g., buildings, trees, hoppers, etc.) preventing the line-of-sight between vehicles, thus degrading wireless transmissions. Therefore, it is more complicated to design a routing technique that adapts to frequent changes in the topology. In order to settle all these problems, in this work, we design a flooding scheme that automatically reacts at each topology variation while overcoming the present obstacles while exchanging data in ad hoc mode with drones that are commonly called Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Also, the aim of this work is to explore well-regulated routing paths providing a long lifetime connectivity based on the amount of traffic and the expiration time of each discovered path, respectively. A set of experiments is carried out using simulation, and the outcomes are confronted with similar protocols based on a couple of metrics. The results clearly show that the assistance of UAVs to vehicles is capable to provide high delivery ratios and low delivery delays while efficiently extending the network connectivity