The Ward Identity from the Background Field Dependence of the Effective Action

The dependence of the effective action for gauge theories on the background field obeys an exact identity. We argue that for Abelian theories the Ward identity follows from the more general background field identity. This observation is particularly relevant for the anomalous Ward identity valid for gauge theories with an effective infrared cutoff as used for flow equations.Comment: 8 page

The Paradox of Dynamic Corporate Identity

Dynamic Corporate Identity has brought the new perspective of designing a brand identity. Dynamic Corpo- rate identity is a system that applying the latest technology to create a flexible logo as the result the logo will constantly can change in color, pattern or shape. It is believed as the new way to create a living brand. However the new approach may not suitable for several types of businesses or identities. This research aimed to understand; what improvement that dynamic identity could do to make brand more alive. By collecting qualitative data, and some relevant literature this study has found that there is a paradox in dynamic identity system. Keywords Corporate Identity, Dyanmic Identity, Logo Desig

Syntactic identity, Parallelism and accommodated antecedents

Analyses of the ellipsis identity condition must account for the fact that some syntactic mismatches between an ellipsis site E and its antecedent A are possible while others are not. Previous accounts have suggested that the relevant distinction is between different kinds of heads, such that some heads in the ellipsis site may mismatch while others may not, and they have dealt with this sensitivity to a set of “special heads” with a built-for-purpose syntactic identity condition which holds over and above semantic identity to constrain ellipsis. In this article I argue against this approach and pursue an alternative which holds that identity is syntactic but “loose” in a precisely defined way. I show that the relevant generalization that accounts for syntactic identity effects in sluicing and VP-ellipsis-like constructions concerns the position of variables in the antecedent, rather than the feature content of syntactic heads. I propose an implementation of syntactic identity which allows for the accommodation of additional antecedents, with these being derived by a grammatical algorithm for generating alternatives, and I show that this implementation derives the right kinds of looseness while restricting mismatches with respect to the position of variables, thus deriving both the tolerable and intolerable mismatches between E and A without recourse to a specific condition regulating the content of special heads

Who is that? Brain networks and mechanisms for identifying individuals

Social animals can identify conspecifics by many forms of sensory input. However, whether the neuronal computations that support this ability to identify individuals rely on modality-independent convergence or involve ongoing synergistic interactions along the multiple sensory streams remains controversial. Direct neuronal measurements at relevant brain sites could address such questions, but this requires better bridging the work in humans and animal models. Here, we overview recent studies in nonhuman primates on voice and face identity-sensitive pathways and evaluate the correspondences to relevant findings in humans. This synthesis provides insights into converging sensory streams in the primate anterior temporal lobe (ATL) for identity processing. Furthermore, we advance a model and suggest how alternative neuronal mechanisms could be tested

Refined Cauchy/Littlewood identities and six-vertex model partition functions: II. Proofs and new conjectures

We prove two identities of Hall-Littlewood polynomials, which appeared recently in a paper by two of the authors. We also conjecture, and in some cases prove, new identities which relate infinite sums of symmetric polynomials and partition functions associated with symmetry classes of alternating sign matrices. These identities generalize those already found in our earlier paper, via the introduction of additional parameters. The left hand side of each of our identities is a simple refinement of a relevant Cauchy or Littlewood identity. The right hand side of each identity is (one of the two factors present in) the partition function of the six-vertex model on a relevant domain.Comment: 34 pages, 14 figure

Large Gauge Ward Identity

We study the question of the Ward identity for "large" gauge invariance in 0+1 dimensional theories. We derive the relevant Ward identities for a single flavor fermion and a single flavor complex scalar field interacting with an Abelian gauge field. These identities are nonlinear. The Ward identity for any other complicated theory can be derived from these basic sets of identities. However, the structure of the Ward identity changes since these are nonlinear identities. In particular, we work out the "large" gauge Ward identity for a supersymmetric theory involving a single flavor of fermion as well as a complex scalar field. Contrary to the effective action for the individual theories, the solution of the Ward identity in the supersymmetric theory involves an infinity of Fourier component modes. We comment on which features of this analysis are likely/unlikely to generalize to the 2+1 dimensional theory.Comment: 13page

Chern class identities from tadpole matching in type IIB and F-theory

In light of Sen's weak coupling limit of F-theory as a type IIB orientifold, the compatibility of the tadpole conditions leads to a non-trivial identity relating the Euler characteristics of an elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau fourfold and of certain related surfaces. We present the physical argument leading to the identity, and a mathematical derivation of a Chern class identity which confirms it, after taking into account singularities of the relevant loci. This identity of Chern classes holds in arbitrary dimension, and for varieties that are not necessarily Calabi-Yau. Singularities are essential in both the physics and the mathematics arguments: the tadpole relation may be interpreted as an identity involving stringy invariants of a singular hypersurface, and corrections for the presence of pinch-points. The mathematical discussion is streamlined by the use of Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson classes of singular varieties. We also show how the main identity may be obtained by applying `Verdier specialization' to suitable constructible functions.Comment: 26 pages, 1 figure, references added, typos correcte