Integration of UAVS with Real Time Operating Systems and Establishing a Secure Data Transmission

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)In today’s world, the applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) systems are leaping by extending their scope from military applications on to commercial and medical sectors as well. Owing to this commercialization, the need to append external hardware with UAV systems becomes inevitable. This external hardware could aid in enabling wireless data transfer between the UAV system and remote Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) using low powered architecture like Thread, BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy). The data is being transmitted from the flight controller to the ground control station using a MAVlink (Micro Air Vehicle Link) protocol. But this radio transmission method is not secure, which may lead to data leakage problems. The ideal aim of this research is to address the issues of integrating different hardware with the flight controller of the UAV system using a light-weight protocol called UAVCAN (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Controller Area Network). This would result in reduced wiring and would harness the problem of integrating multiple systems to UAV. At the same time, data security is addressed by deploying an encryption chip into the UAV system to encrypt the data transfer using ECC (Elliptic curve cryptography) and transmitting it to cloud platforms instead of radio transmission

A privacy preserving framework for cyber-physical systems and its integration in real world applications

A cyber-physical system (CPS) comprises of a network of processing and communication capable sensors and actuators that are pervasively embedded in the physical world. These intelligent computing elements achieve the tight combination and coordination between the logic processing and physical resources. It is envisioned that CPS will have great economic and societal impact, and alter the qualify of life like what Internet has done. This dissertation focuses on the privacy issues in current and future CPS applications. as thousands of the intelligent devices are deeply embedded in human societies, the system operations may potentially disclose the sensitive information if no privacy preserving mechanism is designed. This dissertation identifies data privacy and location privacy as the representatives to investigate the privacy problems in CPS. The data content privacy infringement occurs if the adversary can determine or partially determine the meaning of the transmitted data or the data stored in the storage. The location privacy, on the other hand, is the secrecy that a certain sensed object is associated to a specific location, the disclosure of which may endanger the sensed object. The location privacy may be compromised by the adversary through hop-by-hop traceback along the reverse direction of the message routing path. This dissertation proposes a public key based access control scheme to protect the data content privacy. Recent advances in efficient public key schemes, such as ECC, have already shown the feasibility to use public key schemes on low power devices including sensor motes. In this dissertation, an efficient public key security primitives, WM-ECC, has been implemented for TelosB and MICAz, the two major hardware platform in current sensor networks. WM-ECC achieves the best performance among the academic implementations. Based on WM-ECC, this dissertation has designed various security schemes, including pairwise key establishment, user access control and false data filtering mechanism, to protect the data content privacy. The experiments presented in this dissertation have shown that the proposed schemes are practical for real world applications. to protect the location privacy, this dissertation has considered two adversary models. For the first model in which an adversary has limited radio detection capability, the privacy-aware routing schemes are designed to slow down the adversary\u27s traceback progress. Through theoretical analysis, this dissertation shows how to maximize the adversary\u27s traceback time given a power consumption budget for message routing. Based on the theoretical results, this dissertation also proposes a simple and practical weighted random stride (WRS) routing scheme. The second model assumes a more powerful adversary that is able to monitor all radio communications in the network. This dissertation proposes a random schedule scheme in which each node transmits at a certain time slot in a period so that the adversary would not be able to profile the difference in communication patterns among all the nodes. Finally, this dissertation integrates the proposed privacy preserving framework into Snoogle, a sensor nodes based search engine for the physical world. Snoogle allows people to search for the physical objects in their vicinity. The previously proposed privacy preserving schemes are applied in the application to achieve the flexible and resilient privacy preserving capabilities. In addition to security and privacy, Snoogle also incorporates a number of energy saving and communication compression techniques that are carefully designed for systems composed of low-cost, low-power embedded devices. The evaluation study comprises of the real world experiments on a prototype Snoogle system and the scalability simulations

Demystifying Internet of Things Security

Break down the misconceptions of the Internet of Things by examining the different security building blocks available in Intel Architecture (IA) based IoT platforms. This open access book reviews the threat pyramid, secure boot, chain of trust, and the SW stack leading up to defense-in-depth. The IoT presents unique challenges in implementing security and Intel has both CPU and Isolated Security Engine capabilities to simplify it. This book explores the challenges to secure these devices to make them immune to different threats originating from within and outside the network. The requirements and robustness rules to protect the assets vary greatly and there is no single blanket solution approach to implement security. Demystifying Internet of Things Security provides clarity to industry professionals and provides and overview of different security solutions What You'll Learn Secure devices, immunizing them against different threats originating from inside and outside the network Gather an overview of the different security building blocks available in Intel Architecture (IA) based IoT platforms Understand the threat pyramid, secure boot, chain of trust, and the software stack leading up to defense-in-depth Who This Book Is For Strategists, developers, architects, and managers in the embedded and Internet of Things (IoT) space trying to understand and implement the security in the IoT devices/platforms

Holistic security 4.0

The future computer climate will represent an ever more aligned world of integrating technologies, affecting consumer, business and industry sectors. The vision was first outlined in the Industry 4.0 conception. The elements which comprise smart systems or embedded devices have been investigated to determine the technological climate. The emerging technologies revolve around core concepts, and specifically in this project, the uses of Internet of Things (IoT), Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Internet of Everything (IoE). The application of bare metal and logical technology qualities are put under the microscope to provide an effective blue print of the technological field. The systems and governance surrounding smart systems are also examined. Such an approach helps to explain the beneficial or negative elements of smart devices. Consequently, this ensures a comprehensive review of standards, laws, policy and guidance to enable security and cybersecurity of the 4.0 systems

Internet of Things From Hype to Reality

The Internet of Things (IoT) has gained significant mindshare, let alone attention, in academia and the industry especially over the past few years. The reasons behind this interest are the potential capabilities that IoT promises to offer. On the personal level, it paints a picture of a future world where all the things in our ambient environment are connected to the Internet and seamlessly communicate with each other to operate intelligently. The ultimate goal is to enable objects around us to efficiently sense our surroundings, inexpensively communicate, and ultimately create a better environment for us: one where everyday objects act based on what we need and like without explicit instructions

Practical implementation and performance analysis on security of sensor networks

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a network made of thousands of sensing elements called as nodes with wireless capabilities. Their application is varied and diverse ranging from military to domestic and household. As the world of self-organizing sensor networks tip to the edge of maximum utilization, their wider deployment is adding pressure on the security front. Powerful laptops and workstations make it more challenging for small sensors. In addition, there are many security challenges in WSN, e.g- confidentiality, authentication, freshness, integrity etc. Contributions of this work are as follows: “Symmetric” security implementation: This thesis work designs a symmetric-key based security in sensor hardware in the Link layer of sensor network protocols. Link Layer security can protect a wireless network by denying access to the network itself before a user is successfully authenticated. This prevents attacks against the network infrastructure and protects the network from devastating attacks. “Public key” implementation in sensor hardware: Asymmetric key techniques are attractive for authentication data or session keys. Traditional schemes like RSA require considerable amounts of resources which in the past has limited their use. This thesis has implemented Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) in Mica2 hardware, which is an approach to public-key cryptography based on the mathematics of elliptic curves. Quantitative overhead analysis: This thesis work analyzes the wireless communication overhead (No. of packets transmitted) vs the (transmit and receive) energy consumed in mJoules and memory storage overhead (bytes) for ECC as compared to the symmetric counterpart for the implemented WSN security protocols

Evolving Bitcoin Custody

The broad topic of this thesis is the design and analysis of Bitcoin custody systems. Both the technology and threat landscape are evolving constantly. Therefore, custody systems, defence strategies, and risk models should be adaptive too. We introduce Bitcoin custody by describing the different types, design principles, phases and functions of custody systems. We review the technology stack of these systems and focus on the fundamentals; key-management and privacy. We present a perspective we call the systems view. It is an attempt to capture the full complexity of a custody system, including technology, people, and processes. We review existing custody systems and standards. We explore Bitcoin covenants. This is a mechanism to enforce constraints on transaction sequences. Although previous work has proposed how to construct and apply Bitcoin covenants, these require modifying the consensus rules of Bitcoin, a notoriously difficult task. We introduce the first detailed exposition and security analysis of a deleted-key covenant protocol, which is compatible with current consensus rules. We demonstrate a range of security models for deleted-key covenants which seem practical, in particular, when applied in autonomous (user-controlled) custody systems. We conclude with a comparative analysis with previous proposals. Covenants are often proclaimed to be an important primitive for custody systems, but no complete design has been proposed to validate that claim. To address this, we propose an autonomous custody system called Ajolote which uses deleted-key covenants to enforce a vault sequence. We evaluate Ajolote with; a model of its state dynamics, a privacy analysis, and a risk model. We propose a threat model for custody systems which captures a realistic attacker for a system with offline devices and user-verification. We perform ceremony analysis to construct the risk model.Comment: PhD thesi