1,086 research outputs found

    An Online Social Network model through Twitter to build a social perception variable to measure the violence in Mexico

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    This paper describes the methodology and the model that used in Twitter to create an indicator that allows us to denote a social perception about violence, a topic of high impact in Mexico. We investigated and validated the keywords that Mexicans used related to this topic, in a specific time-lapse defined by the researchers. We implemented two analysis levels, the first one relative to the sum of tweets, and the second one with a rate of total tweets per 100,000 inhabitanThis paper describes the methodology and the model that used in Twitter to create an indicator that allows us to denote a social perception about violence, a topic of high impact in Mexico. We investigated and validated the keywords that Mexicans used related to this topic, in a specific time-lapse defined by the researchers. We implemented two analysis levels, the first one relative to the sum of tweets, and the second one with a rate of total tweets per 100,000 inhabita

    Estimating the spatial distribution of crime events around a football stadium from georeferenced tweets

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    Crowd-based events, such as football matches, are considered generators of crime. Criminological research on the influence of football matches has consistently uncovered differences in spatial crime patterns, particularly in the areas around stadia. At the same time, social media data mining research on football matches shows a high volume of data created during football events. This study seeks to build on these two research streams by exploring the spatial relationship between crime events and nearby Twitter activity around a football stadium, and estimating the possible influence of tweets for explaining the presence or absence of crime in the area around a football stadium on match days. Aggregated hourly crime data and geotagged tweets for the same area around the stadium are analysed using exploratory and inferential methods. Spatial clustering, spatial statistics, text mining as well as a hurdle negative binomial logistic regression for spatiotemporal explanations are utilized in our analysis. Findings indicate a statistically significant spatial relationship between three crime types (criminal damage, theft and handling, and violence against the person) and tweet patterns, and that such a relationship can be used to explain future incidents of crime

    Waves of Extremism: An Applied Ethnographic Analysis of the Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Terraces

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    This article offers an overview of a four-month research project, conducted in 2019/2020, which studied extremism in the Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) football terraces. This work was funded by the International Organisation for Migration - United Nations and by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The research focused on risk factors and how these may govern the “entry” of BiH youth into extreme hard-core football fans groups (Ultras1) and prolong their involvement in them. The study highlighted the nature of these groups and their activity providing detailed recommendations for BiH policymakers, security agencies, and football federations and clubs who wish to understand and effectively respond to this emergent threat for public security in BiH

    Inventor Business Card: Prof. Naila Rabbani

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    The launch of "Qatar University Research Magazine" marks the university's numerous achievements in the field of scientific research. It will also serve as a platform to highlight all our research related initiatives and activities carried out by the various research centers and colleges within the university

    Measuring the negative externalities of a private leisure activity: hooligans and pickpockets around the stadium [WP]

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    Given the recent increase observed in crime and violence related to sport activities and the subsequent need for governments to devote more resources to deter this pattern, this article presents empirical evidence that could justify the possibility of taxing the negative externalities associated with the staging of football matches. Focusing specifically on theft (mainly pick pocketing) and assault (interpersonal violence or hooliganism), we seek to determine the extent to which this private leisure activity is responsible for negative crime externalities on a urban context. Drawing on data for the matches played by Football Club Barcelona (FCB) and geocoded crime data for the city of Barcelona (Spain), we assess whether there is an increase in thefts and assaults across the city of Barcelona. Then, conducting an Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) and a spatial regression at the census tract level, we determine the effect of football matches on crime by comparing crime rates during home and away matches. We find an increase in the number of thefts across the whole city but, especially, in those census tracts within a 700-meter radius of the stadium, indicating that despite the increase in the number of police officers on duty in the vicinity of the stadium, potential offenders are attracted to crowds where rewards are likely to be higher and the probability of being apprehended lower. These results are confirmed by the relatively low number of crimes committed during away matches in the census tracts around the stadium. A similar spatial pattern is found for assaults, although the overall impact across the city is not significant. Our results, therefore, provide evidence of a displacement effect of violent supporters (hooligans) towards the census tracts closest to the FCB stadium on football days

    Football and Nation Building in Colombia (2010-2018)

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    This book explores the pivotal role that football played as part of Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos’ national unity project centred on the peace process with the FARC. Football has huge political and social capital in Latin America, and has often been rhetorically deployed by governments for various ends; rarely, however, has football’s power and potential been used in such a deliberate, strategic and active way towards a national peace process and targeted such enduring divisions that have historically impeded a sense of a united nation and national identity. Football in Colombia is understood popularly as one of the few things capable of uniting the country, a belief that Santos seized upon as the national team had a successful campaign in the 2014 World Cup. This first book on Colombian football in English explores previous iterations of football nationalism in the country, including the El Dorado and ‘Narcofootball’ eras, before analysing Santos’ three-pronged strategy empowering professional and amateur football, including the use of political speeches and Twitter, legislation and public policy, and Sport for Development and Peace campaigns, with a particular focus on football in the FARC demobilisation and reincorporation camps following the historic peace agreement

    Exploring the relationship between international Twitter campaigns and domestic women’s rights

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    This thesis sets out to empirically examine the relationship between international campaigns which originate in and continue to be driven by Twitter and domestic women’s rights. The study looks at eight campaigns targeting seven countries, with over 1 million Tweets and 1500 pieces of legal evidence. The study looks at four aspects of legal change: legislation, institutionalisation, law enforcement, and dialogue with international human rights bodies. The campaigns are explored in four areas as well, looking at persistence, users, engagement, and Tweet content. The study sets out to provide evidence for whether hashtag campaigns can contribute to domestic legal change, and, if so, if certain campaign behaviours are more associated with change and in what way. Overall, this study has found that hashtag campaigns can contribute towards domestic legal change, both positively and negatively. Two campaigns resulted in backsliding, three had no impact, two led to tactical concessions, and one campaign showed some elements of tentative success. Campaigns which are domestically driven, with a high level of foreign-attention, showing persistence, engagement, and consistency are more likely to see to positive legal outcomes. Conversely, campaigns which lack in domestic drive, can be seen as ‘foreign meddling’, and fail to achieve persistence, engagement, or consistency are more likely to see to negative outcomes

    Mining and correlating traffic events from human sensor observations with official transport data using self-organizing-maps

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    Cities are complex systems, where related Human activities are increasingly difficult to explore within. In order to understand urban processes and to gain deeper knowledge about cities, the potential of location-based social networks like Twitter could be used a promising example to explore latent relationships of underlying mobility patterns. In this paper, we therefore present an approach using a geographic self-organizing map (Geo-SOM) to uncover and compare previously unseen patterns from social media and authoritative data. The results, which we validated with Live Traffic Disruption (TIMS) feeds from Transport for London, show that the observed geospatial and temporal patterns between special events (r = 0.73), traffic incidents (r = 0.59) and hazard disruptions (r = 0.41) from TIMS, are strongly correlated with traffic-related, georeferenced tweets. Hence, we conclude that tweets can be used as a proxy indicator to detect collective mobility events and may help to provide stakeholders and decision makers with complementary information on complex mobility processes

    Media’s influence on the 21st century society: A global criminological systematic review

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    This investigation assumes that the media can reduce or spread criminal activities and tendencies based on how the concerned parties apply the policies and community standards that guide these platforms’ use. In total, 254 materials were gathered across several search systems between October 2021 and September 2022. Qualitative data were used from the selected materials to synthesise and summarise the content on the examined 21st-century events and media’s influence on crime. It is not possible to reject the premise that the media influences opinions on crime and the legal system. Nevertheless, the data reveals that no causal media effect can be directly established. However, the same data uncovers how media portrays an activity affects how people perceive it. Advances in technology, media, and criminology may have affected the analysis of records, including the time and quality of resources. More accurate and fair media coverage of crime would lead to a more informed and aware population. On the other hand, media houses that promote and reward good behaviour should be applauded. These two steps ensure the media cannot be ignored when assessing crime and how the public perceives it, as it can encourage crime and shift perceptions. Therefore, further research, stricter laws and policies, and community education on crime prevention and media screening are needed. The fact that unfavourable media coverage of crime can ruin a business, either directly or indirectly (consumer behaviour changes due to crime), makes this paper of utmost importance for businessmen, politicians, and local agencies.Esta dissertação presume que os media podem ser utilizados para reduzir ou difundir atividades ou tendências criminosas, dependendo da aplicação de políticas e padrões comunitários que influenciam tais plataformas. Foram utilizados 254 materiais reunidos em diversos sistemas de pesquisa entre outubro de 2021 e setembro de 2022. Estes compreendem publicações do século XXI que examinam a influência dos media nas práticas criminais e suas perceções. Apesar deste estudo não possibilitar estabelecer uma relação causal, não é, ainda assim, possível rejeitar a premissa de que os media influenciam as perceções face ao crime. Determina, contudo, que o modo como os media divulgam uma atividade afeta a perceção social face à mesma. Uma população mais informada e consciente depende de uma cobertura mediática mais fatual. Os media que promovem e recompensam o bom comportamento devem ser louvados. Os media não podem ser ignorados na avaliação do crime e da sua perceção, tendo o poder de incentivar a criminalidade e potenciar alterações nas perceções sociais. Consequentemente, é necessário investigar mais, aplicar leis e políticas mais rigorosas, e investir em programas de educação comunitária de prevenção à criminalidade e interpretação dos media. Esta dissertação é de elevada importância a empresários, políticos e outros órgãos locais, pelo fato de a cobertura desfavorável do crime pelos media poder arruinar um indivíduo, organização ou até um negócio, seja de forma direta (críticas ao estabelecimento) ou indireta (mudanças no comportamento do consumidor devido à ocorrência de crimes numa região)
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