Two Approaches for Text Segmentation in Web Images

There is a significant need to recognise the text in images on web pages, both for effective indexing and for presentation by non-visual means (e.g., audio). This paper presents and compares two novel methods for the segmentation of characters for subsequent extraction and recognition. The novelty of both approaches is the combination of (different in each case) topological features of characters with an anthropocentric perspective of colour perception— in preference to RGB space analysis. Both approaches enable the extraction of text in complex situations such as in the presence of varying colour and texture (characters and background)

Two Approaches for Text Segmentation in Web Images

There is a significant need to recognise the text in images on web pages, both for effective indexing and for presentation by non-visual means (e.g., audio). This paper presents and compares two novel methods for the segmentation of characters for subsequent extraction and recognition. The novelty of both approaches is the combination of (different in each case) topological features of characters with an anthropocentric perspective of colour perception— in preference to RGB space analysis. Both approaches enable the extraction of text in complex situations such as in the presence of varying colour and texture (characters and background)

Study of covering properties in fuzzy topology

This work is devoted to the study of covering properties both in L-fuzzy topological spaces and in smooth L-fuzzy topological spaces , that is the fuzzy spaces in Sostak's sense, where L is a fuzzy lattice . Based on the satisfactory theory of L-fuzzy compactness build up by Warner, McLean and Kudri, good definitions of feeble compactness and P-closedness are introduced and studied. A unification theory for good L-fuzzy covering axioms is provided. Following the lines of L-fuzzy compactness, we suggest two kinds of L-fuzzy relative compactness as in general topology, study some of their properties and prove that these notions are good extensions of the corresponding ordinary versions. We also present L-fuzzy versions of R-compactness , weak compactness and 0-rigidity and discuss some of their properties. By introducing 'a-Scott continuous functions', a 'goodness of extension' criterion for smooth fuzzy topological properties is established. We propose a good definition of compactness, which we call 'smooth compactness' in smooth L-fuzzy topological spaces. Smooth compactness turns out to be an extension of L-fuzzy compactness to smooth L-fuzzy topological spaces. We study some properties of smooth compactness and obtain different characterizations. As an extension of the fuzzy Hausdorffness defined by Warner and McLean, 'smooth Hausdorffness' is introduced in smooth L-fuzzy topological spaces. Good definitions of smooth countable compactness, smooth Lindelofness and smooth local compactness are introduced and some of their properties studied

Symmetry, Gravity and Noncommutativity

We review some aspects of the implementation of spacetime symmetries in noncommutative field theories, emphasizing their origin in string theory and how they may be used to construct theories of gravitation. The geometry of canonical noncommutative gauge transformations is analysed in detail and it is shown how noncommutative Yang-Mills theory can be related to a gravity theory. The construction of twisted spacetime symmetries and their role in constructing a noncommutative extension of general relativity is described. We also analyse certain generic features of noncommutative gauge theories on D-branes in curved spaces, treating several explicit examples of superstring backgrounds.Comment: 52 pages; Invited review article to be published in Classical and Quantum Gravity; v2: references adde

L-fuzzy compactness and related concepts

The compactness defined by Warner and McLean is extended to arbitrary L-fuzzy sets where L is a fuzzy lattice, i.e., a completely distributive lattice with an order reversing involution. It is shown that with our compactness we can build up a satisfactory theory. The different definitions of compactness in L-fuzzy topological spaces are stated and other characterizations of some of these notions are obtained. We also study their goodness and establish the inter-relations between the compactnesses which are good extensions. Good definitions of L-fuzzy regularity and normality are proposed. Following the lines of our compactness we suggest two definitions of L-fuzzy local compactness that are good extensions of the respective ordinary versions. A comparison between them is presented and some of their properties studied. A one point compactification is also obtained. By introducing a new definition of a locally finite family of L-fuzzy sets and combining it with our definition of compactness, we propose an L-fuzzy paracompactness and study some of its properties. Good definitions of L-fuzzy countable and sequential compactness and the Lindelof property are introduced and studied. We also present, in L-fuzzy topological spaces, good extensions of S-closedness and RS-compactness. Some of their properties are examined. Good L-fuzzy versions of almost compactness, near compactness and a strong compactness are put forward and studied. A comparison between these compactness related concepts is also presented

New Development of Neutrosophic Probability, Neutrosophic Statistics, Neutrosophic Algebraic Structures, and Neutrosophic & Plithogenic Optimizations

This Special Issue puts forward for discussion state-of-the-art papers on new topics related to neutrosophic theories, such as neutrosophic algebraic structures, neutrosophic triplet algebraic structures, neutrosophic extended triplet algebraic structures, neutrosophic algebraic hyperstructures, neutrosophic triplet algebraic hyperstructures, neutrosophic n-ary algebraic structures, neutrosophic n-ary algebraic hyperstructures, refined neutrosophic algebraic structures, refined neutrosophic algebraic hyperstructures, quadruple neutrosophic algebraic structures, refined quadruple neutrosophic algebraic structures, neutrosophic image processing, neutrosophic image classification, neutrosophic computer vision, neutrosophic machine learning, neutrosophic artificial intelligence, neutrosophic data analytics, neutrosophic deep learning, neutrosophic symmetry, and their applications in the real world. This book leads to the further advancement of the neutrosophic and plithogenic theories of NeutroAlgebra and AntiAlgebra, NeutroGeometry and AntiGeometry, Neutrosophic n-SuperHyperGraph (the most general form of graph of today), Neutrosophic Statistics, Plithogenic Logic as a generalization of MultiVariate Logic, Plithogenic Probability and Plithogenic Statistics as a generalization of MultiVariate Probability and Statistics, respectively, and presents their countless applications in our every-day world

ISIPTA'07: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Imprecise Probability: Theories and Applications

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