Register Allocation Using Lazy Saves, Eager Restores, and Greedy Shuffling

This paper presents a fast and effective linear intraprocedural register allocation strategy that optimizes register usage across procedure calls. It capitalizes on our observation that while procedures that do not contain calls (syntactic leaf routines) account for under one third of all procedure activations, procedures that actually make no calls (effective leaf routines) account for over two thirds of all procedure activations. Well-suited for both caller- and callee-save registers, our strategy employs a "lazy" save mechanism that avoids saves for all effective leaf routines, an "eager" restore mechanism that reduces the effect of memory latency, and a "greedy" register shuffling algorithm that does a remarkably good job of minimizing the need for temporaries in setting up procedure calls. 1 Introduction Register allocation, the complex problem of deciding which values will be held in which registers over what portions of the program, encompasses several interrelated sub-problem..

Abstract Register Allocation Using Lazy Saves, Eager Restores, and Greedy Shuffling

This paper presents a fast and effective linear intraprocedural register allocation strategy that optimizes register usage across procedure calls. It capitalizes on our observation that while procedures that do not contain calls (syntactic leaf routines) account for under one third of all procedure activations, procedures that actually make no calls (effective leaf routines) account for over two thirds of all procedure activations. Well-suited for both caller- and callee-save registers, our strategy employs a “lazy ” save mechanism that avoids saves for all effective leaf routines, an “eager ” restore mechanism that reduces the effect of memory latency, and a “greedy ” register shuffling algorithm that does a remarkably good job of minimizing the need for temporaries in setting up procedure calls.

Aspect structure of compilers

Compilers are among the most widely-studied pieces of software; and, modularizing these valuable artifacts is a recurring theme in research. However, modularization of cross-cutting concerns in compilers is not yet well explored. Even today, implementation of one compiler concern scatters across and tangles with the implementation of several other concerns, thereby leading to a mismatch between different compiler modules and the operations they represent. Essentially, current compiler implementations fail to explicitly identify the control dependencies of different phases, and separately characterize the actions to execute during those phases. As a result, information about their program-execution path remains non-intuitive: it stays hidden within the program structure and cuts-across several phase implementations. Consequently, this makes compiler designs and artifacts difficult to comprehend, maintain and reuse. Such limitations occur primarily as a result of the inability of mainstream object-oriented languages, such as Java, to organize the cross-cutting concerns into clean modular units. This thesis demonstrates how such modularity-issues in compilers can be addressed with the help of a relatively new, yet powerful programming paradigm called aspect-oriented programming

The Money of Qaroon and the Patience of Ayoub: Women and Land in Egypt\u27s Mubarak Resettlement Scheme

This dissertation addresses the challenge of achieving increased empowerment and equality for Egyptian women. The dissertation tests the assumption that land access (through both joint and full titles) increases empowerment and equality for women in two desert resettlements of Sa’yda and Intilaq, part of the massive Mubarak Resettlement Scheme (MRS). In particular, the dissertation identifies: 1) how land access could empower Egyptian women and 2) women’s experiences with land access in the MRS. Findings reveal that land access is indeed the most promising route for women’s advancement in life, but the desert land required patience and financial assets. Land access, however, is not ubiquitously empowering as has been argued by many scholars. The dissertation showed, for example, that joint titles did not increase women’s ability to overcome inequalities. Women landholders of both title types experienced resistance from government officials and family members to capture opportunities provided to them through land access. The dissertation asserts that inequalities and injustices are reproduced in the MRS. Women landholders and other poor settlers were provided with the most marginal lands in the MRS and had to endure inadequate planning, limited access to basic services, and empty promises. Settlers, including women, resisted government’s weak policies by covert (rumours, gossip, and passive non-compliance) and overt ways (open protest and defiance), increasingly after the Revolution of January 25. In response, the state participated in settlers’ resistance, turned a blind eye to it, or legalized it to generate profit and please the angry crowds. The study confirms an interdependent household model for Egyptian families. Women did not aspire to opt outside their households, as has been advocated for by many scholars; rather, women landholders aimed to provide for their husbands and children. Long term sustainability of women’s access to land is seriously challenged by women landholders’ plans to bequest property mostly to their sons. The study also highlights the importance of relying on site-specific and locally relevant scientific knowledge for farming marginal lands, which is common to many parts of the world due to population pressures. Provision of land to women has the potential to be empowering, provided that policymakers also consider gender relations, land subjectivities, micro-credit, marketing, scientific research in desert conditions, adherence to promised policies, and patriarchy. In analyzing planners’ agendas and officials’ implementation through the lens of local women’s experiences, this study opens up new ways to systemically understand the links among empowerment, gender, and land access in the Middle East

Bowdoin Orient v.126, no.1-23 (1995-1996)

https://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/bowdoinorient-1990s/1007/thumbnail.jp

Bowdoin Orient v.124, no.1-23 (1993-1994)

https://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/bowdoinorient-1990s/1005/thumbnail.jp

The Sioux Falls Argus-Leader: January 1, 1982 - December 31, 1992 Annual Index: Volume 2

The purpose of this index is to provide a practical guide to South Dakota news. Included are biographical articles about South Dakotans; news by local writers; all editorials; reports of committees, conventions, meetings, etc.; articles on local history, arts, business, and musical performances; features on education employment, population trends, and parks and recreation, etc. National and international items which are indexed in the New York Times Index and Readers\u27 Guide, to Periodical Literature are omitted unless the subject matter is relevant to South Dakota. Also omitted are items in the following general categories: national columns; birth, engagement, wedding and obituary announcements; daily sports news; public notices minutes of city and county commission meetings; and hospital and police records

The mirror house: writing the uncanny into the Australian suburban home

This thesis explores the role of the uncanny as a means of situating a gothic haunted house story in a contemporary Australian suburban home. In Volume One, the exegesis, I discuss the way Freud’s concept of the uncanny can work within a haunted house text, both as a means of transcending conventional clichés and as a way of ensuring contemporary relevance. I examine the uncanny with reference to ‘haunted’ structures, beginning with the original gothic castles. I then discuss the literary representation of the uncanny house in the Australian post-colonial context, using Andrew McGahan’s The White Earth as an example. Moving from direct colonial references into contemporary time and space, I argue that modern suburbs are uncanny places, and thus a natural site for a modern ‘haunted’ story. The uncanny, then, can be seen as a point of nexus between genre, history, place and individual through which my novel was created. The second volume of the thesis comprises this novel, The Mirror House. The main protagonist, Lora, is a single mother with a young daughter Cloudy. Evicted from her flat, she takes up an offer by her partner, Neil, whom she has known for less than a year, to move in with him into a grand new house in an outer suburb of a distant, unnamed, city. When she arrives she is unsettled to see an identical house across the lake, and learns it was the scene of a double death, possibly murder-suicide. A second strand of narrative follows a mysterious young man who also haunts the suburb, and the two narratives move towards each other until they intertwine. After an accident, Lora’s sense of identity becomes fragile and distinctions between the two houses, their inhabitants, and the past and the present, begin to blur until Lora and the young man are drawn to meet in the Mirror House. The novel explores ideas of home and homelessness, image and identity, and the haunting of the new

Academe Maid Possible: The Lived Experiences of Six Women Employed as Custodial Workers at a Research Extensive University Located in the Southwest

This qualitative study sought to understand the ways classism, as it intersects with racism and sexism, affects how low wage-earning women negotiate their work world in the academy and the way the academy functions to create, maintain, and reproduce the context within which oppression is able to emerge. Field research took place at State University, a pseudonym for a Land Grant, Research Extensive institution located in the Southwest. Through the lenses of critical theory and critical feminist theory the stories of six women employed as custodial workers, nine administrators employed at State University, and two State University employees involved in the community's Living Wage initiative, were analyzed. The lives of women employed as custodial workers are largely unremarked and undocumented, and the ways in which their work serves to make the academy possible have been unacknowledged. This study found that the job of cleaning in the traditional higher education environment is laced with challenges. The nature of the academy, the ethos and operation of State University, and the interlocking systems of classism, racism and sexism fuse together arrangements of power that simultaneously obliterate and render these women agonizingly visible through systems of oppression. In an environment where honor is conferred upon "the educated," the custodial participants, whose opportunities were limited due to their social locations, exist on the border of the academy. Their marginality is reinforced daily, as they are in constant contact with higher-status individuals who perform raced, classed, and gendered behaviors that are woven into the fabric of our society. The study also found that the custodial participants and the university administrators are locked in a relationship of mutual distrust. State University administrators do not trust the custodians and the custodians do not trust State University administrators. Furthermore, existing at both the literal and metaphorical "bottom" of the organization, custodians are among the first to feel the impact of major institutional shifts, such as increases in student and faculty bodies, and large-scale economic recovery initiatives. Additionally, I reconceptualize the notion of "borrowed power" to name the impermanence of the authority which Black custodial supervisors, and people of color in general, hold in our racialized society. Finally, the data decidedly point to White male students as primary actors and architects of the overtly hostile work environment within which the women work. The custodial participants negotiate these challenges with facility. They find creative ways to resist and to negotiate the obstacles they face. Unfortunately, they also occasionally internalize negative messages and are complicit in their marginality. Administrators who participated in the study were aware of these conditions, but remained silent on the issue of resolution. Through various intentional (if unconscious) State University policies, practices, rules, norms, behaviors, and structures that sometimes act in insidious, hidden ways, the dominant groups? interests continue to be pursued while the interests, needs, and even the very presence of marginal members is ignored. Thus, systems of domination and subordination are produced, reproduced, validated, and institutionalized in the academy. This process is presented in a Conceptual Map of How Systems of Oppression Flourish and are Re/produced in the Academy. The findings of this study contribute to existing bodies of knowledge that discuss racial, gender, and economic inequality. Yet it opens new lines of inquiry into the overlapping conditions of gender, racial, and economic marginality as they impact the lives of women custodial workers in the academy. The findings issue a clarion call for institutions of higher education, one of our nation?s longstanding and respected foci of social change, to tap into its available expertise to end oppression, beginning in its own "backyard.