13,746 research outputs found
Follow Me at the Edge: Mobility-Aware Dynamic Service Placement for Mobile Edge Computing
Mobile edge computing is a new computing paradigm, which pushes cloud
computing capabilities away from the centralized cloud to the network edge.
However, with the sinking of computing capabilities, the new challenge incurred
by user mobility arises: since end-users typically move erratically, the
services should be dynamically migrated among multiple edges to maintain the
service performance, i.e., user-perceived latency. Tackling this problem is
non-trivial since frequent service migration would greatly increase the
operational cost. To address this challenge in terms of the performance-cost
trade-off, in this paper we study the mobile edge service performance
optimization problem under long-term cost budget constraint. To address user
mobility which is typically unpredictable, we apply Lyapunov optimization to
decompose the long-term optimization problem into a series of real-time
optimization problems which do not require a priori knowledge such as user
mobility. As the decomposed problem is NP-hard, we first design an
approximation algorithm based on Markov approximation to seek a near-optimal
solution. To make our solution scalable and amenable to future 5G application
scenario with large-scale user devices, we further propose a distributed
approximation scheme with greatly reduced time complexity, based on the
technique of best response update. Rigorous theoretical analysis and extensive
evaluations demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed centralized and
distributed schemes.Comment: The paper is accepted by IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in
Communications, Aug. 201
DRIVESHAFT: Improving Perceived Mobile Web Performance
With mobiles overtaking desktops as the primary vehicle of Internet
consumption, mobile web performance has become a crucial factor for websites as
it directly impacts their revenue. In principle, improving web performance
entails squeezing out every millisecond of the webpage delivery, loading, and
rendering. However, on a practical note, an illusion of faster websites
suffices. This paper presents DriveShaft, a system envisioned to be deployed in
Content Delivery Networks, which improves the perceived web performance on
mobile devices by reducing the time taken to show visually complete web pages,
without requiring any changes in websites, browsers, or any actions from
end-user. DriveShaft employs (i) crowdsourcing, (ii) on-the-fly JavaScript
injection, (iii) privacy preserving desensitization, and (iv) automatic HTML
generation to achieve its goals. Experimental evaluations using 200
representative websites on different networks (Wi-Fi and 4G), different devices
(high-end and low-end phones) and different browsers, show a reduction of 5x in
the time required to see a visually complete website while giving a perception
of 5x-6x faster page loading.Comment: 13 pages, 14 figure
A Simultaneous-Movement Mobile Multiplayer Game Design based on Adaptive Background Partitioning Technique
Implementations of mobile games have become prevalent industrial technology
due to the ubiquitous nature of mobile devices. However, simultaneous-movement
multiplayer games, games that a player competes simultaneously with other
players, are usually affected by such parameters as latency, type of game
architecture and type of communication technology. This paper makes a review of
the above parameters, considering the pros and cons of the various techniques
used in addressing each parameter. It then goes ahead to propose an enhanced
mechanism for dealing with packet delays based on partitioning the game
background into grids. The proposed design is implemented and tested using
Bluetooth and Wi-Fi communication technologies. The efficiency and
effectiveness of the design are also analyzed.Comment: 8 page
Realizing the Tactile Internet: Haptic Communications over Next Generation 5G Cellular Networks
Prior Internet designs encompassed the fixed, mobile and lately the things
Internet. In a natural evolution to these, the notion of the Tactile Internet
is emerging which allows one to transmit touch and actuation in real-time. With
voice and data communications driving the designs of the current Internets, the
Tactile Internet will enable haptic communications, which in turn will be a
paradigm shift in how skills and labor are digitally delivered globally. Design
efforts for both the Tactile Internet and the underlying haptic communications
are in its infancy. The aim of this article is thus to review some of the most
stringent design challenges, as well as proposing first avenues for specific
solutions to enable the Tactile Internet revolution.Comment: IEEE Wireless Communications - Accepted for Publicatio
Key technologies to accelerate the ICT Green evolution -- An operator's point of view
The exponential growth in networks' traffic accompanied by the multiplication
of new services like those promised by the 5G led to a huge increase in the
infrastructures' energy consumption. All over the world, many telecom operators
are facing the problem of energy consumption and Green networking since many
years and they all convey today that it turned from sustainable development
initiative to an OPEX issue. Therefore, the challenge to make the ICT sector
more energy-efficient and environment-friendly has become a fundamental
objective not only to green networks but also in the domain of green services
that enable the ICT sectors to help other industrial sector to clean their own
energy consumption. The present paper is a point of view of a European telecom
operator regarding green networking. We address some technological advancements
that would enable to accelerate this ICT green evolution after more than 15
years of field experience and international collaborative research projects.
Basically, the paper is a global survey of the evolution of the ICT industry in
green networks including optical and wireless networks and from hardware
improvement to the software era as well as the green orchestration.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, November 27th
201
Network Utility Aware Traffic Loading Balancing in Backhaul-constrained Cache-enabled Small Cell Networks with Hybrid Power Supplies
Explosive data traffic growth leads to a continuous surge in capacity demands
across mobile networks. In order to provision high network capacity, small cell
base stations (SCBSs) are widely deployed. Owing to the close proximity to
mobile users, SCBSs can effectively enhance the network capacity and offloading
traffic load from macro BSs (MBSs). However, the cost-effective backhaul may
not be readily available for SCBSs, thus leading to backhaul constraints in
small cell networks (SCNs). Enabling cache in BSs may mitigate the backhaul
constraints in SCNs. Moreover, the dense deployment of SCBSs may incur
excessive energy consumption. To alleviate brown power consumption, renewable
energy will be explored to power BSs. In such a network, it is challenging to
dynamically balance traffic load among BSs to optimize the network utilities.
In this paper, we investigate the traffic load balancing in
backhaul-constrained cache-enabled small cell networks powered by hybrid energy
sources. We have proposed a network utility aware (NUA) traffic load balancing
scheme that optimizes user association to strike a tradeoff between the green
power utilization and the traffic delivery latency. On balancing the traffic
load, the proposed NUA traffic load balancing scheme considers the green power
utilization, the traffic delivery latency in both BSs and their backhaul, and
the cache hit ratio. The NUA traffic load balancing scheme allows dynamically
adjusting the tradeoff between the green power utilization and the traffic
delivery latency. We have proved the convergence and the optimality of the
proposed NUA traffic load balancing scheme. Through extensive simulations, we
have compared performance of the NUA traffic load balancing scheme with other
schemes and showed its advantages in backhaul-constrained cache-enabled small
cell networks with hybrid power supplies
DeepWear: Adaptive Local Offloading for On-Wearable Deep Learning
Due to their on-body and ubiquitous nature, wearables can generate a wide
range of unique sensor data creating countless opportunities for deep learning
tasks. We propose DeepWear, a deep learning (DL) framework for wearable devices
to improve the performance and reduce the energy footprint. DeepWear
strategically offloads DL tasks from a wearable device to its paired handheld
device through local network. Compared to the remote-cloud-based offloading,
DeepWear requires no Internet connectivity, consumes less energy, and is robust
to privacy breach. DeepWear provides various novel techniques such as
context-aware offloading, strategic model partition, and pipelining support to
efficiently utilize the processing capacity from nearby paired handhelds.
Deployed as a user-space library, DeepWear offers developer-friendly APIs that
are as simple as those in traditional DL libraries such as TensorFlow. We have
implemented DeepWear on the Android OS and evaluated it on COTS smartphones and
smartwatches with real DL models. DeepWear brings up to 5.08X and 23.0X
execution speedup, as well as 53.5% and 85.5% energy saving compared to
wearable-only and handheld-only strategies, respectively
Demystifying Mobile Web Browsing under Multiple Protocols
With the popularity of mobile devices, such as smartphones, tablets, users
prefer visiting Web pages on mobile devices. Meanwhile, HTTP(S) plays as the
major protocol to deliver Web contents, and has served the Web well for more
than 15 years. However, as the Web pages grow increasingly complex to provide
more content and functionality, the shortcomings and inflexibility of HTTP
become more and more urgent to solve, e.g., the sluggish page load, insecure
content, redundant transfer, etc. SPDY and HTTP/2 are promoted to solve the
shortcomings and inflexibilities of HTTP/1.x. We are interested in how Web
pages perform on smartphones with different protocols, including HTTP, HTTPS,
SPDY, and HTTP/2. In this paper, we divide our experiments into two parts.
First, in order to simplify our analysis, we develop our own HTTP client
ignoring complicated process in real browsers to fetch synthetic Web pages with
pre-specified object sizes and object numbers with different protocols,
respectively. Meanwhile, we emulate different network conditions between client
and server using Traffic Control. In order to test with real browsers, we clone
Alexa top 200 websites, which have the corresponding mobile version, into our
local host. Meanwhile, we control mobile Chrome browser to load those Web pages
with different protocols and emulate different network conditions using Traffic
Control. We identify how Web page characteristics and network conditions affect
Web performance on smartphones for each protocol. We also conduct experiments
on a low-end device to observe if a less powerful processor could affect Web
page performance for each protocol
A Survey on Low Latency Towards 5G: RAN, Core Network and Caching Solutions
The fifth generation (5G) wireless network technology is to be standardized
by 2020, where main goals are to improve capacity, reliability, and energy
efficiency, while reducing latency and massively increasing connection density.
An integral part of 5G is the capability to transmit touch perception type
real-time communication empowered by applicable robotics and haptics equipment
at the network edge. In this regard, we need drastic changes in network
architecture including core and radio access network (RAN) for achieving
end-to-end latency on the order of 1 ms. In this paper, we present a detailed
survey on the emerging technologies to achieve low latency communications
considering three different solution domains: RAN, core network, and caching.
We also present a general overview of 5G cellular networks composed of software
defined network (SDN), network function virtualization (NFV), caching, and
mobile edge computing (MEC) capable of meeting latency and other 5G
requirements.Comment: Accepted in IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorial
Role of Data Mining in E-Payment systems
Data Mining deals extracting hidden knowledge, unexpected pattern and new
rules from large database. Various customized data mining tools have been
developed for domain specific applications such as Biomedicine, DNA analysis
and telecommunication. Trends in data mining include further efforts towards
the exploration of new application areas and methods for handling complex data
types, algorithm scalability, constraint based data mining and visualization
methods. In this paper we will present domain specific Secure Multiparty
computation technique and applications. Data mining has matured as a field of
basic and applied research in computer science in general. In this paper, we
survey some of the recent approaches and architectures where data mining has
been applied in the fields of e-payment systems. In this paper we limit our
discussion to data mining in the context of e-payment systems. We also mention
a few directions for further work in this domain, based on the survey.Comment: Pages IEEE format, International Journal of Computer Science and
Information Security, IJCSIS, Vol. 7 No. 2, February 2010, USA. ISSN 1947
5500, http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis
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