8,766 research outputs found
Reconstruction of Binary Functions and Shapes from Incomplete Frequency Information
The characterization of a binary function by partial frequency information is
considered. We show that it is possible to reconstruct binary signals from
incomplete frequency measurements via the solution of a simple linear
optimization problem. We further prove that if a binary function is spatially
structured (e.g. a general black-white image or an indicator function of a
shape), then it can be recovered from very few low frequency measurements in
general. These results would lead to efficient methods of sensing,
characterizing and recovering a binary signal or a shape as well as other
applications like deconvolution of binary functions blurred by a low-pass
filter. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the theoretical
arguments.Comment: IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 201
Geometric reconstruction methods for electron tomography
Electron tomography is becoming an increasingly important tool in materials
science for studying the three-dimensional morphologies and chemical
compositions of nanostructures. The image quality obtained by many current
algorithms is seriously affected by the problems of missing wedge artefacts and
nonlinear projection intensities due to diffraction effects. The former refers
to the fact that data cannot be acquired over the full tilt range;
the latter implies that for some orientations, crystalline structures can show
strong contrast changes. To overcome these problems we introduce and discuss
several algorithms from the mathematical fields of geometric and discrete
tomography. The algorithms incorporate geometric prior knowledge (mainly
convexity and homogeneity), which also in principle considerably reduces the
number of tilt angles required. Results are discussed for the reconstruction of
an InAs nanowire
Reconstruction of algebraic-exponential data from moments
Let be a bounded open subset of Euclidean space with real algebraic
boundary . Under the assumption that the degree of is
given, and the power moments of the Lebesgue measure on are known up to
order , we describe an algorithmic procedure for obtaining a polynomial
vanishing on . The particular case of semi-algebraic sets defined by a
single polynomial inequality raises an intriguing question related to the
finite determinateness of the full moment sequence. The more general case of a
measure with density equal to the exponential of a polynomial is treated in
parallel. Our approach relies on Stokes theorem and simple Hankel-type matrix
identities
Semantic 3D Reconstruction with Finite Element Bases
We propose a novel framework for the discretisation of multi-label problems
on arbitrary, continuous domains. Our work bridges the gap between general FEM
discretisations, and labeling problems that arise in a variety of computer
vision tasks, including for instance those derived from the generalised Potts
model. Starting from the popular formulation of labeling as a convex relaxation
by functional lifting, we show that FEM discretisation is valid for the most
general case, where the regulariser is anisotropic and non-metric. While our
findings are generic and applicable to different vision problems, we
demonstrate their practical implementation in the context of semantic 3D
reconstruction, where such regularisers have proved particularly beneficial.
The proposed FEM approach leads to a smaller memory footprint as well as faster
computation, and it constitutes a very simple way to enable variable, adaptive
resolution within the same model
Non-Oscillatory Hierarchical Reconstruction for Central and Finite Volume Schemes
This is the continuation of the paper "central discontinuous Galerkin methods on overlapping cells with a non-oscillatory hierarchical reconstruction" by the same authors. The hierarchical reconstruction introduced therein is applied to central schemes on overlapping cells and to nite volume schemes on non-staggered grids. This takes a new nite volume approach for approximating non-smooth solutions. A critical step for high order nite volume schemes is to reconstruct a nonoscillatory
high degree polynomial approximation in each cell out of nearby cell averages. In the paper this procedure is accomplished in two steps: first to reconstruct a high degree polynomial in each cell by using e.g., a central reconstruction, which is easy to do despite the fact that the reconstructed
polynomial could be oscillatory; then to apply the hierarchical reconstruction to remove the spurious oscillations while maintaining the high resolution. All numerical computations for systems of conservation laws are performed without characteristic decomposition. In particular, we demonstrate that this new approach can generate essentially non-oscillatory solutions even for 5th order schemes without
characteristic decomposition.The research of Y. Liu was supported in part by NSF grant DMS-0511815. The research of C.-W. Shu was supported in part by the Chinese Academy of Sciences while this author was visiting the University of Science
and Technology of China (grant 2004-1-8) and the Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scienti c/Engineering Computing. Additional support was provided by ARO grant W911NF-04-1-0291 and NSF grant DMS-0510345. The research of E. Tadmor was supported in part by NSF grant 04-07704 and ONR grant N00014-91-J-1076. The research of M. Zhang was supported in part by the Chinese Academy of Sciences grant 2004-1-8
Robust Uncertainty Principles: Exact Signal Reconstruction from Highly Incomplete Frequency Information
This paper considers the model problem of reconstructing an object from
incomplete frequency samples. Consider a discrete-time signal f \in \C^N and
a randomly chosen set of frequencies of mean size . Is it
possible to reconstruct from the partial knowledge of its Fourier
coefficients on the set ?
A typical result of this paper is as follows: for each , suppose that
obeys # \{t, f(t) \neq 0 \} \le \alpha(M) \cdot (\log N)^{-1} \cdot #
\Omega, then with probability at least , can be
reconstructed exactly as the solution to the minimization problem In short, exact recovery may be
obtained by solving a convex optimization problem. We give numerical values for
which depends on the desired probability of success; except for the
logarithmic factor, the condition on the size of the support is sharp.
The methodology extends to a variety of other setups and higher dimensions.
For example, we show how one can reconstruct a piecewise constant (one or
two-dimensional) object from incomplete frequency samples--provided that the
number of jumps (discontinuities) obeys the condition above--by minimizing
other convex functionals such as the total-variation of
Combinatorics and Geometry of Transportation Polytopes: An Update
A transportation polytope consists of all multidimensional arrays or tables
of non-negative real numbers that satisfy certain sum conditions on subsets of
the entries. They arise naturally in optimization and statistics, and also have
interest for discrete mathematics because permutation matrices, latin squares,
and magic squares appear naturally as lattice points of these polytopes.
In this paper we survey advances on the understanding of the combinatorics
and geometry of these polyhedra and include some recent unpublished results on
the diameter of graphs of these polytopes. In particular, this is a thirty-year
update on the status of a list of open questions last visited in the 1984 book
by Yemelichev, Kovalev and Kravtsov and the 1986 survey paper of Vlach.Comment: 35 pages, 13 figure
Simple Approximations of Semialgebraic Sets and their Applications to Control
Many uncertainty sets encountered in control systems analysis and design can
be expressed in terms of semialgebraic sets, that is as the intersection of
sets described by means of polynomial inequalities. Important examples are for
instance the solution set of linear matrix inequalities or the Schur/Hurwitz
stability domains. These sets often have very complicated shapes (non-convex,
and even non-connected), which renders very difficult their manipulation. It is
therefore of considerable importance to find simple-enough approximations of
these sets, able to capture their main characteristics while maintaining a low
level of complexity. For these reasons, in the past years several convex
approximations, based for instance on hyperrect-angles, polytopes, or
ellipsoids have been proposed. In this work, we move a step further, and
propose possibly non-convex approximations , based on a small volume polynomial
superlevel set of a single positive polynomial of given degree. We show how
these sets can be easily approximated by minimizing the L1 norm of the
polynomial over the semialgebraic set, subject to positivity constraints.
Intuitively, this corresponds to the trace minimization heuristic commonly
encounter in minimum volume ellipsoid problems. From a computational viewpoint,
we design a hierarchy of linear matrix inequality problems to generate these
approximations, and we provide theoretically rigorous convergence results, in
the sense that the hierarchy of outer approximations converges in volume (or,
equivalently, almost everywhere and almost uniformly) to the original set. Two
main applications of the proposed approach are considered. The first one aims
at reconstruction/approximation of sets from a finite number of samples. In the
second one, we show how the concept of polynomial superlevel set can be used to
generate samples uniformly distributed on a given semialgebraic set. The
efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated by different numerical
examples
Compact Central WENO Schemes for Multidimensional Conservation Laws
We present a new third-order central scheme for approximating solutions of
systems of conservation laws in one and two space dimensions. In the spirit of
Godunov-type schemes,our method is based on reconstructing a
piecewise-polynomial interpolant from cell-averages which is then advanced
exactly in time. In the reconstruction step, we introduce a new third-order as
a convex combination of interpolants based on different stencils. The heart of
the matter is that one of these interpolants is taken as an arbitrary quadratic
polynomial and the weights of the convex combination are set as to obtain
third-order accuracy in smooth regions. The embedded mechanism in the WENO-like
schemes guarantees that in regions with discontinuities or large gradients,
there is an automatic switch to a one-sided second-order reconstruction, which
prevents the creation of spurious oscillations. In the one-dimensional case,
our new third order scheme is based on an extremely compact point stencil.
Analogous compactness is retained in more space dimensions. The accuracy,
robustness and high-resolution properties of our scheme are demonstrated in a
variety of one and two dimensional problems.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figure
- …