29,708 research outputs found
Non-parametric Reconstruction of Cluster Mass Distribution from Strong Lensing: Modelling Abell 370
We describe a new non-parametric technique for reconstructing the mass
distribution in galaxy clusters with strong lensing, i.e., from multiple images
of background galaxies. The observed positions and redshifts of the images are
considered as rigid constraints and through the lens (ray-trace) equation they
provide us with linear constraint equations. These constraints confine the mass
distribution to some allowed region, which is then found by linear programming.
Within this allowed region we study in detail the mass distribution with
minimum mass-to-light variation; also some others, such as the smoothest mass
distribution. The method is applied to the extensively studied cluster Abell
370, which hosts a giant luminous arc and several other multiply imaged
background galaxies. Our mass maps are constrained by the observed positions
and redshifts (spectroscopic or model-inferred by previous authors) of the
giant arc and multiple image systems. The reconstructed maps obtained for \a370
reveal a detailed mass distribution, with substructure quite different from the
light distribution. The method predicts the bimodal nature of the cluster and
that the projected mass distribution is indeed elongated along the axis defined
by the two dominant cD galaxies. But the peaks in the mass distribution appear
to be offset from the centres of the cDs. We also present an estimate for the
total mass of the central region of the cluster. This is in good agreement with
previous mass determinations. The total mass of the central region is
M=(2.0-2.7) 10^14 Msun/h50, depending on the solution chosen.Comment: 14 pages(19 postscript figures), minor corrections, MNRAS in pres
Reconstructing Generalized Staircase Polygons with Uniform Step Length
Visibility graph reconstruction, which asks us to construct a polygon that
has a given visibility graph, is a fundamental problem with unknown complexity
(although visibility graph recognition is known to be in PSPACE). We show that
two classes of uniform step length polygons can be reconstructed efficiently by
finding and removing rectangles formed between consecutive convex boundary
vertices called tabs. In particular, we give an -time reconstruction
algorithm for orthogonally convex polygons, where and are the number of
vertices and edges in the visibility graph, respectively. We further show that
reconstructing a monotone chain of staircases (a histogram) is fixed-parameter
tractable, when parameterized on the number of tabs, and polynomially solvable
in time under reasonable alignment restrictions.Comment: Appears in the Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on
Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2017
Precise 3D track reconstruction algorithm for the ICARUS T600 liquid argon time projection chamber detector
Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr TPC) detectors offer charged
particle imaging capability with remarkable spatial resolution. Precise event
reconstruction procedures are critical in order to fully exploit the potential
of this technology. In this paper we present a new, general approach of
three-dimensional reconstruction for the LAr TPC with a practical application
to track reconstruction. The efficiency of the method is evaluated on a sample
of simulated tracks. We present also the application of the method to the
analysis of real data tracks collected during the ICARUS T600 detector
operation with the CNGS neutrino beam.Comment: Submitted to Advances in High Energy Physic
Canonical Phase Diagrams of the 1-D Falicov-Kimball Model at T=0
The Falicov-Kimball model of spinless quantum electrons hopping on a
1-dimensional lattice and of immobile classical ions occupying some lattice
sites, with only intrasite coupling between those particles, have been studied
at zero temperature by means of well-controlled numerical procedures. For
selected values of the unique coupling parameter the restricted phase
diagrams (based on all the periodic configurations of localized particles
(ions) with period not greater than 16 lattice constants, typically) have been
constructed in the grand-canonical ensemble. Then these diagrams have been
translated into the canonical ensemble. Compared to the diagrams obtained in
other studies our ones contain more details, in particular they give better
insight into the way the mixtures of periodic phases are formed. Our study has
revealed several families of new characteristic phases like the generalized
most homogeneous and the generalized crenel phases, a first example of a
structural phase transition and a tendency to build up an additional symmetry
-- the hole-particle symmetry with respect to the ions (electrons) only, as
decreases.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures (not included
Annotating Synapses in Large EM Datasets
Reconstructing neuronal circuits at the level of synapses is a central
problem in neuroscience and becoming a focus of the emerging field of
connectomics. To date, electron microscopy (EM) is the most proven technique
for identifying and quantifying synaptic connections. As advances in EM make
acquiring larger datasets possible, subsequent manual synapse identification
({\em i.e.}, proofreading) for deciphering a connectome becomes a major time
bottleneck. Here we introduce a large-scale, high-throughput, and
semi-automated methodology to efficiently identify synapses. We successfully
applied our methodology to the Drosophila medulla optic lobe, annotating many
more synapses than previous connectome efforts. Our approaches are extensible
and will make the often complicated process of synapse identification
accessible to a wider-community of potential proofreaders
SLIC Based Digital Image Enlargement
Low resolution image enhancement is a classical computer vision problem.
Selecting the best method to reconstruct an image to a higher resolution with
the limited data available in the low-resolution image is quite a challenge. A
major drawback from the existing enlargement techniques is the introduction of
color bleeding while interpolating pixels over the edges that separate distinct
colors in an image. The color bleeding causes to accentuate the edges with new
colors as a result of blending multiple colors over adjacent regions. This
paper proposes a novel approach to mitigate the color bleeding by segmenting
the homogeneous color regions of the image using Simple Linear Iterative
Clustering (SLIC) and applying a higher order interpolation technique
separately on the isolated segments. The interpolation at the boundaries of
each of the isolated segments is handled by using a morphological operation.
The approach is evaluated by comparing against several frequently used image
enlargement methods such as bilinear and bicubic interpolation by means of Peak
Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (PSNR) value. The results obtained exhibit that the
proposed method outperforms the baseline methods by means of PSNR and also
mitigates the color bleeding at the edges which improves the overall
appearance.Comment: 6 page
Reconstructing the Local Twist of Coronal Magnetic Fields and the Three-Dimensional Shape of the Field Lines from Coronal Loops in EUV and X-Ray Images
Non-linear force-free fields are the most general case of force-free fields,
but the hardest to model as well. There are numerous methods of computing such
fields by extrapolating vector magnetograms from the photosphere, but very few
attempts have so far made quantitative use of coronal morphology. We present a
method to make such quantitative use of X-Ray and EUV images of coronal loops.
Each individual loop is fit to a field line of a linear force-free field,
allowing the estimation of the field line's twist, three-dimensional geometry
and the field strength along it.
We assess the validity of such a reconstruction since the actual corona is
probably not a linear force-free field and that the superposition of linear
force-free fields is generally not itself a force-free field. To do so, we
perform a series of tests on non-linear force-free fields, described in Low &
Lou (1990). For model loops we project field lines onto the photosphere. We
compare several results of the method with the original field, in particular
the three-dimensional loop shapes, local twist (coronal alpha), distribution of
twist in the model photosphere and strength of the magnetic field. We find
that, (i) for these trial fields, the method reconstructs twist with mean
absolute deviation of at most 15% of the range of photospheric twist, (ii) that
heights of the loops are reconstructed with mean absolute deviation of at most
5% of the range of trial heights and (iii) that the magnitude of non-potential
contribution to photospheric field is reconstructed with mean absolute
deviation of at most 10% of the maximal value.Comment: submitted to Ap
Prioritized Data Compression using Wavelets
The volume of data and the velocity with which it is being generated by com-
putational experiments on high performance computing (HPC) systems is quickly
outpacing our ability to effectively store this information in its full
fidelity. There- fore, it is critically important to identify and study
compression methodologies that retain as much information as possible,
particularly in the most salient regions of the simulation space. In this
paper, we cast this in terms of a general decision-theoretic problem and
discuss a wavelet-based compression strategy for its solution. We pro- vide a
heuristic argument as justification and illustrate our methodology on several
examples. Finally, we will discuss how our proposed methodology may be utilized
in an HPC environment on large-scale computational experiments
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