A Probabilistic Spatial Distribution Model for Wire Faults in Parallel Network-on-Chip Links

High-performance chip multiprocessors contain numerous parallel-processing cores where a fabric devised as a network-on-chip (NoC) efficiently handles their escalating intertile communication demands. Unfortunately, prolonged operational stresses cause accelerated physically induced wearout leading to permanent metal wire faults in links. Where only a subset of wires may malfunction, enduring healthy wires are leveraged to sustain connectivity when a partially faulty link recovery mechanism is utilized, where its data recovery latency overhead is proportional to the number of consecutive faulty wires. With NoC link failure models being ultimately important, albeit being absent from existing literature, the construction of a mathematical model towards the understanding of the distribution of wire faults in parallel on-chip links is very critical. This paper steps in such a direction, where the objective is to find the probability of having a “fault segment” consisting of a certain number of consecutive “faulty” wires in a parallel NoC link. First, it is shown how the given problem can be reduced to an equivalent combinatorial problem through partitions and necklaces. Then the proposed algorithm counts certain classes of necklaces by making a separation between periodic and aperiodic cases. Finally, the resulting analytical model is tested successfully against a far more costly brute-force algorithm

Virtual Vibrational Spectrometry of Stable Radicals—Necklaced Graphene Molecules

The article presents results of an extended virtual experiment on graphene molecules per-formed using the virtual vibrational spectrometer HF Spectrodyn that exploits semiempirical Har-tree-Fock approximation. The molecules are composed of flat graphene domains surrounded with heteroatom necklaces. Not existing individually, these molecules are met in practice as basic structure units of complex multilevel structure of all sp2 amorphous carbons. This circumstance deprives the solids’ in vitro spectroscopy of revealing the individual character of basic structural elements, and in silico spectrometry fills this shortcoming. The obtained virtual vibrational spectra allow for drawing first conclusions about the specific features of the vibrational dynamics of the necklaced graphene molecules, caused by spatial structure and packing of their graphene domains as well as by chemical composition of the relevant necklaces. As shown, IR absorption spectra of the molecules are strongly necklace dependent, once becoming a distinct spectral signature of the amorphous body origin. Otherwise, Raman spectra are a spectral mark of the graphene domain’s size and pack-ing, thus disclosing the mystery of their universal D-G-band standard related to graphene-contain-ing materials of various origin

'Problematic stuff': death, memory and the reinterpretation of cached objects

Deliberately deposited (or cached) objects are ubiquitous in the archaeological record, yet they are often classified under different categories, such as hoards, structured deposits, grave goods and cenotaph burials, and interpreted according to different criteria. Drawing on contemporary attitudes to death, dying and bereavement, and using later prehistoric Britain as a case study, this article brings the analysis of these objects together within a single interpretive framework, which asserts that much of this material represents the ‘problematic stuff’ left behind by the dead. This approach forces us to reconsider the traditional boundaries drawn between different aspects of the archaeological record and demonstrates the value that emotion has in our interpretations of past societies

El espectro de la religiosidad, o lo que convierte a un objeto en religioso. Hábitos, fuentes que siguen un patrón y significados religiosos de los objetos-imagen en Pompeya

How do image-objects obtain a religious meaning? When can we interpret material evidence as traces of a religious ritual? These questions are central to the archaeology of religion, but often answered in favor of religion without sound criteria. Using examples from Pompeii I look into “material religion” through the lens of viewing habits and habitualized practices embedded in and shaping social and cultural habitus in a Roman city of the 1st cent. CE. This practice-oriented approach to religion and material culture allows for a more nuanced interpretation of when and how people in Graeco-Roman antiquity conceived of an image-object as religious and ascribed a religious meaning to it. Based on an understanding of religion as communication with supra-human agents, the notion of a “spectrum of religiousness” softens the black-and-white view on motifs and objects as either religious or profane. The distinction of a gradually varying perception of image-objects is archaeologically based on both loosely assembled evidence (e.g. the iconographical and material remains in a house) or intentionally arranged evidence (e.g. niches with altars in front of them). In the repetition of such material reflections of practices the religious character of imageobjects comes to the fore.¿Cómo adquieren los objetos-imagen un significado religioso? ¿Cuándo podemos interpretar las fuentes materiales como restos de un ritual religioso? Estas cuestiones son fundamentales para la arqueología de la religión, pero a menudo se responden en favor de lo religioso sin criterios sólidos. Utilizando ejemplos de Pompeya, exploro en este estudio la “religión material” a través del prisma de los hábitos de visión y de las prácticas habitualizadas que están imbricadas en, y que a su vez moldean el habitus social y cultural de una ciudad romana del siglo I d.C. Este enfoque de la religión y de la cultura material centrado en la práctica permite una interpretación más precisa de cuándo y cómo las personas en la Antigüedad grecorromana concebían un objeto-imagen como religioso y le adscribían un significado religioso. Basado en la idea de religión como comunicación con agentes suprahumanos, la noción de “espectro de religiosidad” suaviza la visión en blanco y negro de los motivos y de los objetos como religiosos o profanos. La distinción de una percepción gradualmente variante de los objetos-imagen esta fundamentada arqueológicamente, tanto en los materiales que aparecen reunidos de manera indirecta o casual (ej. los vestigios iconográficos y materiales de una casa), como en aquellos que fueron deliberadamente organizados (ej. nichos con altares en frente de ellos). En la repetición de estos reflejos materiales de las prácticas se aprecia el carácter religioso de los objetos-imagen

Status and Stasis: Looking at Women in the Palmyrene Tomb

The abundance of female funerary portraits from Palmyra makes them a tempting source for assessing the roles of women in ancient Palmyrene society. These bust-length portraits created in the first several centuries CE provide a wealth of detail on dress, adornment, family, and, in some cases, domestic activities. Although it has long been acknowledged that the portraits are not faithful renditions of the actual features and appearance of the deceased, the variability of gesture, dress, attributes, among other characteristics, suggests that the Palmyrenes did have some choice in the way in which they, or their family members, were represented. The correlation between these portraits and any kind of reliable indication of women’s roles in society is unlikely, however, since representations of women in the funerary sphere in general are normative, presenting an ideal to be achieved or societal priorities. Interpretation of the portraiture is further complicated by the political situation in Palmyra at the time of its production. Palmyra came under the control of Rome at some point in the late first century BCE to the early first century CE, and the funerary portraits are clearly modelled on Roman funerary sculpture. It is therefore difficult to discern the reasons behind certain stylistic choices: if they represented bona fide local priorities or socially potent references to a Roman paradigm. In this chapter, I focus on the bust-length relief portraits in the Palmyrene tombs, and the ways in which women are distinguished from men. Rather than providing any insight into the actual activities or position of women, this analysis will focus on the way in which the female modes of representation changed during the first three centuries CE, and reflect on the societal norms or priorities that dictated these changes

Chanticleer | Vol 49, Issue 14

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