1,193 research outputs found
A Tabu-search-based Algorithm for Distribution Network Restoration to Improve Reliability and Resiliency
Fault restoration techniques have always been crucial for distribution system operators (DSOs). In the last decade, it started to gain more and more importance due to the introduction of output-based regulations where DSO performances are evaluated according to frequency and duration of energy supply interruptions. The paper presents a tabu-search-based algorithm able to assist distribution network operational engineers in identifying solutions to restore the energy supply after permanent faults. According to the network property, two objective functions are considered to optimize either reliability or resiliency. The mathematical formulation includes the traditional feeders, number of switching operation limit, and radiality constraints. Thanks to the DSO of Milan, Unareti, the proposed algorithm has been tested on a real distribution network to investigate its effectiveness
Modeling Resilience in Electrical Distribution Networks
Electrical distribution networks deliver a fundamental service to citizens. However, they are still highly vulnerable to natural hazards as well as to cyberattacks; therefore, additional commitment and investments are needed to foster their resilience. Toward that, this paper presents and proposes the use of a complex simulation model, called reconfiguration simulator (RecSIM), enabling to evaluate the effectiveness of resilience enhancement strategies for electric distribution networks and the required resources to implement them. The focus is, in particular, on one specific attribute of resilience, namely, the readiness, i.e., the promptness and efficiency to recover the service functionality after a crisis event by managing and deploying the available resources rapidly and effectively. RecSIM allows estimating how and to what extent technological, topological, and management issues might improve electrical distribution networksâ functionality after the occurrence of accidental faults, accounting for interdependency issues and reconfiguration possibilities. The viability of implementing RecSIM on a real and large urban network is showcased in the paper with reference to the study case of the electrical distribution network (EDN) of Rome city
Advancements in Enhancing Resilience of Electrical Distribution Systems: A Review on Frameworks, Metrics, and Technological Innovations
This comprehensive review paper explores power system resilience, emphasizing
its evolution, comparison with reliability, and conducting a thorough analysis
of the definition and characteristics of resilience. The paper presents the
resilience frameworks and the application of quantitative power system
resilience metrics to assess and quantify resilience. Additionally, it
investigates the relevance of complex network theory in the context of power
system resilience. An integral part of this review involves examining the
incorporation of data-driven techniques in enhancing power system resilience.
This includes the role of data-driven methods in enhancing power system
resilience and predictive analytics. Further, the paper explores the recent
techniques employed for resilience enhancement, which includes planning and
operational techniques. Also, a detailed explanation of microgrid (MG)
deployment, renewable energy integration, and peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading
in fortifying power systems against disruptions is provided. An analysis of
existing research gaps and challenges is discussed for future directions toward
improvements in power system resilience. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of
power system resilience is provided, which helps in improving the ability of
distribution systems to withstand and recover from extreme events and
disruptions
Recovery Model for Survivable System through Resource Reconfiguration
A survivable system is able to fulfil its mission in a timely manner, in the presence of
attacks, failures, or accidents. It has been realized that it is not always possible to anticipate
every type of attack or failure or accident in a system, and to predict and protect against those
threats. Consequently, recovering back from any damage caused by threats becomes an
important attention to be taken into account. This research proposed another recovery model
to enhance system survivability. The model focuses on how to preserve the system and
resume its critical service while incident occurs by reconfiguring the damaged critical service
resources based on available resources without affecting the stability and functioning of the
system. There are three critical requisite conditions in this recovery model: the number of
pre-empted non-critical service resources, the response time of resource allocation, and the
cost of reconfiguration, which are used in some scenarios to find and re-allocate the available
resource for the reconfiguration. A brief specifications using Z language are also explored as
a preliminary proof before the implementation .. To validate the viability of the approach,
two instance cases studies of real-time system, delivery units of post office and computer
system of a company, are provided in ensuring the durative running of critical service. The
adoption of fault-tolerance and survivability using redundancy re-allocation in this recovery
model is discussed from a new perspective. Compared to the closest work done by other
researchers, it is shown that the model can solve not only single fault and can reconfigure the
damage resource with minimum disruption to other services
Reliability and resilience evaluation of distribution automation.
Modern distribution grid utilities are steadily adapting to the concepts of Smart Grids by
augmenting distribution grids with Distribution Automation (DA) to enhance visibility
and control for the purpose of enhanced system availability. Existing methods to place
and evaluate DA overlook the important enhancement it provides to the resilience of a
system. Resilience, a much-discussed but poorly defined measure for power systems,
represents a systemâs ability to withstand and recover from High-Impact Low-Probability
(HILP) events such as storms and earthquakes. This thesis argues that exisiting resilience
quantification methods do not capture the direct contribution which DA can make
to enhance system resilience. It develops a novel model and methodology to analyse
distribution grid resilience using the formalisms of Reliability Graphs (RGs), and
Stochastic Reward Nets (SRNs). These two models capture the different parts of the
complex recovery process which distribution grids perform to recover from faults using
DA.
There are three novel contributions in this thesis. Firstly, a three-tier hierarchical
model which contains an RG is developed to assess the enhancement which DA equipment
provides to load point and feeder availability and resilience. Next, and SRN is used to
develop a load point (LP) model which incorporates the dependence of feeder assets
during the fault isolation phase of the recovery process. Finally, the SRN model is
augmented with a phased recovery model to represent the complex recovery process
for distribution grids. Utilising these models, the placement of switch automation and
fault indicators is evaluated, and the contribution they make to resilience demonstrated.
Collectively, these models give a novel means of assessing the the availability, sensitivity
and resilience of distribution grids which utilise DA
Fault Location, Isolation and Network Restoration as a Self-Healing function
One of the main emphasis of the smart grid is the interaction of power supply and power customer in order to provide a reliable supply of power as well as to improve the flexibility of the network. Along with this, the increased energy demand, coupled with strict regulations on the quality and reliability of supply intensifies the pressure on distribution network operators to maintain the integrity of the network in its faultless operation mode. Additionally, regardless of the huge investments already made in replacing aging infrastructure and translating âthe old-fashioned gridâ in a âSmart Gridâ to minimize the probability for equipment failure, the chances of failure cannot be completely eliminated. In accordance, in the event of faults in the network, apart from the high penalty costs in which network operators may incur, certain safety factors must be taken into consideration for particular customers (for example, hospitals). In view of that, there is a necessity to minimize the impact on customers without supply and maintain outages times as brief as possible. Within this scenario comes the concept of self-healing grid as one of the key-technologies in the smart grid environment which is partly due to the rapid development of distribution automation. Self-healing refers to the capacity of the smart grid to restore efficiently and automatically power after an outage. Self-healing main goals comprise supply maximum load affected by the fault, take the shortest time period possible for restoration of the load, minimizing the number of switching operations and keeping the network capacity within its operating limits.
This research has explored insights into the smart grid in terms of the self-healing functionality within the distribution network with main emphasis on self-healing implementation types and its applicability. Initially a detailed review of the conception of the smart grid in order to integrate the self-healing and thus fault location, isolation and service restoration capabilities was conducted. This was complemented with a detailed discussion about the electricity distribution system automatic fault management in order to create a framework around which the aim of the research is based. Finally the self-healing problem coupled with current practical implementation cases was addressed with the objective of exploring the means of improvement and evolution in the automation level in the distribution network using Fault Location Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR) applicability as a medium
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