Application of Memristors in Microwave Passive Circuits

The recent implementation of the fourth fundamental electric circuit element, the memristor, opened new vistas in many fields of engineering applications. In this paper, we explore several RF/microwave passive circuits that might benefit from the memristor salient characteristics. We consider a power divider, coupled resonator bandpass filters, and a low-reflection quasi-Gaussian lowpass filter with lossy elements. We utilize memristors as configurable linear resistors and we propose memristor-based bandpass filters that feature suppression of parasitic frequency pass bands and widening of the desired rejection band. The simulations are performed in the time domain, using LTspice, and the RF/microwave circuits under consideration are modeled by ideal elements available in LTspice

COMPARISON OF MEMRISTOR MODELS FOR MICROWAVE CIRCUIT SIMULATIONS IN TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN

As reported in the open literature, there are many memristor models for the circuit-level simulations. Some of them are not particularly suitable for microwave circuit simulations. At RF/microwave frequencies, the memristor dynamics become an important issue for the transition process. In this paper we present a number of different SPICE memristor model groups. Each group is explained using representative models, which are analysed and compared from the microwave circuit analysis viewpoint. We consider the model behaviour at RF/microwave frequencies and the memristance setting issues. Results are compared and the best models are recommended

The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Newsletter

Summer 2017 News and notes for University of Dayton\u27s Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering.https://ecommons.udayton.edu/ece_newsletter/1010/thumbnail.jp

Microwave planar filters with multi-mode resonators

REZIME: Predmet istraživanja ove doktorske disertacije su mikrotalasni filtri propusnici opsega učestanosti, realizovani pomoću rezonatora sa više rezonantnih učestanosti, koji su implementirani u planarnoj štampanoj tehnici. S obzirom na stalan razvoj bežičnih tehnologija, kao što je peta generacija mobilnih mreža, postavljaju se zahtevi za projektovanje mikrotalasnih komponenti za šire propusne opsege, na višim učestanostima, čime bi se osvario brži prenos podataka, veći kapacitet mreže i bolja energetska efikasnost. Mikrotalasni filtri, kao deo nove tehnologije pete generacije mobilnih sistema, predstavljaju pravi izazov za projektante, o čemu svedoče brojne objavljene publikacije. Shodno sve strožijim specifikacijama tehnologije u razvoju, nameće se potreba za novim realizacijama mikrotalasnih filtara željenih performansi. U cilju zadovoljenja zahteva kao što su novi frekvecijski opsezi, širina kanala, primopredajnici sa više opsega, rekonfigurabilnost primopredajnika, minijaturizacija prenosivih uređaja uz uslov da ne dođe do neželjene sprege delova sitema, ostavlja se prostor za dalja istraživanja u oblasti projektovanja kako rezonatora, tako i filtara na mikrotalasnim učestanostima. Da bi se zadovoljili navedeni kriterijumi nove tehnologije, u okviru disertacije ispituje se nov način realizacije rezonatora sa dve ili tri rezonantne učestanosti. Razmatra se štampanje rezonatora u više slojeva planarne strukture u cilju smanjenja zauzeća štampane pločice. Korišćenje višeslojane strukture doprinosi minijaturizaciji sa jedne strane samog rezonatora, a sa druge strane celog filtra, uz težnju da se očuva ili poboljša karakteristika filtra. U razmatranom istraživanju, višeslojna realizacija je ostvarena spajanjem dve mikrotrakaste strukture masama, čime se masa postavlja u centar strukture. Predloženi rezonatori koriste se za projektovanje nove klase planarnih filtara koji imaju jedan ili više propusnih opsega. Za svaki propusni opseg filtra koristi se po jedan rezonator, a sprega između susednih opsega je izbegnuta ostavljanjem potrebnog rastojanja na štampanoj pločici. Osnovni cilj nove realizacije filtra je mogućnost nezavisnog vi podešavanja svakog od opsega. Shodno tome, ispitituje se optimalno rastojanja između rezonatora za različite propusne opsege.ABSTRACT: The scope of the research, presented in this doctoral dissertation, is the microwave bandpass filter design using multi-mode resonators implemented in planar technology. Due to the constant development of wireless technologies, such as the fifth generation of mobile networks, requirements for the microwave components design for wider pass bands are set up for higher frequencies, thereby securing faster data transfer, greater network capacity and better energy efficiency. As evidenced in numerous publications, microwave filters, as a part of the new technology of the fifth generation of mobile systems, present a real challenge for designers. In accordance with increasingly stringent technology specifications in development, the need for new microwave filter realizations of desired performance is imposed. In order to meet requirements such as new frequency bands, channel bandwidth, multi-band transceivers, reconfigurable transceivers, portable devices miniaturization without unwanted coupling between the parts of the system, a space for further resonators and filters design research remains. In order to satisfy the stated new technology criteria, in the framework of this dissertation, a new method of the resonator realization with two or three resonant frequencies is examined. In order to reduce the printed circuit area occupation, resonators printed in several layers of the planar structure are considered. The use of multilayer structure contributes to resonator miniaturization on one side, as well as for the entire filter, while preserving or improving the filter characteristics. In this study, the multilayer realization was achieved by combining two microstrip structures which are connected by a common ground, which is placed in the center of the structure. The proposed resonators are used for a new class of planar filters design with one or more pass bands. One resonator is used for each pass band of the filter, and the coupling between the adjacent pass bands is avoided by leaving the required distance on the printed circuit area. The main aim of the new filter realization is the possibility to independently tune each of the pass bands. Consequently, optimal distances between the resonators for different pass bands are examined. ix Due to the geometric complexity of the proposed filters, the analysis was performed in threedimensional electromagnetic software. For more efficient filter characteristics examination and for reducing the time needed for the analysis, equivalent circuits of the resonators and filters are proposed. The introduced equivalent circuits allow analysis of changing individual filter parameters on its frequency characteristics, almost instantaneously. Using the equivalent circuits significantly reduces the time required for filter design, since it allows the optimization of filter parameters at the microwave circuit level

Application of memristors in realization of microwave passive circuits

Предмет истраживања ове докторске дисертације је примјена мемристора у реализацији планарних микроталасних пасивних кола. У фокусу истраживања је микроталасни помјерач фазе остварен коришћењем мемристивних прекидача. Истраживање обухвата и реализацију микроталасних филтара са мемристорима. Циљ истраживања је реализација микроталасног помјерача фазе који има боље карактеристике у односу на карактеристике одговарајућих помјерача фазе објављених у доступној отвореној литератури, а који користе традиционалне прекидаче као што су PIN диоде, микроелектромеханички прекидачи и CMOS. Такође, циљ истраживања представља и анализа могућих реализација микроталасних филтара коришћењем мемристора. Доприноси дисертације су нов метод пројектовања помјерача фазе, коришћењем мемристора, а којим се смањује потрошња уређаја и поправља константност фазног помјераја у специфицираном фреквенцијском опсегу. При реализацији филтара, коришћењем мемристора потиснути су нежељени пропусни опсези, реализован је реконфигурабилни филтар коришћењем мемристивних прекидача. Поред тога, пројектован је хардвер за аутоматско програмирање комерцијално доступног мемристора компаније KnowM, развијен је алгоритам и софтвер микроконтролера који омогућава аутоматско програмирање, као и софтвер преносивог или удаљеног уређаја за контролу рада микроконтролера. Пројектована су електрична кола остварена коришћењем комерцијално доступног мемристора. Предложен је модел за фреквенцијску анализу комерцијално доступног мемристора на учестаностима до 1 MHz. Пројектован је активни филтар пропусник опсега, који има могућност подешавања централне фреквенције при радном режиму. За експерименталну верификацију рада програматора и електричних кола направљени су лабораторијски прототипови.The scope of the research presented in this doctoral dissertation is the application of memristors in the realization of planar microwave passive circuits. The focus of the research was the microwave phase shifter realized using memristive switches. In addition, the research includes the realization of microwave filters by incorporating memristors. The aim of the research is the realization of a microwave phase shifter with better characteristics compared to the characteristics of phase shifters available in the open literature, which use traditional switches like PIN diodes, microelectromechanical systems, and CMOS. Also, the aim of the research is the analysis of microwave filters with incorporated memristors. The contribution of the doctoral dissertation is a novel method of designing microwave phase shifters - by using memristors which reduces the power consumption of the device and improves the constancy of the phase shift in the specified frequency range. By using memristors in the realization of filters, unwanted bandwidths are suppressed, and a reconfigurable filter is realized by using memristive switches. In addition, hardware for the automatic programming of KnowM's commercially available memristors has been designed, an algorithm and microcontroller software that enables automatic programming have been developed, as well as software for a portable or remote device to control the operation of the microcontroller. Electrical circuits designed using the commercially available memristor were realized. A frequency analysis model of the commercially available memristor at frequencies of up to 1 MHz has been proposed. An active bandpass filter has been designed, which has the ability to tune the center frequency during operation. Laboratory prototypes were made for the experimental verification of the operation of programmers and electrical circuits

Programmable photonic circuits

[EN] The growing maturity of integrated photonic technology makes it possible to build increasingly large and complex photonic circuits on the surface of a chip. Today, most of these circuits are designed for a specific application, but the increase in complexity has introduced a generation of photonic circuits that can be programmed using software for a wide variety of functions through a mesh of on-chip waveguides, tunable beam couplers and optical phase shifters. Here we discuss the state of this emerging technology, including recent developments in photonic building blocks and circuit architectures, as well as electronic control and programming strategies. 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BPLight-CNN: A Photonics-based Backpropagation Accelerator for Deep Learning

Training deep learning networks involves continuous weight updates across the various layers of the deep network while using a backpropagation algorithm (BP). This results in expensive computation overheads during training. Consequently, most deep learning accelerators today employ pre-trained weights and focus only on improving the design of the inference phase. The recent trend is to build a complete deep learning accelerator by incorporating the training module. Such efforts require an ultra-fast chip architecture for executing the BP algorithm. In this article, we propose a novel photonics-based backpropagation accelerator for high performance deep learning training. We present the design for a convolutional neural network, BPLight-CNN, which incorporates the silicon photonics-based backpropagation accelerator. BPLight-CNN is a first-of-its-kind photonic and memristor-based CNN architecture for end-to-end training and prediction. We evaluate BPLight-CNN using a photonic CAD framework (IPKISS) on deep learning benchmark models including LeNet and VGG-Net. The proposed design achieves (i) at least 34x speedup, 34x improvement in computational efficiency, and 38.5x energy savings, during training; and (ii) 29x speedup, 31x improvement in computational efficiency, and 38.7x improvement in energy savings, during inference compared to the state-of-the-art designs. All these comparisons are done at a 16-bit resolution; and BPLight-CNN achieves these improvements at a cost of approximately 6% lower accuracy compared to the state-of-the-art