7,644 research outputs found

    The digital person - the state of the art and science : a white paper from the 2nd Wolfson - HAT international symposium on the digital person

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    This paper reports the discussion of the 2nd Wolfson/HAT International Symposium on the Digital Person 31 May 2018. The symposium was chaired by Professor Irene Ng, representing the social sciences, Professor Jon Crowcroft, representing the sciences and Professor John Naughton, representing the humanities

    Privacy, Risk, Anonymization and Data Sharing in the Internet of Health Things

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    This paper explores a specific risk-mitigation strategy to reduce privacy concerns in the Internet of Health Things (IoHT): data anonymization. It contributes to the current academic debate surrounding the role of anonymization in the IoHT by evaluating how data controllers can balance privacy risks against the quality of output data and select the appropriate privacy model that achieves the aims underlying the concept of Privacy by Design. It sets forth several approaches for identifying the risk of re-identification in the IoHT as well as explores the potential for synthetic data generation to be used as an alternative method to anonymization for data sharing

    Governing autonomous vehicles: emerging responses for safety, liability, privacy, cybersecurity, and industry risks

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    The benefits of autonomous vehicles (AVs) are widely acknowledged, but there are concerns about the extent of these benefits and AV risks and unintended consequences. In this article, we first examine AVs and different categories of the technological risks associated with them. We then explore strategies that can be adopted to address these risks, and explore emerging responses by governments for addressing AV risks. Our analyses reveal that, thus far, governments have in most instances avoided stringent measures in order to promote AV developments and the majority of responses are non-binding and focus on creating councils or working groups to better explore AV implications. The US has been active in introducing legislations to address issues related to privacy and cybersecurity. The UK and Germany, in particular, have enacted laws to address liability issues, other countries mostly acknowledge these issues, but have yet to implement specific strategies. To address privacy and cybersecurity risks strategies ranging from introduction or amendment of non-AV specific legislation to creating working groups have been adopted. Much less attention has been paid to issues such as environmental and employment risks, although a few governments have begun programmes to retrain workers who might be negatively affected.Comment: Transport Reviews, 201

    Regulating Data as Property: A New Construct for Moving Forward

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    The global community urgently needs precise, clear rules that define ownership of data and express the attendant rights to license, transfer, use, modify, and destroy digital information assets. In response, this article proposes a new approach for regulating data as an entirely new class of property. Recently, European and Asian public officials and industries have called for data ownership principles to be developed, above and beyond current privacy and data protection laws. In addition, official policy guidances and legal proposals have been published that offer to accelerate realization of a property rights structure for digital information. But how can ownership of digital information be achieved? How can those rights be transferred and enforced? Those calls for data ownership emphasize the impact of ownership on the automotive industry and the vast quantities of operational data which smart automobiles and self-driving vehicles will produce. We looked at how, if at all, the issue was being considered in consumer-facing statements addressing the data being collected by their vehicles. To formulate our proposal, we also considered continued advances in scientific research, quantum mechanics, and quantum computing which confirm that information in any digital or electronic medium is, and always has been, physical, tangible matter. Yet, to date, data regulation has sought to adapt legal constructs for “intangible” intellectual property or to express a series of permissions and constraints tied to specific classifications of data (such as personally identifiable information). We examined legal reforms that were recently approved by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law to enable transactions involving electronic transferable records, as well as prior reforms adopted in the United States Uniform Commercial Code and Federal law to enable similar transactions involving digital records that were, historically, physical assets (such as promissory notes or chattel paper). Finally, we surveyed prior academic scholarship in the U.S. and Europe to determine if the physical attributes of digital data had been previously considered in the vigorous debates on how to regulate personal information or the extent, if at all, that the solutions developed for transferable records had been considered for larger classes of digital assets. Based on the preceding, we propose that regulation of digital information assets, and clear concepts of ownership, can be built on existing legal constructs that have enabled electronic commercial practices. We propose a property rules construct that clearly defines a right to own digital information arises upon creation (whether by keystroke or machine), and suggest when and how that right attaches to specific data though the exercise of technological controls. This construct will enable faster, better adaptations of new rules for the ever-evolving portfolio of data assets being created around the world. This approach will also create more predictable, scalable, and extensible mechanisms for regulating data and is consistent with, and may improve the exercise and enforcement of, rights regarding personal information. We conclude by highlighting existing technologies and their potential to support this construct and begin an inventory of the steps necessary to further proceed with this process

    The Fine Line between Identifiers Capable of Identifying and Identifiable Information

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    Can Blockchain Revolutionize Tax Administration?

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    Experts predict that the use of smart contracts and other applications of blockchain technology could revolutionize the manner in which we do business. Blockchain technology promises the elimination of middlemen, increased trust and transparency, and improved access to shared information and records. Thus, it is no surprise that companies and entrepreneurs are developing blockchain solutions for an array of markets, ranging from real estate to health care. But can this new technology revolutionize tax administration? This Article is the first to consider blockchain technology’s role in addressing the shortcomings of our current administration system— namely, a large tax gap, high compliance and administrative costs, and operational inefficiencies. To mitigate these problems, this Article introduces two innovative uses of blockchain technology in the tax space: a blockchain-based platform for information returns and a blockchain-based platform for digital invoices. Implementing these blockchain-based platforms for tax administration presents significant opportunities to digitalize and automate certain tax processes, improve tax compliance and enforcement, and minimize many inefficiencies currently involved in the tax administration process. This Article also considers the broader implications of using technology to improve tax administration by demonstrating that any blockchain tax initiative is unlikely to make meaningful improvements to tax processes without additional government action. It, therefore, sets forth normative steps for policymakers to take in supporting the use of blockchain and other technologies in the tax space. By doing so, this Article promotes a proactive approach to exploring and understanding blockchain technology’s benefits, limitations, and implications to ultimately place the government in the best position to modernize our tax administration system

    Carpenter: Framing Fourth Amendment Jurisprudence on a Textual Foundation

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