21,945 research outputs found
The Digrams of Webster\u27s Unabridged Dictionary
For many years word buffs at these laboratories have made a game out of finding words which contain strange digrams (pairs of letters side-by-side). The problem, as originally posed by M.D. McIlroy, was to complete a table with 26 rows and 26 columns, labeled by the letters A, B, ... , Z. The space where row L crossed column L\u27 was to be filled by a word containing the digram LL\u27
Orthographic facilitation in oral vocabulary acquisition
An experiment investigated whether exposure to orthography facilitates oral vocabulary learning. A total of 58 typically developing children aged 8-9 years were taught 12 nonwords. Children were trained to associate novel phonological forms with pictures of novel objects. Pictures were used as referents to represent novel word meanings. For half of the nonwords children were additionally exposed to orthography, although they were not alerted to its presence, nor were they instructed to use it. After this training phase a nonword-picture matching posttest was used to assess learning of nonword meaning, and a spelling posttest was used to assess learning of nonword orthography. Children showed robust learning for novel spelling patterns after incidental exposure to orthography. Further, we observed stronger learning for nonword-referent pairings trained with orthography. The degree of orthographic facilitation observed in posttests was related to children's reading levels, with more advanced readers showing more benefit from the presence of orthography
Survey-based naming conventions for use in OBO Foundry ontology development
A wide variety of ontologies relevant to the biological and medical domains are
available through the OBO Foundry portal, and their number is growing rapidly. Integration of these ontologies, while requiring considerable effort, is extremely desirable. However, heterogeneities in format and style pose serious obstacles to such integration. In particular, inconsistencies in naming conventions can impair the readability and navigability of ontology class hierarchies, and hinder their alignment and integration. While other sources of diversity are tremendously complex and challenging, agreeing a set of common naming conventions is an achievable goal, particularly if those conventions are based on lessons drawn from pooled practical
experience and surveys of community opinion. We summarize a review of existing naming conventions and highlight certain disadvantages with respect to general applicability in the biological domain. We also present the results of a survey carried out to establish which naming conventions are currently employed by OBO Foundry ontologies and to determine what their special requirements regarding the naming
of entities might be. Lastly, we propose an initial set of typographic, syntactic and semantic conventions for labelling classes in OBO Foundry ontologies. Adherence to common naming conventions is more than just a matter of aesthetics. Such conventions provide guidance to ontology creators, help developers avoid flaws and
inaccuracies when editing, and especially when interlinking, ontologies. Common naming conventions will also assist consumers of ontologies to more readily understand what meanings were intended by the authors of ontologies used in annotating bodies of data
The Longest Word
What is the longest English word? That is a question which has always intrigued people interested in words. For a variety of peculiar reasons, it has, until recently, not been possible to give a simple, clear-cut answer. Should we restrict ourselves to dictionary words? If so, which dictionaries should we accept as admissible? Should we accept geographic names? If so, must such names be found in English-speaking countries, or is the entire world fair game? Should we accept biographical names? If so, must we restrict ourselves to names found in standard reference works, or are names in telephone directories equally acceptable? Should we accept coined words found in English literature? If so, do we limit ourselves to the classics, or is any published book whatever acceptable
Overview of the CLEF-2005 cross-language speech retrieval track
The task for the CLEF-2005 cross-language speech retrieval track was to identify topically coherent segments of English interviews in a known-boundary condition. Seven teams participated, performing both monolingual and cross-language searches of ASR transcripts, automatically generated metadata, and manually generated metadata.
Results indicate that monolingual search technology is sufficiently accurate to be useful for some purposes (the
best mean average precision was 0.18) and cross-language searching yielded results typical of those seen in other
applications (with the best systems approximating monolingual mean average precision)
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